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Sisa radioaktif

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Semakan 4630310 pada 03:00, 27 Ogos 2019 oleh Fandi89 (bincang | sumb.) (→‎Pautan luar)

Sisa radioaktif ialah sisa yang mengandungi bahan radioaktif. Sisa radioaktif kebiasaannya produk oleh penjanaan tenaga nuklear dan aplikasi lain pembelahan nukleus atau teknologi nuklear, seperti penyelidikan dan perubatan. Sisa radioaktif berbahaya kepada kebanyakan bentuk kehidupan dan alam sekitar, dan dikawal oleh agensi-agensi kerajaan untuk melindungi kesihatan manusia dan alam sekitar.

Keradioaktifan secara semula jadi mereput dari masa ke masa, maka sisa radioaktif perlu diasingkan dan ditahan di kemudahan pelupusan yang sesuai bagi tempoh masa yang mencukupi sehingga ia tidak lagi menimbulkan ancaman. Tempoh masa sisa radioaktif mesti disimpan bergantung kepada jenis bahan buangan dan isotop radioaktif. It can range from a few days for very short-lived isotopes to millions of years if one chooses to waste the unspent portions of "spent nuclear fuel". Current major approaches to managing radioactive waste have been segregation and storage for short-lived waste, near-surface disposal for low and some intermediate level waste, and deep burial or partitioning / transmutation for the high-level waste.

Ringkasan jumlah sisa dan pengurusan radioaktif pendekatan bagi negara-negara yang paling maju dibentangkan dan disemak secara berkala sebagai sebahagian daripada Agensi Tenaga Atom Antarabangsa (IAEA) Konvensyen Bersama mengenai Keselamatan Pengurusan Bahan Api Belanja dan mengenai Keselamatan Pengurusan Sisa Radioaktif.[1]

Rujukan

  1. ^ "The Joint Convention" [Konvensyen Bersama] (dalam bahasa Inggeris).

Bacaan lanjut

  • Alley, W.M. & Alley, R. (2013) Too hot to touch: The problem of high-level nuclear waste. Cambridge University Press, New York, 370 pp.
  • Babu, B.V., and S. Karthik, Energy Education Science and Technology, 2005, 14, 93–102. An overview of waste from the nuclear fuel cycle.
  • Bedinger, M.S. (1989). Geohydrologic aspects for siting and design of low-level radioactive-waste disposal [U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1034]. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.
  • Fentiman, Audeen W. and James H. Saling. Radioactive Waste Management. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2002. Second ed.
  • Hamblin, Jacob Darwin (2008). Poison in the Well: Radioactive Waste in the Oceans at the Dawn of the Nuclear Age. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Hewitt, Robin (1985). Outer Space: the Easy Way Out?, Sierra Club Radioactive Waste Campaign, N.Y., NY, 1985. ([1]).
  • Marshall, Alan (2005) The Social and Ethical Aspects of Nuclear Waste, Electronic Green Journal 21, 1.
  • Marshall, Alan. (2005) Questioning the Motivations for International Repositories for Nuclear Waste Global Environmental Politics, Volume 5, Number 2, May 2005, pp. 1–9
  • Marshall, Alan. (2006) Dangerous Dawn: The New Nuclear Age, FoE and BNI, Melbourne.
  • Marshall, Alan (2007) Questioning Nuclear Waste Substitution: A Case Study. Science and Engineering Ethics 13 (1).
  • Marshall, Alan. (2008) Leaving Messages about Our Radioactive Waste for Future Generations, in A. P Latiffer, ed, Nuclear Waste Research, Nova Publishers, pp37–46.
  • Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board. (NRSB) Going the Distance? The Safe Transport of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste in the United States ISBN 0-309-10004-6
  • M.I. Ojovan (ed.). Handbook of advanced radioactive waste conditioning technologies. ISBN 1-84569-626-3. Oxford, 512 p. (2011). http://www.woodheadpublishing.com/6269

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