100 ụdị anụmanụ ndị a na-eyi egwu n'ụwa
[1] World's 100 Most Threatened species bụ nchịkọta nke anụmanụ, osisi, na fungi kacha yie egwu n'ụwa. Ọ bụ nsonaazụ nke mmekorita n'etiti ihe karịrị ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị 8,000 sitere na International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission (IUCN SSC), tinyere Zoological Society nke London.[2] Zoological Society nke London bipụtara akụkọ ahụ na 2012 dị ka akwụkwọ, Priceless or Worthless?[3]
Ọ bụ ezie na ụdị niile dị na ndepụta ahụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke mkpochapụ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị họọrọ ha nwere ụkpụrụ ọzọ: ụdị niile enweghị uru doro anya maka ụmụ mmadụ ya mere ụmụ mmadụ enweghị ọdịmma ha na-anwa ịzọpụta ha. Ụdị ihe ngosi na nke na-adọrọ mmasị, dị ka agụ na pandas - tinyere ụdị dị mkpa na akụ na ụba - nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-agbachitere, ebe ụdị ndị a "na-abaghị uru" enweghị nke ọ bụla. Aha akụkọ ahụ, "Ọ dịghị ọnụ ahịa ma ọ bụ na-abaghị uru?", dabeere na àgwà nke ụdị ahụ.[4] Onye so dee akụkọ ahụ, Ellen Butcher, kwuru otu n'ime ụkpụrụ nduzi nke ndepụta ahụ, "Ọ bụrụ na anyị mee ihe ozugbo anyị nwere ike inye ha ohere ịlụ ọgụ maka ndụ. Mana nke a chọrọ ka ọha mmadụ kwado ọnọdụ omume na omume ọma nke ụdị niile nwere ikike ebumpụta ụwa ịdị adị.[1][5]
E wepụtara akụkọ ahụ na Jeju, South Korea, na Septemba 11, 2012, na nzukọ anọ nke IUCN, World Conservation Congress. Na Congress, a kọrọ na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ahụkarị ka ha ga-akwado ego maka ichebe ụdị site n'igosi ihe uru mmadụ ga-abụ. Jonathan Baillie, nke Zoological Society nke London na onye so dee akụkọ ahụ, kwuru na, "Ndị na-enye onyinye na ndị na-echekwa ihe na-adabere na 'gịnị ka okike nwere ike ime anyị?' ụzọ, ebe a na-eji ụdị na ebe obibi ọhịa akpọrọ ihe ma na-ebute ụzọ dịka ọrụ ndị a ha nyere ndị mmadụ. Nke a emeela ka o sie ike maka ndị na-echekwa ihe iji chebe ụdị ndị kachasị egwu na mbara ala. "[4]
Ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị ndị a na-eyi egwu bụ naanị mmadụ ole na ole dị ndụ. Ezì guinea nke Santa Catarina, nke a mụrụ n'otu agwaetiti dị na Brazil, gbadatara na mmadụ 40-60 ikpeazụ ya, belatara site na ịchụ nta na nsogbu ebe obibi. Nnukwu anụ ọhịa India na-eyi egwu site na mmebi ebe obibi nke sitere na ọrụ ugbo na mmepe mmadụ, ma gbadaa na mmadụ 50-249 ikpeazụ.[6] Elaeocarpus bojeri, osisi na-agbasa okooko osisi nke a na-ahụ naanị n'àgwàetiti Mauritius, nwere ihe na-erughị mmadụ 10 dị ndụ, n'ihi ọnwụ nke ebe obibi. Baishan fir (Abies beshanzuensis), nke a mụrụ na China, ruru mmadụ ise tozuru etozu. "Ọ bụ ọnụ ala na-abaghị uru?" na-akọwa egwu nke ụdị ọ bụla na-eche ihu, yana usoro ga-enyere ha aka ịdị ndụ.[3]
Ndepụta ụdị
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Species | Common name | Type | Image | Location(s) | Estimated population | Threats |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abies beshanzuensis | Baishan fir | Plant (Tree) | Baishanzu Mountain, Zhejiang, China | Five mature individuals |
| |
Actinote zikani | Insect (butterfly) | Near São Paulo, Atlantic forest, Brazil | Unknown |
| ||
Aipysurus foliosquama | Leaf scaled sea-snake | Reptile | Ashmore Reef and Hibernia Reef, Timor Sea | Unknown |
| |
Amanipodagrion gilliesi | Amani flatwing | Insect (damselfly) | Amani-Sigi Forest, Usamabara Mountains, Tanzania | < 500 individuals |
| |
Anisolabis seychellensis | Insect | Morne Blanc, Mahé island, Seychelles | Unknown |
| ||
Antilophia bokermanni | Araripe manakin | Bird | Chapado do Araripe, South Ceará, Brazil | 779 individuals |
| |
Aphanius transgrediens | Aci Göl toothcarp | Fish | south-eastern shore of former Lake Aci, Turkey | few hundred pairs |
| |
Aproteles bulmerae | Bulmer's fruit bat | Mammal | Luplupwintern Cave, Western Province, Papua New Guinea | 150 |
| |
Ardea insignis | White bellied heron | Bird | Bhutan, North East India and Myanmar | 70–400 individuals |
| |
Ardeotis nigriceps | Great Indian bustard | Bird | Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Madhya, India | 50–249 mature individuals |
| |
Astrochelys yniphora | Ploughshare tortoise | Reptile | Baly Bay region, northwestern Madagascar | 440–770 |
| |
Atelopus balios | Rio Pescado stubfoot toad | Amphibian | Azuay, Cañar and Guyas provinces, south-western Ecuador | Unknown |
| |
Aythya innotata | Madagascar pochard | Bird | volcanic lakes north of Bealanana, Madagascar | 80 mature individuals |
| |
Azurina eupalama | Galapagos damsel fish | Fish | Unknown | Unknown |
| |
Bahaba taipingensis | Giant yellow croaker | Fish | Chinese coast from Yangtze River, China to Hong Kong | Unknown |
| |
Batagur baska | Common batagur | Reptile (turtle) | Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia and Malaysia | Unknown |
| |
Bazzania bhutanica | Plant | Budini and Lafeti Khola, Bhutan | 2 sub-populations |
| ||
Beatragus hunteri | Hirola | Mammal (antelope) | South-east Kenya and possibly south-west Somalia | < 1,000 individuals |
| |
Bombus franklini | Franklin's bumblebee | Insect (bee) | Oregon and California | Unknown |
| |
Brachyteles hypoxanthus | Northern muriqui Woolly spider monkey |
Mammal (primate) | Atlantic forest, south-eastern Brazil | < 1,000 |
| |
Bradypus pygmaeus | Pygmy three-toed sloth | Mammal | Isla Escudo de Veraguas, Panama | < 500 |
| |
Callitriche pulchra | Plant (freshwater) | pool on Gavdos, Greece | Unknown |
| ||
Calumma tarzan | Tarzan's chameleon | Reptile | Anosibe An'Ala region, eastern Madagascar | < 100 |
| |
Cavia intermedia | Santa Catarina's guinea pig | Mammal (rodent) | Moleques do Sul Island, Santa Catarina, Brazil | 40–60 |
| |
Cercopithecus roloway | Roloway guenon | Mammal (primate) | Côte d'Ivoire | Unknown |
| |
Coleura seychellensis | Seychelles sheath-tailed bat | Mammal (bat) | Two small caves on Silhouette and Mahé, Seychelles | < 100 |
| |
Cryptomyces maximus | Willow blister | Fungi | Pembrokeshire, United Kingdom | Unknown |
| |
Cryptotis nelsoni | Nelson's small-eared shrew | Mammal (shrew) | Volcán San Martín Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico | Unknown |
| |
Cyclura collei | Jamaican iguana Jamaican rock iguana |
Reptile | Hellshire Hills, Jamaica | Unknown |
| |
Daubentonia Madagascariensis | Aye-aye | Mammal (primate) | Deciduous forest, East Madagascar | Unknown |
| |
Dendrophylax fawcettii | Cayman Islands ghost orchid | Plant (orchid) | Ironwood Forest, George Town, Grand Cayman | Unknown |
| |
Dicerorhinus sumatrensis | Sumatran rhino | Mammal (rhino) | Sabah, Sarawak and Peninsular Malaysia, Kalimantan and Sumatra, Indonesia | < 100 |
| |
Diomedea amsterdamensis | Amsterdam albatross | Bird | Breeds on Plateuau des Tourbières, Amsterdam Island, Indian Ocean. | 100 mature individuals |
| |
Dioscorea strydomiana | Wild yam | Plant | Oshoek area, Mpumalanga, South Africa | 200 |
| |
Diospyros katendei | Plant (tree) | Kasyoha-Kitomi Forest Reserve, Uganda | 20 individuals in a single population |
| ||
Dipterocarpus lamellatus | Plant (tree) | Siangau Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia | 12 individuals |
| ||
Discoglossus nigriventer | Hula painted frog | Amphibian | Hula Valley, Israel | Unknown |
| |
Dombeya mauritiana | Plant | Mauritius | Unknown |
| ||
Elaeocarpus bojeri | Bois Dentelle | Plant (tree) | Grand Bassin, Mauritius | < 10 individuals |
| |
Eleutherodactylus glandulifer | La Hotte glanded frog | Amphibian | Massif de la Hotte, Haiti | Unknown |
| |
Eleutherodactylus thorecetes | Macaya breast-spot frog | Amphibian | Formon and Macaya peaks, Masif de la Hotte, Haiti | Unknown |
| |
Eriosyce chilensis | Chilenito (cactus) | Plant | Pta Molles and Pichidungui, Chile | < 500 individuals |
| |
Erythrina schliebenii | Coral tree | Plant | Namatimbili-Ngarama Forest, Tanzania | < 50 individuals |
| |
Euphorbia tanaensis | Plant (tree) | Witu Forest Reserve, Kenya | 4 mature individuals |
| ||
Eurynorhyncus pygmeus | Spoon-billed sandpiper | Bird | Breeds in Russia, migrates along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway to wintering grounds in India, Bangladesh and Myanmar | 100 breeding pairs |
| |
Ficus katendei | Plant | Kasyoha-Kitomi Forest Reserve, Ishasha River, Uganda | < 50 mature individuals |
| ||
Geronticus eremita | Northern bald ibis | Bird | Breeds in Morocco, Turkey and Syria. Syrian population winters in
central Ethiopia. |
about 3000 individuals |
| |
Gigasiphon macrosiphon | Plant (flower) | Kaya Muhaka, Gongoni and Mrima Forest Reserves, Kenya, Amani Nature Reserve, West Kilombero Scarp Forest Reserve, and Kihansi Gorge, Tanzania | 33 |
| ||
Gocea ohridana | Mollusc | Lake Ohrid, Macedonia | Unknown |
| ||
Heleophryne rosei | Table mountain ghost frog | Amphibian | Table Mountain, Western Cape Province, South Africa | Unknown |
| |
Hemicycla paeteliana | Mollusc (land snail) | Jandia peninsula, Fuerteventura, Canary Islands | Unknown |
| ||
Heteromirafa sidamoensis | Liben lark | Bird | Liben Plains, southern Ethiopia | 90–256 |
| |
Hibiscadelphus woodii | Plant (tree) | Kalalau Valley, Hawaii | Unknown |
| ||
Hucho perryi | Sakhalin taimen | Fish | Russian and Japanese rivers, Pacific Ocean between Russia and Japan | Unknown |
| |
Johora singaporensis | Singapore freshwater crab | Crustacean | Bukit Timah Nature Reserve and streamlet near Bukit Batok, Singapore | Unknown |
| |
Lathyrus belinensis | Belin vetchling | Plant | Outskirts of Belin village, Antalya, Turkey | < 1,000 |
| |
Leiopelma archeyi | Archey's frog | Amphibian | Coromandel peninsula and Whareorino Forest, New Zealand | Unknown |
| |
Lithobates sevosus | Dusky gopher frog | Amphibian | Harrison County, Mississippi, USA | 60–100 |
| |
Lophura edwardsi | Edwards's pheasant | Bird | Quang Binh, Quang Tri and Thua Thien-Hue, Viet Nam | Unknown |
| |
Magnolia wolfii | Plant (tree) | Risaralda, Colombia | 3 |
| ||
Margaritifera marocana | Mollusc | Oued Denna, Oued Abid and Oued Beth, Morocco | < 250 |
| ||
Moominia willii | Mollusc (snail) | Silhouette Island, Seychelles | < 500 |
| ||
Natalus primus | Cuban greater funnel eared bat | Mammal (bat) | Cueva La Barca, Isle of Pines, Cuba | < 100 |
| |
Nepenthes attenboroughii | Attenborough's pitcher plant | Plant | Mount Victoria, Palawan, Philippines | Unknown |
| |
Nomascus hainanus | Hainan black crested gibbon | Mammal (primate) | Hainan Island, China | 20 |
| |
Neurergus kaiseri | Luristan newt | Amphibian | Zagros Mountains, Lorestan, Iran | < 1,000 |
| |
Oreocnemis phoenix | Mulanje red damsel | Insect (damselfly) | Mulanje Plateau, Malawi | Unknown |
| |
Pangasius sanitwongsei | Pangasid catfish | Fish | Chao Phraya and Mekong basins in Cambodia, China, Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam | Unknown |
| |
Parides burchellanus | Insect (butterfly) | Cerrado, Brazil | < 100 |
| ||
Phocoena sinus | Vaquita | Mammal (porpoise) | Northern Gulf of California, Mexico | 12[7] |
| |
Picea neoveitchii | Type of spruce tree | Plant (tree) | Qinling Range, China | Unknown |
| |
Pinus squamata | Qiaojia pine | Plant (tree) | Qiaojia, Yunnan, China | < 25 |
| |
Poecilotheria metallica | Gooty tarantula Metallic tarantula Peacock tarantula Salepurgu |
Spider | Nandyal and Giddalur, Andhra Pradesh, India | Unknown |
| |
Pomarea whitneyi | Fatuhiva monarch | Bird | Fatu Hiva, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia | 50 |
| |
Pristis pristis | Common sawfish | Fish | Coastal tropical and subtropical waters of Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Currently largely restricted to northern Australia | Unknown |
| |
Hapalemur simus | Greater bamboo lemur | Mammal (primate) | Southeastern and southcentral rainforests of Madagascar | 500 |
| |
Propithecus candidus | Silky sifaka | Mammal (primate) | Maroantsetra to Andapa basin, and Marojeju Massif, Madagascar | 100–1,000 |
| |
Psammobates geometricus | Geometric tortoise | Reptile | Usòrò:GeometricTortoise.gif | Western Cape Province, South Africa | Unknown |
|
Pseudoryx nghetinhensis | Saola | Mammal | Annamite mountains, on the Viet Nam - PDR Laos border | Unknown |
| |
Psiadia cataractae | Plant | Mauritius | Unknown |
| ||
Psorodonotus ebneri | Beydaglari bush-cricket | Insect | Beydaglari range, Antalaya, Turkey | Unknown |
| |
Rafetus swinhoei | Red River giant softshell turtle | Reptile | Hoan Kiem Lake and Dong Mo Lake, Viet Nam, and Suzhou Zoo, China | 3 |
| |
Rhinoceros sondaicus | Javan rhino | Mammal (rhino) | Ujung Kulon National Park, Java, Indonesia | < 100 |
| |
Rhinopithecus avunculus | Tonkin snub-nosed monkey | Mammal (primate) | Northeastern Vietnam | < 200 |
| |
Rhizanthella gardneri | West Australian underground orchid | Plant (orchid) | Western Australia, Australia | < 100 |
| |
Rhynchocyon spp. | Boni giant sengi | Mammal (shrew) | Boni-Dodori Forest, Lamu area, Kenya | Unknown |
| |
Risiocnemis seidenschwarzi | Cebu frill-wing | Insect (damselfly) | Rivulet beside the Kawasan River, Cebu, Philippines | Unknown |
| |
Rosa arabica | Plant | St Katherine Mountains, Egypt | Unknown, 10 sub-populations |
| ||
Salanoia durrelli | Durrell's vontsira | Mammal (mongoose) | Marshes of Lake Alaotra, Madagascar | Unknown |
| |
Santamartamys rufodorsalis | Red crested tree rat | Mammal (rodent) | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia | Unknown |
| |
Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnis | Red-finned blue-eye | Fish | Edgbaston Station, central western Queensland, Australia | 2,000–4,000 |
| |
Squatina squatina | Angel shark | Fish | Canary Islands | Unknown |
| |
Sterna bernsteini | Chinese crested tern | Bird | Breeding in Zhejiang and Fujian, China. Outside breeding season in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand. | < 50 |
| |
Syngnathus watermeyeri | Estuarine pipefish | Fish | Kariega Estuary to East Kleinemonde Estuary, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa | Unknown |
| |
Tahina spectabilis | Suicide palm Dimaka |
Plant | Analalava district, north-western Madagascar | 90 |
| |
Telmatobufo bullocki | Bullock's false toad | Amphibian (frog) | Nahuelbuta, Arauco Province, Chile | Unknown |
| |
Tokudaia muenninki | Okinawa spiny rat | Mammal (rodent) | Okinawa Island, Japan | Unknown |
| |
Trigonostigma somphongsi | Somphongs's rasbora | Fish | Mae Khlong basin, Thailand | Unknown |
| |
Valencia letourneuxi | Fish | Southern Albania and Western Greece | Unknown |
| ||
Voanioala gerardii | Forest coconut | Plant | Masoala peninsula, Madagascar | < 10 |
| |
Zaglossus attenboroughi | Attenborough's echidna | Mammal | Cyclops Mountains, Papua Province, Indonesia | Unknown |
|
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- 25 Primates Kasị Egwu n'Ụwa
- Ndepụta nke ihe ndị dị ndụ site na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Report lists world's 100 most threatened species, urges action", The Globe and Mail, 11 September 2012. Retrieved on 17 September 2012.
- ↑ The 100 most threatened species. ZSL Living Conservation. The Zoological Society of London. Archived from the original on 14 September 2012. Retrieved on 16 September 2012.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Baillie (2012). Priceless or Worthless?. Zoological Society of London. ISBN 978-0-900881-67-1. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "PorW" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Harvey. "The expendables? World's 100 most endangered species listed", The Guardian, 10 September 2012. Retrieved on 17 September 2012. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Guardian" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Kew Magazine stated that, "A strong and consistent moral and ethical stance needs to be taken, they (the authors of The List) argue, that all species have a right to exist." Harrison. Every species counts. Kew Magazine Blog. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved on 19 September 2012.
- ↑ The Best Argument for Saving Threatened Species That Do Not Benefit Humans. Smithsonian.com. Smithsonian Institution (12 September 2012). Retrieved on 17 September 2012.
- ↑ Hoffner. "Only 12 vaquita porpoises remain, watchdog group reports", Mongabay. Retrieved on 14 September 2018.
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Kọmịshọna ịlanarị IUCN Species