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In linguistics, a calque (disebut /ˈkælk/) or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal, "word-for-word" (Latin: "verbum pro verbo") or root-for-root translation.
Used as a verb, "to calque" means to loan-translate from another language so as to create a new lexeme in the target language.
"Calque" itself is a loanword from a French noun, and derives from the verb "calquer" ("to copy"). [1] "Loan translation" is itself a calque of the German "Lehnübersetzung". [2]
To prove that a word is a calque sometimes requires more documentation than an untranslated loanword, since in some cases it's quite conceivable that a similar phrase could have arisen in both languages independently. This is less so when the grammar of the proposed calque is quite different from that of the language proposed to be borrowing, or the calque contains less obvious imagery.