Mal:IPA-it – Wikipedia

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Usage of IPA pronunciation templates

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Mal:IPA keys Wikipedia offers several templates for proper display of IPA transcriptions.

IPA font

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In general, IPA symbols on a page should be enclosed in the {{IPA}} template, which formats the text in an IPA-producing font. If a substantial portion of a page uses IPA, it is customary to post notice of that fact with {{IPA notice}}, though each token still requires the {{IPA}} template for proper formatting.

If there are not enough occurrences to warrant a notice, then consider a template that links to an IPA key for the first instance of the IPA on a page or section.

English words

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For English words, in a broad, non-regional transcription, as when giving the pronunciation of a key word in an article, use templates linking to Help:IPA/English, a chart of the subset of the IPA that is relevant to English:

{{IPA-en}}, appearing as: Mal:IPA-en (also Mal:IPA-en, Mal:IPA-en, Mal:IPA-en, as hereafter).
{{IPAc-en}}, which automates the conversion to IPA, so that {{IPAc-en|'|w|3r|d}} appears as /ˈwɜːrd/. This provides mouse-over links to the symbols, and is now the preferred template.

For a specific transcription in a regional variety, use {{IPA-endia}} or {{IPA-all}}.

Non-English words

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For words that are not assimilated into English, regional pronunciations of English words, and non-standard English dialects, use templates linking to the more general Help:IPA chart, containing all major IPA symbols:

{{IPA-all}}, appearing as: Mal:IPA-all. Or:
For specific languages, there may be dedicated IPA keys for standardized transcription. There are several options for their display. The first cell includes the ISO code of the language; the second is the transcription; the third keys an introductory phrase; and the fourth is space for a sound file. Using the French word eau [o] as an example, we have the default format:
- {{IPA-fr|o}} → fransk uttale: [o]
Or the word "pronounced" can be used as the introduction:
- {{IPA-fr|o|pron}} → uttalt: [o]
Language name only:
- {{IPA-fr|o|lang}} → fransk: [o]
"IPA" only:
- {{IPA-fr|o|IPA}} → IPA: [o]
Link only:
- {{IPA-fr|o|}} → [o]
Any of these may be combined with a sound file:
- {{IPA-fr|o|lang|Fr-eau.ogg}} → fransk: [o] (hør ^hjelp•info)
For the default introductory phrase, however, a placeholder such as “-” is required:
- {{IPA-fr|o|-|Fr-eau.ogg}} → Fransk uttale: [o] (hør ^hjelp•info)

Supported languages and their templates

Afrikaans: {{IPA-af}}
Albanian: {{IPA-sq}}
Amharic: {{IPA-am}}
Arabic: {{IPA-ar}}, {{IPA-aeb}} (Tunisian), {{IPA-acw}} (Hejazi) & {{IPA-arz}} (Egyptian) (see also {{IPAc-ar}} hereafter)
Armenian: {{IPA-hy}}
Arpitan: {{IPA-frp}}
Assamese: {{IPA-as}}
Astur-Leonese: {{IPA-ast}}, {{IPA-le}}, {{IPA-mwl}}, {{IPA-ext}}
Australian Aboriginal languages: {{IPA-aus}}
Basque: {{IPA-eu}}
Belarusian: {{IPA-be}}
Bengali: {{IPA-bn}}
Berber (Tamaziɣt): {{IPA-tam}}
Breton: {{IPA-br}}
Bulgarian and Macedonian: {{IPA-mk}} & {{IPA-bg}}
Burmese: {{IPA-my}}
Cantonese: {{IPA-yue}} (see also {{IPAc-yue}} hereafter)
Catalan: {{IPA-ca}} & {{IPA-va}}
Colognian (Kölsch): {{IPA-ksh}}
Corsican: {{IPA-co}}
Czech: {{IPA-cs}}
Danish: {{IPA-da}}
Dutch and Flemish: {{IPA-nl}}
English: {{IPA-en}} & {{IPA-endia}} (see also {{IPAc-en}} hereafter)
Esperanto: {{IPA-eo}}
Fijian: {{IPA-fj}}
Finnish and Estonian: {{IPA-fi}} & {{IPA-et}}
French: {{IPA-fr}} (see also {{IPAc-fr}} hereafter)
Georgian: {{IPA-ka}} (see also {{IPAc-ka}} hereafter)
German: {{IPA-de}} & {{IPA-gsw}} (Alemannic)
Greek: {{IPA-el}}
Guaraní: {{IPA-gn}}
Gujarati: {{IPA-gu}}
Haitian Creole: {{IPA-ht}}
Hawaiian: {{IPA-haw}}
Hebrew: {{IPA-he}} (see also {{IPAc-he}} hereafter)
Hindustani: {{IPA-hns}}, {{IPA-hi}} & {{IPA-ur}}
Hungarian: {{IPA-hu}} (see also {{IPAc-hu}} hereafter)
Icelandic: {{IPA-is}}
Inuktitut: {{IPA-iu}}
Irish: {{IPA-ga}} (see also {{IPAc-ga}} hereafter)
Italian: {{IPA-it}} & {{IPAc-it}} (Central dialects)
Japanese: {{IPA-ja}} (see also {{IPAc-ja}} hereafter)
Judaeo-Spanish: {{IPA-lad}}
Kashmiri: {{IPA-ks}}
Kazakh: {{IPA-kk}}
Khmer: {{IPA-km}}
Klingon: {{IPA-tlh}}
Korean: {{IPA-ko}} (see also {{IPAc-ko}} hereafter)
Kurdish: {{IPA-ku}}
Latin: {{IPA-la}}
Latvian: {{IPA-lv}}
Laz: {{IPA-lzz}}
Ligurian (Genoese): {{IPA-lij}}
Lithuanian {{IPA-lt}}
Lombard: {{IPA-lmo}}
Luxembourgish: {{IPA-lb}}
Macedonian: {{IPA-mk}}
Malagasy: {{IPA-mg}}
Malay and Indonesian: {{IPA-may}} & {{IPA-id}}
Malayalam: {{IPA-ml}}
Maltese: {{IPA-mt}}
Mandaic: {{IPA-mid}}
Mandarin Chinese: {{IPA-cmn}} (see also {{IPAc-cmn}} hereafter)
Manchu: {{IPA-mnc}}
Manx: {{IPA-gv}}
Māori: {{IPA-mi}} (see also {{IPAc-mi}} hereafter)
Marshallese: {{IPA-mh}} (see also {{IPAc2-mh}} hereafter)
Mayan: {{IPA-myn}}
Mingrelian: {{IPA-xmf}}
Mongolian: {{IPA-mn}}
Nahuatl: {{IPA-nah}}
Navajo: {{IPA-nav}}
Neapolitan: {{IPA-nap}}
Northern Thai: {{IPA-nod}}
Norwegian: {{IPA-no}}
Occitan: {{IPA-oc}}
Oriya: {{IPA-or}}
Oromo: {{IPA-om}}
Persian: {{IPA-fa}}
Piedmontese: {{IPA-pms}}
Polish: {{IPA-pl}} (see also {{IPAc-pl}} hereafter)
Portuguese and Galician: {{IPA-pt}} (see also {{IPAc-pt}} hereafter) & {{IPA-gl}}
Punjabi: {{IPA-pa}}
Quechua: {{IPA-qu}}
Romanian: {{IPA-ro}} (see also {{IPAc-ro}} hereafter)
Romansh: {{IPA-rm}}
Russian: {{IPA-ru}}
Sanskrit: {{IPA-sa}}
Sardinian: {{IPA-srd}}
Saterland Frisian: {{IPA-stq}}
Scottish Gaelic: {{IPA-gd}}
Serbian and Croatian: {{IPA-sh}}, {{IPA-hr}}, {{IPA-sr}}
Shan and Tai Lü: {{IPA-shn}}
Sicilian: {{IPA-scn}}
Slovak: {{IPA-sk}}
Slovene: {{IPA-sl}}
Spanish: {{IPA-es}} (see also {{IPAc-es}} hereafter)
Svan: {{IPA-sva}}
Swazi: {{IPA-ss}}
Swedish: {{IPA-sv}}
Taiwanese Hokkien: {{IPA-taiwan}}
Tagalog (Filipino): {{IPA-tl}}
Tamil: {{IPA-ta}}
Tatar: {{IPA-tt}}
Thai and Lao-Isan: {{IPA-th}} & {{IPA-lo}}
Tibetan: {{IPA-bo}}
Turkish, Azeri and Turkmen: {{IPA-tr}}, {{IPA-az}} & {{IPA-tk}}
Ukrainian: {{IPA-uk}}
Uzbek: {{IPA-uz}}
Venetian: {{IPA-vec}}
Vietnamese: {{IPA-vi}}
Walloon: {{IPA-wa}}
Wandamen: {{IPA-wad}}
Welsh: {{IPA-cy}}
West Frisian: {{IPA-fy}}
Xhosa: {{IPA-xh}}
Yiddish: {{IPA-yi}}
Zulu: {{IPA-zu}}

Languages without dedicated keys

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Templates have been created for languages which do not yet have dedicated key pages. Transcriptions which use these templates will link to Help:IPA for the time being; when a language-specific key is created the templates will be linked accordingly. For example, you can use {{IPA-jv|word}} for Javanese, but for the moment it will link to Help:IPA, producing Mal:IPA-jv.

Languages and language extensions (IPA-iso) with links to Help:IPA

{{IPA-ace}} Acehnese
{{IPA-ady}} Adyghe
{{IPA-ain}} Ainu
{{IPA-ak}} Akan (Fante, Twi)
{{IPA-akk}} Akkadian
{{IPA-alg}} Algonquian (Micmac, Cree)
{{IPA-all}} (transcriptions not specific to any language, or which have not yet been reassigned)
{{IPA-als}} Albanian dialects
{{IPA-an}} Aragonese
{{IPA-arn}} Mapuche
{{IPA-art}} artificial (Ido, Tolkien, etc.)
{{IPA-ath}} Athabaskan (Dene, Navajo)
{{IPA-ay}} Aymara
{{IPA-azc}} Uto-Aztecan (Shoshone, Comanche)
{{IPA-ba}} Bashkir
{{IPA-bm}} Manding/Bambara
{{IPA-bodia}} Bodish
{{IPA-cau}} (North) Caucasian
{{IPA-cel}} Celtic (Brythonic, Gaulish)
{{IPA-ch}} Chamorro
{{IPA-cop}} Coptic
{{IPA-csb}} Kashubian
{{IPA-cv}} Chuvash
{{IPA-dedia}} German dialects
{{IPA-dv}} Dhivehi
{{IPA-ee}} Gbe (Ewe, Fon)
{{IPA-enm}} Middle English
{{IPA-esdia}} Spanish dialects
{{IPA-fo}} Faroese
{{IPA-frdia}} French dialects (Canadian, Metis, Norman)
{{IPA-gez}} Ge'ez
{{IPA-ha}} Hausa
{{IPA-hak}} Hakka
{{IPA-hmn}} Hmong
{{IPA-ig}} Igbo
{{IPA-ik}} Inupiat
{{IPA-ira}} Iranian (Old Persian, Kurdish, Pamir)
{{IPA-iro}} Iroquoian (Mohawk, Cherokee)
{{IPA-jv}} Javanese
{{IPA-ki}} Kikuyu
{{IPA-kl}} Greenlandic
{{IPA-kn}} Kannada
{{IPA-kok}} Konkani
{{IPA-kw}} Cornish
{{IPA-ky}} Kyrgyz
{{IPA-lad}} Ladino
{{IPA-lg}} Ganda
{{IPA-lld}} Ladin
{{IPA-ltc}} Middle Chinese
{{IPA-mga}} Middle Irish
{{IPA-mnw}} Mon
{{IPA-moh}} Mohawk
{{IPA-mos}} Mossi/Gurunsi
{{IPA-mr}} Marathi
{{IPA-mus}} Muskogean (Chickasaw, Creek)
{{IPA-na}} Nauruan
{{IPA-nan}} Minnan/Taiwanese
{{IPA-ne}} Nepali
{{IPA-non}} Old Norse
{{IPA-ny}} Chewa
{{IPA-oax}} Oaxaca (Zapotec, Mixe, Otomi)
{{IPA-pap}} Papiamento
{{IPA-poly}} (other) Polynesian
{{IPA-ps}} Pashto
{{IPA-ptdia}} Portuguese dialects
{{IPA-qya}} Quenya
{{IPA-rw}} Rwanda-Rundi
{{IPA-ryu}} Okinawan langs
{{IPA-sal}} Salish & NW Coast
{{IPA-sco}} Scots
{{IPA-sd}} Sindhi
{{IPA-sei}} Seri
{{IPA-sem}} (ancient) Semitic, Egyptian
{{IPA-sga}} Old Irish
{{IPA-si}} Sinhala
{{IPA-sio}} Siouan (Omaha, Lakota)
{{IPA-sla}} Slavic (old Slavic, Silesian, Sorbian)
{{IPA-sm}} Samoan
{{IPA-sn}} Shona
{{IPA-so}} Somali
{{IPA-st}} Sotho
{{IPA-su}} Sundanese
{{IPA-sux}} Sumerian
{{IPA-sw}} Swahili
{{IPA-syr}} Syriac
{{IPA-te}} Telugu
{{IPA-tn}} Tswana
{{IPA-to}} Tongan
{{IPA-tyv}} Tuvan
{{IPA-ug}} Uyghur
{{IPA-wo}} Wolof
{{IPA-wuu}} Wu/Shanghainese
{{IPA-xx}} (unidentified)
{{IPA-yo}} Yoruba

Conversion to IPA

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The template {{x2i}} takes X-SAMPA symbols (ASCII equivalents of IPA symbols) and converts them to IPA.

Other language-specific templates allow you to enter ordinary letters (or conventional ASCII equivalents) in place of IPA characters, and they will be automatically converted to the phonetic symbols that are used to transcribe the language. The templates that are currently available are shown below, with examples:

Arabic, {{IPAc-ar}}	`{{IPAc-ar\|2\|a\|l\|l\|u\|gh\|a\|t_\|a\|l\|3\|a\|r\|a\|b\|i\|y\|y\|a}}` → Mal:IPAc-ar
Mandarin, {{IPAc-cmn}}	`{{IPAc-cmn\|zh\|ong\|1\|h\|ua\|2\|-\|r\|en\|2\|m\|in\|2\|-\|g\|ong\|4\|h\|e\|2\|g\|uo\|2}}` → Mal:IPAc-cmn
English, {{IPAc-en}}	`{{IPAc-en\|,\|{\|l\|@\|'\|b\|{\|m\|@}}` → /ˌæləˈbæmə/
Spanish, {{IPAc-es}}	`{{IPAc-es\|m\|i\|'\|gu\|e\|l\|_\|d\|e\|_\|c\|e\|r\|'\|v\|a\|n\|t\|e\|s\|_\|s\|aa\|'\|v\|e\|d\|r\|a}}` → Mal:IPAc-es
French, {{IPAc-fr}}	`{{IPAc-fr\|j\|@\|-\|s\|U\|i\|s_\|a\|m\|é\|r\|i\|c\|ain}}` → Mal:IPAc-fr
Irish, {{IPAc-ga}}	`{{IPAc-ga\|'\|b\|ai\|l'\|@\|-\|'\|á\|th\|@\|-\|'\|c'\|l'\|ia\|th}}` → Mal:IPAc-ga
Hebrew, {{IPAc-he}}	`{{IPAc-he\|y\|a\|ʿ\|a\|k\|o\|v}}` → Mal:IPAc-he
Hungarian, {{IPAc-hu}}	`{{IPAc-hu\|'\|m\|a\|gy\|a\|r}}` → Mal:IPAc-hu
Italian, {{IPAc-it}}	`{{IPAc-it\|'\|ì\|o\|_\|'\|s\|o\|:\|n\|o\|_\|a\|m\|e\|r\|i\|'\|c\|a\|:\|n\|o}}` → Mal:IPAc-it
Japanese, {{IPAc-ja}}	`{{IPAc-ja\|ku\|ro\|si\|o}}` → Mal:IPAc-ja
Georgian {{IPAc-ka}}	`{{IPAc-ka\|dz\|a\|l\|a\|_\|e\|r\|t\|o\|b\|a\|sh\|i\|a}}` → Mal:IPAc-ka
Korean, {{IPAc-ko}}	`{{IPAc-ko\|h\|a\|ng\|eo}}` → Mal:IPAc-ko
Marshallese, {{IPAc2-mh}}	`{{IPAc-mh\|m\|yay\|J\|^yeh\|r\|how\|ow}}` → Mal:IPAc-mh
Māori, {{IPAc-mi}}	`{{IPAc-mi\|ng\|ā\|r\|u\|a\|'\|w\|ā\|h\|i\|a}}` → Mal:IPAc-mi
Polish, {{IPAc-pl}}	`{{IPAc-pl\|'\|sz\|cz\|e\|ć\|i\|n}}` → Mal:IPAc-pl
Portuguese, {{IPAc-pt}}	`{{IPAc-pt\|p\|o\|<\|r\|t\|u\|'\|g\|a\|l\|lang=pt}} and {{IPAc-pt\|b\|r\|a\|'\|s\|i\|l\|lang=br}}` → Mal:IPAc-pt and Mal:IPAc-pt
Romanian, {{IPAc-ro}}	`{{IPAc-ro\|ˈ\|m\|U\|n\|ț\|ii\|_\|f\|ă\|G\|ă\|ˈ\|r\|a\|ș\|U\|l\|U\|i}}` → Mal:IPAc-ro
Cantonese, {{IPAc-yue}}	`{{IPAc-yue\|h\|ung\|2\|.\|z\|i\|2}}` → Mal:IPAc-yue

Broken templates

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The following templates need amendment:

{{IPAc-de}}
{{IPAc-nl}}

Usage of IPA pronunciation templates

IPA font

English words

Non-English words

Languages without dedicated keys

Conversion to IPA

Broken templates

See also