Sokoto
| Climate data for Sokoto (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 32.1 (89.8) |
34.8 (94.6) |
38.6 (101.5) |
40.6 (105.1) |
39.0 (102.2) |
36.2 (97.2) |
32.8 (91.0) |
31.3 (88.3) |
32.8 (91.0) |
36.0 (96.8) |
36.1 (97.0) |
32.9 (91.2) |
35.3 (95.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.5 (76.1) |
27.1 (80.8) |
31.2 (88.2) |
33.7 (92.7) |
33.1 (91.6) |
30.9 (87.6) |
28.2 (82.8) |
27.2 (81.0) |
28.0 (82.4) |
29.7 (85.5) |
28.3 (82.9) |
25.3 (77.5) |
28.9 (84.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 16.9 (62.4) |
19.4 (66.9) |
23.8 (74.8) |
26.9 (80.4) |
27.3 (81.1) |
25.6 (78.1) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.1 (73.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
23.4 (74.1) |
20.5 (68.9) |
17.7 (63.9) |
22.6 (72.7) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.00) |
1.5 (0.06) |
4.8 (0.19) |
46.5 (1.83) |
80.0 (3.15) |
186.6 (7.35) |
200.5 (7.89) |
109.8 (4.32) |
17.2 (0.68) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
647 (25.47) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 14 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 47 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 24 | 19 | 21 | 34 | 50 | 62 | 76 | 83 | 80 | 64 | 36 | 27 | 48 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 288.3 | 268.4 | 275.9 | 255.0 | 272.8 | 279.0 | 229.4 | 186.0 | 237.0 | 303.8 | 300.0 | 300.7 | 3,196.3 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 9.3 | 9.5 | 8.9 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 9.3 | 7.4 | 6.0 | 7.9 | 9.8 | 10.0 | 9.7 | 8.8 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[1] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity, 1951–1965 and sun, 1952–1961)[2] | |||||||||||||
Sokoto bụ nnukwu obodo dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Naịjirịa, n'akụkụ njikọ nke Osimiri Sokoto na Osimiri Rima. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2006, o nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ karịrị puku narị anọ na iri abụọ na asaa, narị asaa na iri isii . Sokoto bụ isi obodo nke oge a nke Sokoto Steeti ma bụrụbu isi obodo nke steeti ndị dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ. A maara Sokoto nke oge a maka ịzụ ahịa akpụkpọ atụrụ, akpụkpọ ehi, ọrụ akpụkpọ anụ ihe dị ịrịba ama, mkpụrụ osisi ojii na akpụkpọ ewu.[3]
Ebe obibi nke Sokoto kalifetị, obodo ahụ bụ ndị Alakụba na ebe dị mkpa maka mmụta Alakụba. Sultan nke na-eduzi kalifetị bụ onye ndú ime mmụọ nke ndị okpukpere Alakụba Naijiria.
Aha na mmalite
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Aha Sokoto nke bụ ụdị nke oge a, nke Bekee nke aha obodo ahụ, Sakkwato sitere na Arabic, na-anọchite anya sooq, 'ahịa' na Bekee. A makwaara ya dị ka Sakkwato, Birnin Shaihu da Bello" ma ọ bụ "Sokoto, Isi obodo Shaihu na Bello".
Ọnọdụ ihu igwe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Sokoto nwere ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ . Ọ dị na Sahel kpọrọ nkụ nke savanna ájá na ugwu ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ gbara gburugburu.
Na nkezi okpomọkụ kwa afọ nke iri abụo na asatọ mara atọ , Sokoto bụ otu n'ime obodo kachasị ọkụ na Naịjirịa, agbanyeghị, okpomọkụ kachasị elu n'ehihie na-adịkarị n'okpuru iri anọ ihe ka ukwuu n'afọ, na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ na-eme ka okpomọkụ dị mma.[4] Ọnwa kachasị ọkụ bụ Febrụwarị ruo na ọnwa Eprel, ebe okpomọkụ ehihie nwere ike ịgafe °C. Iri Okpomọkụ kachasị elu e dekọrọ bụ °C. Iri. Oge mmiri ozuzo bụ site na Juunu ruo Ọktomba n'oge mmiri ozuzo na-eme kwa ụbọchị. Mmiri ozuzo anaghị adịte aka ma dị anya site na mmiri ozuzo a maara n'ọtụtụ mpaghara okpomọkụ. Site na ngwụcha Ọktọba ruo Febụwarị, n'oge 'oge oyi', ikuku oge ụgụrụ na-ebugharị uzuzu Sahara n'elu ala. Uzuzu ahụ na-eme ka ìhè anyanwụ dị nro, si otú a belata okpomọkụ nke ukwuu.
Ụzọ ndụ nke mpaghara ahụ maka ịzụlite ihe ọkụkụ bụ Ala mmiri nke usoro osimiri Sokoto-Rima, nke jupụtara na ala alluvil bara ọgaranya. Maka ndị ọzọ, ihe ọkụkụ a na-akụ na Sokoto gụnyere ọka, ọka Gini, agwa ma eleghị anya bụ ndị kasị baa ụba, na-esote ọka, osikapa, sesame, ọka ndị ọzọ na akwụkwọ nri dịka: yabasị, tomato, ose, ụgụ, letus, na kabeji.[4] Ewezuga ọka, Sokoto bụ isi na-emepụta yabasị na Naijiria, n'ihe gbasara ahịhịa, Sokoto dabara n'ime mpaghara savannah. Nke a bụ ala ahịhịa na-enweghị nnụnụ nke dị mma maka ịkọ ihe ọkụkụ na ịzụ anụmanụ. Mmiri ozuzo na-amalite n'oge ma na-agwụ n'oge na mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ dị n'etiti mm narị ise na mm Otu puku na narị atọ. E nwere oge abụọ dị mkpa na Sokoto, ya bụ mmiri na akọrọ. Oge ọkọchị na-amalite site n'ọnwa Ọktọba, ma na-adịgide ruo ọnwa Eprel n'akụkụ ụfọdụ ma nwee ike ịgbatị ruo ọnwa Mee ma ọ bụ ọnwa Juune n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ. Oge mmiri ozuzo n'aka nke ọzọ na-amalite n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke steeti ahụ na Mee ma na-adịgide ruo ọnwa Septemba, ma ọ bụ ọnwa Ọktoba. Ugụrụ, ikuku kpọrọ nkụ, oyi na uzuzu na-ahụ na steeti ahụ n'etiti ọnwa Nọvemba na Febụwarị. Okpomọkụ dị njọ na steeti ahụ na ọnwa Machị na Eprel. Mana ihu igwe na steeti ahụ na-ajụ oyi mgbe niile n'ụtụtụ ma na-ekpo ọkụ n'ehihie, ma e wezụga n'oge kachasị elu nke bụ ógè ụgụrụ.
Ala dị larịị nke dị n'ebe ugwu Naịjirịa jupụtara na steeti ahụ. Nnukwu ala a na-agba mmiri nke usoro Osimiri Sokoto-Rima na-ekewa ala dị larịị ma na-enye ala alluvia bara ọgaranya maka ọrụ ugbo dịgasị iche iche na steeti ahụ. E nwekwara ugwu na ugwu ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ gbasasịrị na steeti ahụ dum.
Ọganihu akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Climate data for Sokoto (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 32.1 (89.8) |
34.8 (94.6) |
38.6 (101.5) |
40.6 (105.1) |
39.0 (102.2) |
36.2 (97.2) |
32.8 (91.0) |
31.3 (88.3) |
32.8 (91.0) |
36.0 (96.8) |
36.1 (97.0) |
32.9 (91.2) |
35.3 (95.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.5 (76.1) |
27.1 (80.8) |
31.2 (88.2) |
33.7 (92.7) |
33.1 (91.6) |
30.9 (87.6) |
28.2 (82.8) |
27.2 (81.0) |
28.0 (82.4) |
29.7 (85.5) |
28.3 (82.9) |
25.3 (77.5) |
28.9 (84.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 16.9 (62.4) |
19.4 (66.9) |
23.8 (74.8) |
26.9 (80.4) |
27.3 (81.1) |
25.6 (78.1) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.1 (73.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
23.4 (74.1) |
20.5 (68.9) |
17.7 (63.9) |
22.6 (72.7) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.00) |
1.5 (0.06) |
4.8 (0.19) |
46.5 (1.83) |
80.0 (3.15) |
186.6 (7.35) |
200.5 (7.89) |
109.8 (4.32) |
17.2 (0.68) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
647 (25.47) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 14 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 47 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 24 | 19 | 21 | 34 | 50 | 62 | 76 | 83 | 80 | 64 | 36 | 27 | 48 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 288.3 | 268.4 | 275.9 | 255.0 | 272.8 | 279.0 | 229.4 | 186.0 | 237.0 | 303.8 | 300.0 | 300.7 | 3,196.3 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 9.3 | 9.5 | 8.9 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 9.3 | 7.4 | 6.0 | 7.9 | 9.8 | 10.0 | 9.7 | 8.8 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[1] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity, 1951–1965 and sun, 1952–1961)[2] | |||||||||||||
Shehu Usmanu Dan Fodiyo jiri Sokoto mee ihe n'oge ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1804 dị ka ebe nzukọ ya na Galadima, Vizier nke Yunfa. N'ikpeazụ, nwa ya nwoke Muhammad Bello jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ebe a na-eme mwakpo maka Dufua n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 1806. Bovil tụrụ aro na mpaghara maọbu mpaghara nwere ike ịbụ na a maara dị ka Sokoto na mmalite narị afọ nke iri na asaa. N'echiche akụkọ ihe mere eme, e guzobere Sokoto dị ka ribat ogige ndị agha ma ọ bụ ókèala) n'afọ 1809, mgbe Shehu Usmanu nọ na Sifawa. O mechara bụrụ isi obodo nke kalifatị mgbe Shehu nwụsịrị.
N'afọ 1820, Sokoto nọ n'ọganihu ya nke dabara na ike 'ndị ọchịchị' ya kachasị elu n'etiti kalifetị, na-enweta ụtụ kwa afọ site na feud niile tupu ogologo oge nke ọdịda. Onye na-eme nchọpụta Hugh Clapperton nke afọ 1827 nwere mmasị dị ukwuu na ọganihu a na mmetụta ya na obodo ahụ.
Clapperton kwuru na ọ dị mkpa maka gburugburu osimiri Sokoto karịa azụmahịa dị anya na akụ na ụba obodo ahụ. Mana ọrụ azụmaahịa na Sokoto dị ugbu a, n'ihi ọnọdụ nsogbu nke mba gbara ya gburugburu.
Ka ọ na-erule, oge onye nchọpụta Heinrich Barth rutere n'afọ1853, ndị mmadụ bi na Sokoto ole na ole ma mebie ya nke ukwuu. Barth n'afọ 1857 mere atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya dị naanị puku iri abụo rue puku iri abụo na abụọ, mana a ka na-enye ahịa ahụ ma na-aga ya, na mpaghara dịpụrụ adịpụ na-aga nke ọma na mpụga mgbidi ahụ dị egwu karịa Sokoto n'onwe ya.
Bovil kọwara Sokoto n'ụzọ ziri ezi dị ka ọnọdụ siri ike, nke nwere ugwu dị elu site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ na obere ndagwurugwu n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nakwa n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ iji chebe ya pụọ na mwakpo ndị agha ịnyịnya na-atụghị anya ya. Obodo a na-achịkwa ala dị larịị ebe osimiri abụọ, Rima na Sokoto na-ezute, ebe ụzọ si Gobir na ugwu, Kebbi na ndịda na Burmi Zamfara na ọwụwa anyanwụ.
Na mbido narị afọ nke iri na iteghete, e kewara obodo ahụ (Sokoto) na ngalaba. Ngalaba ndị dị otú ahụ gụnyere Ngalaba Magajin Gari, Ngalaba Waziri, Ngalaba Sarkin Musulmi, Ngalaba Sakin Adar, Ngalaba Magazin Rafi, na Ngalaba Sarkins Zamfara. N'oge a, ogige ndị ahụ dị obere ma nwee mgbidi gbara ya gburugburu, nke gụnyere ụlọ alakụba nke Sultan Bello na Shehu, Obí Sultan na ụlọ ndị ọzọ yana ogige Shehu.
N'afọ 1818, a gbatịrị mgbidi ahụ ruo n'ókè nke na o nwere ọnụ ụzọ ámá ndị na-abata ma na-apụ na mgbidi Birni. Ọnụ ụzọ ámá ndị dị otú ahụ bụ Kofar-Kade, Kofar-Cware, Kofar -Rini, Kofar "Dundaye", Kofar-Taramniya, Kofar (Aliyu Jedo), na Kofar-Marke.
Mpaghara nke Sokoto ugbu a bụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ alaeze ukwu na alaeze nke ọdịda anyanwụ Sudan tupu ọchịchị. Ndị a gụnyere alaeze Gobir na Kebbi yana kalifetị a ma ama n'ụwa nke isi obodo ime mmụọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ steeti ahụ.
Mgbe ndị Britain meriri kalifatị
n'afọ 1903, e mere ka akụkụ ya dị iche iche nwee onwe ha ma sonye na gọọmentị nke Northern Nigeria. N'ihi ya, mpaghara ugwu ahụ nwere akụkụ nke Sokoto caliphate na Kanem-Bornu Empire. Nke a gara n'ihu ruo na Jenụwarị afọ 1967 mgbe e guzobere steeti iji dochie gọọmentị mpaghara site na General Yakubu Gowon. Sokoto ghọrọ isi ụlọ ọrụ nke steeti ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke e guzobere n'afọ 1967. N'afọ 1976, mgbe e guzobere steeti Niger site na steeti ugwu ọdịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Sokoto nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ ya. Ma na Sokoto, e wepụrụ steeti Kebbi na Zamfara na Sokoto n'afọ 1991 n'afọ 1996 n'otu n'otu.[5]
Obodo ukwu Sokoto abụrụla isi obodo nke gọọmentị dị iche iche kemgbe kalifa Muhammad Bello guzobere ya n'afọ 1809. [6]
Ndị mmadụ na ọdịbendị
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Steeti Sokoto nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya nke nde mmadụ atọ mara asaa [7] dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 2006 nke nwere agbụrụ abụọ, Fulani Ndị Hausa.[8] Obodo Sokoto bụ isi obodo Sokoto steeti, nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ dị ihe dị ka nde abụọ na ọkara. Ewezuga ndị Fulani na ndị Hausa, e nwere ndị Zabarmawa na ndị Tuareg pere mpe na mpaghara ókèala gọọmentị. Ìgwè ndị a niile na-asụ Hausa dị ka asụsụ a na-asọpụta. Ndị Fulani na-asụ Fulfulde.
Ndị Hausa nọ na steeti ahụ bụ Gobirawa, Zamfarawa, Kabawa, Adarawa na Arawa. N'aka nke ọzọ ndị Fulani bụ ndị isi abụọ; obodo Fulani Hausa na ndị Nkịta. Nke mbụ gụnyere ndị Torankawa, ebo Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sullubawa na Zoramawa. Ndị Torankawa bụ klaasị aristokratik kemgbe afọ 1804.
Na omenala, steeti ahụ bụ otu. Ndị bi na steeti ahụ bụ ndị okpukpere Alakụba. Ụzọ ejiji ha si amalite bụkwa nke ndị okpukpere Alakụba. A na-eme emume abụọ dị mkpa, Eid-el-Fitri na Eid-el-Kabir na steeti ahụ kwa afọ. Nke mbụ na-egosi njedebe nke ibu ọnụ Ramadan, ebe nke ikpeazụ na-egosi igbu anụ atụrụ iji cheta omume nke onye amụma Islam Ibrahim bụ onye isi ndị Juu Abraham.
Ịgba mgba ọdịnala Kokawa na ịkụ ọkpọ Dambe bụ egwuregwu abụọ ndị Hausa na-enye obi ụtọ ebe ndị Fulani na Sullubawa na-eji Sharo na Doro eme onwe ha obi ụtọ. A na-emekarị ndị ọbịa dị mkpa na steeti ahụ na nnukwu ma ọ bụ obere durbar, ihe omume na-agụnye ngagharị nke ịnyịnya na kamel ndị a chọrọ mma nke ukwuu nke ndị ikom na-eyi uwe agha na ọdịnala zuru oke.
Mmetọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ndị mmadụ nọ na Sokoto nọ n'ihe ize ndụ siri ike maka nsogbu ahụike siri ike n'ihi uzuzu ikuku, nke nwere ike ịkpata ọnọdụ akpa ume ma mee ka ọnụọgụ ọnwụ dịkwuo elu, ọkachasị site na ihe kpatara obi. [9] [10][11]
Ihe karịrị pasent iri asatọ nke ndị bi na Sokoto na-arụ otu ụdị ọrụ ugbo ma ọ bụ ọzọ. Ha na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ dị ka millet, ọka gini, ọka, osikapa, jinwannu, akpụ, ahuekere agwa wdg maka ndụ ma na-emepụta ọka wit, ogho na akwụkwọ nri maka ego. Ọrụ aka dị n'ógbè ahụ dị ka ịkpụ ihe, ịkpa ákwà, ite ákwà na ọrụ akpụkpọ anụ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa na ndụ akụ na ụba nke ndị Sokoto; n'ihi ya, ebe dị iche iche dị ka Makera, Marina, Takalmawa na Majema ghọrọ ihe dị mkpa. Sokoto bụkwa otu n'ime ebe ndị na-emepụta azụ na mba ahụ. N'ihi ya, ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị mmadụ nọ n'akụkụ osimiri ahụ na-egbu azụ.
Sokoto nwere ihe ndị sitere n'okike na ihe ndị dị n'ime ala. Agro jikọtara ụlọ ọrụ na-eji ogho, ahuekere, sọghum, gọm, ọka, osikapa, ọka wit, okpete, akpụ, gọm Arabic na ụtaba dị ka ihe ndị a na-emepụta n'ógbè ahụ. A pụkwara ịrụ ọrụ ugbo buru ibu na steeti ahụ site na iji mmiri ịgba mmiri site na ọdọ mmiri Goronyo, Lugu, Kalmalo, Wammakko na Kwakwazo na ndị ọzọ.
Ihe onwunwe ndị dị ka kaolin, gypsum, nkume nzu, laterite, red mills, phosphate ma odo ma akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ụrọ ndò, ájá wdg, dị n'ọtụtụ ahịa. Enwere ike iguzobe ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị a na steeti ahụ.
Enweghị arụrụ ijiji n'ala ahịhịa na-aba uru ma anụ ọhịa ma anụ ụlọ. Sokoto bụ nke abụọ na mmepụta anụ ụlọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ anụmanụ nke mba ahụ nke karịrị nde asatọ.
Ọnụnọ nke ikike akụ na ụba ndị a na-enye ezigbo ohere itinye ego, ọkachasị na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ ugbo dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ntụ ọka, nhazi tomato, refining shuga, akwa, mgbaaka, tanning, tanking azụ, wdg.
Ụgbọ njem
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Sokoto enweghị usoro njem ọha na eze. Njem n'ime obodo (mgbe ọ bụghị site na ụkwụ) na-abụkarị site na mopeds nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka otu onye tagzi na mgbe ụfọdụ tricycles na-ebu ndị mmadụ site n'otu ebe gaa na nke ọzọ; nke a na-enye ohere maka ibu ihe karịrị otu onye n'otu oge ka na ọnụahịa dị ọnụ ala dị ka mopeds. Bọs na tagzi anaghị adịkarị, a na-ejikarị ha eme njem n'etiti obodo.
N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama maka mpaghara ebe ihe na-erughị pacenti abụọ nke ụmụ agbọghọ na-agụsị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, e guzobere ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala ụmụ nwanyị niile n'obodo Sokoto iji zụọ ụmụ agbọghọ na mmezi ụgbọala. Nke Nana: Girls and Women Empowerment Initiative guzobere, ebe a na-azụ ụmụ nwanyị iri abụo na ise na nkwado nke ndị isi Alakụba.[12]
kilomita iri n'ebe ndịda Sokoto, e nwere ọdụ ụgbọ elu mba ụwa nwere njikọ mgbe niile na Abuja, Kano na Legosị.
Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Climate data for Sokoto (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 32.1 (89.8) |
34.8 (94.6) |
38.6 (101.5) |
40.6 (105.1) |
39.0 (102.2) |
36.2 (97.2) |
32.8 (91.0) |
31.3 (88.3) |
32.8 (91.0) |
36.0 (96.8) |
36.1 (97.0) |
32.9 (91.2) |
35.3 (95.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.5 (76.1) |
27.1 (80.8) |
31.2 (88.2) |
33.7 (92.7) |
33.1 (91.6) |
30.9 (87.6) |
28.2 (82.8) |
27.2 (81.0) |
28.0 (82.4) |
29.7 (85.5) |
28.3 (82.9) |
25.3 (77.5) |
28.9 (84.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 16.9 (62.4) |
19.4 (66.9) |
23.8 (74.8) |
26.9 (80.4) |
27.3 (81.1) |
25.6 (78.1) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.1 (73.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
23.4 (74.1) |
20.5 (68.9) |
17.7 (63.9) |
22.6 (72.7) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.00) |
1.5 (0.06) |
4.8 (0.19) |
46.5 (1.83) |
80.0 (3.15) |
186.6 (7.35) |
200.5 (7.89) |
109.8 (4.32) |
17.2 (0.68) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
647 (25.47) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 14 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 47 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 24 | 19 | 21 | 34 | 50 | 62 | 76 | 83 | 80 | 64 | 36 | 27 | 48 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 288.3 | 268.4 | 275.9 | 255.0 | 272.8 | 279.0 | 229.4 | 186.0 | 237.0 | 303.8 | 300.0 | 300.7 | 3,196.3 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 9.3 | 9.5 | 8.9 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 9.3 | 7.4 | 6.0 | 7.9 | 9.8 | 10.0 | 9.7 | 8.8 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[1] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity, 1951–1965 and sun, 1952–1961)[2] | |||||||||||||
N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2008, a bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta maka iwu ụlọ ọrụ simenti na Sokoto, a meghere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'afọ 2022.[13]
Ime obodo
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Obodo mepere emepe nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme na Hausaland. Usoro a malitere mgbe ụfọdụ mpaghara atụmatụ nke Hausaland mepụtara site na Kauyuka ruo Birane. Ma otu n'ime isi ihe si na jihadist pụta bụ ọsọ nke ihe omume a ọ bụghị naanị na Hausaland kamakwa n'ebe niile gọọmentị caliphate metụtara. Obodo ọhụrụ bilitere ma birane ochie banyere n'oge uto a na-ahụtụbeghị mbụ, ụfọdụ dị ka ebe ọhụrụ nke ọrụ azụmahịa, ndị ọzọ dị ka isi obodo Emirate na ebe nchịkwa na azụmahịa.
Otu n'ime akụkụ nke ime obodo n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke caliphate Sokoto malitere site na nguzobe obodo Sokoto isi ụlọ ọrụ kalifetị. N'oge prejihad, mpaghara dị n'etiti Alaeze Gobir na Kebbi bụ mpaghara a na-akpọkarị "ala ndị na-akwagharị akwagharị". Mana site na ihe ịga nke ọma nke jihad nke Shehu usmau dan Fodiyo (1804-1808) na mmeri nke ndị jihadist na-esote na ndị ọchịchị nke Hausaland, Muhammad Bello wuru obodo Sokoto (isi ụlọ ọrụ nke caliphate).Ọzọkwa, dị ka Abdul-Razaq Shehu kwuru n'akwụkwọ ya Sakkwato Birnin Shehu), Muhammad Bello chepụtara obodo Sokoto na akwụkwọ ọbụna tupu e wuo ya. Bello, nwa Sheikh, so na ndị na-esote nna ya na ndị isi agha. Ọ lụrụ agha kachasị ike na nke kachasị ogologo ma bụrụkwa onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke caliphate Sokoto Birnin Shehu.
Obodo Sokoto dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Muhammad Bello si chepụta nwere ihe niile e ji mara obodo ọ bụla nke oge a gụnyere okporo ụzọ, àkwà mmiri, ahịa, ganuwa ebe mgbochi siri ike nke obodo yana ebe nchịkwa na azụmahịa. N'etiti ebe nchịkwa nke Muhammad Bello mere bụ Kanwuri, Binanchi, Galadanci, Alkalanci, Dogarawa na ihe ndị ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, ewezuga ahịa etiti a maara nke ọma dị ka Yardole, ebe azụmahịa ndị ọzọ Muhammad Bello mepụtara gụnyere Makera, Madinka, Marina, Siriddawa, Takalmawa, Runji na Jirgawa. Na mgbakwunye, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, ọ dịghị obodo dị na pre-jihad ma ọ bụ narị afọ nke iri na itoolu nke Hausaland nwere ike ịzụlite ghọọ obodo ukwu na-enweghị mgbidi dị irè (ganuwa). E wuru nke a na ọtụtụ ebe siri ike dị ka Kofar Aliyu Jedo, Kofar Dundaye, Kofar Marke, Kofar Rini, Kofar Kware, na Kofar Taramniya, na mmepe a dị mkpa dọtara ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ ịkwaga n'obodo ha n'obodo Sokoto maka ndụ.
Site n'ihe a hụrụ n'elu banyere otu kaliph Muhammad Bello si mepụta obodo Sokoto anyị ga-ahụ na Sokoto hụrụ ọtụtụ ndị mbịarambịa nwere mmasị n'ọrụ akpụkpọ anụ, ite wdg. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụfọdụ n'ime ndị a na-etinye aka na azụmahịa nke ịkpụ ihe ma ọ bụ na azụmahịa ndị ọzọ metụtara ya dị ka Makera Assada. E nwere ndị na-eme njem n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke Naịjirịa ugbu a na ọbụna na mba ndị gbara ya gburugburu ịzụta ihe ndị mebiri emebi dị ka ụgbọala, ụgbọala, gwongworo, ụgbọelu wdg. paịpụ ígwè, na tankị mmanụ iji kụwaa ha ma ree ha maka onye ọ bụla chọrọ itinye ha n'ọrụ ma ọ bụ gbanwee ha ka ha bụrụ ngwaahịa ọzọ.
Nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mgbanwe ihu igwe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'ihi na Sokoto na obodo ukwu ndị gbara ya gburugburu adịlarị nso na mpaghara kpọrọ nkụ nke na-enwe ọzara, obodo ahụ enweela mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe.[14] Nnyocha nke afọ 2018 banyere mmetụta obodo ahụ nwere ike inwe, buru amụma na ọ ga-ebelata mmepụta ugbo, uto osisi na ụkọ mmiri na mpaghara gbara obodo ahụ gburugburu, na-emetụta nchekwa nri ma na-emepụta ihe ịma aka nchekwa ego.[14]
Ndị ama ama
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Attahiru Bafarawa (Gọvanọ nke Sokoto Steeti n'oge gara aga)
- Sir Ahmadu Bello (Sardauna nke Sokoto)
- Mohammed Maigari Dingyadi (onye bụbu Minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara ndị uwe ojii na Naịjirịa)
- Shehu Shagari (onye bụbu onye isi ala nke Federal Mba nke Naijiria)
- Aminu Tambuwal (Onye bụbu onye isi oche nke ụlọ ndị nnọchi anya na onye bụbu Gọvanọ nke Sokoto Steeti)
- Senator Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko (Gọvanọ nke Sokoto Steeti n'oge gara aga)
- Ahmad Aliyu, (Gọvanọ nke Sokoto site n'afọ 2023)
- Sa'adu Abubakar (Sultan nke Sokoto)
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Caliphate nke Sokoto
- Usman dan Fodio
- Cement n'Africa
- Makera Assada
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Abubakar, S. Aspect of Urban Phenomenon, Sokoto na ime obodo ya, 1950.
- Crowder, M. Akụkọ nke Nigeria, London, 1962.
- Bovil, E.W. The Golden Trade of the Moors, London,1963.
- Johston, H.A.S. Alaeze Ukwu Fulani nke Sokoto, London, 1968.
- Balogun, I.A.B. Ndụ na Ọrụ nke Uthman Danfodiyo, Ibadan 1981.
- Gọọmentị Steeti Sokoto Dairy 2002, Ministry of Information, Youth, Sports and Culture, Sokoto.
- Jibril, Y.H. Nkà ihe ọmụma n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta Sokoto, Benchmark Publishers, Kano Nigeria, 2004.
- (2007) "Sokoto", in Bosworth, C. Edmund: Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill.
- Mary Wren Bivins Akụkọ na-akọ, na-eme akụkọ ihe mere eme: ụmụ nwanyị, okwu, na Islam na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu na Hausaland na Sokoto Caliphate (Portsmouth, NH, Heinemann, 2007) (Social History of Africa).
- Tsoho U.H. Uto na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nguzobe Makera Assada na Sokoto Metropolis ruo n'afọ 2007/2008 B.A. oru ngo, Ngalaba Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme, Usmanu Danfodiyo Mahadum Sokoto.
- Boyi, U.M. Tanziynul Waraqat, Hausa Translation of Abdullahi ibn Fodiyo work.
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 World Weather Information Service – Sokoto. World Meteorological Organization.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Klimatafel von Sokoto / Nigeria (de). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world. Deutscher Wetterdienst.
- ↑ Sokoto | Map, Population, & Facts | Britannica (en). www.britannica.com (2023-07-07). Retrieved on 2023-08-04.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 A Brief History and Geography of Sokoto State. Retrieved on 7 April 2007.
- ↑ History of Sokoto - Official Website of Sokoto State Government (en-US) (2021-12-29). Retrieved on 2023-07-15.
- ↑ Brief History of Sokoto State :: Nigeria Information & Guide. www.nigeriagalleria.com. Retrieved on 2023-07-15.
- ↑ Yusuf Akinpelu. In Sokoto, Taraba, Jigawa, about nine in ten people are poor – NBS. www.premiumtimesng.com. Retrieved on 2023-06-10.
- ↑ Mayaki (2017). "Retrospective study of equine cases at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital". Nigeria Vet. Journal 38: 208–214.
- ↑ Air Quality & Pollen Forecast for Sokoto (en). meteoblue. Retrieved on 2023-09-23.
- ↑ Sokoto Air Quality Index (AQI) and Nigeria Air Pollution | IQAir (en). www.iqair.com (2023-09-22). Retrieved on 2023-09-23.
- ↑ Air Quality and Pollen in Sokoto, Nigeria | Tomorrow.io (en). Tomorrow.io Weather. Retrieved on 2023-09-23.
- ↑ Jamiu. "Driving change: the all-female garage shifting attitudes in northern Nigeria", The Guardian, 12 January 2022. Retrieved on 21 June 2023.
- ↑ Release (2022-01-27). Buhari inaugurates BUA's new cement plant in Sokoto (en-GB). Premium Times Nigeria. Retrieved on 2022-10-06.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 (July 2018) "Climate Change Manifestations and Impacts in The Sokoto Close-Settled Zone, Northwestern Nigeria". Akademika 88 (2): 21–34.