Símbols nacionals de Belarús
Després que Bielorússia s'independitzés de la Unió Soviètica, el país va ressuscitar els símbols nacionals que eren usats abans de l'era soviètica. Aquests símbols incloïen una bandera de franges vermelles i blanques i un escut d'armes que consistia en un cavaller empunyant una espasa damunt un cavall sallent (Pahónia). Aquests símbols nacionals van ser reemplaçats pels símbols de l'era soviètica després del referèndum de 1995. Aquests dos símbols, juntament amb l'himne nacional (Mi, Bielarusi), estan definits constitucionalment com els símbols nacionals de Bielorússia.
Llei
In the 1994 Constitution of Belarus, Article 19 lists the official symbols of the country. Article 19 reads:
| « | The symbols of the Republic of Belarus as a sovereign state shall be its national flag, national emblem and national anthem.[1] | » |
Each national symbol is further defined by their respective laws. Uses of the national symbols are covered in the relevant law of each symbol.
Bandera nacional
The national flag has been in use since June 7, 1995, one of two symbols adopted in the 1995 referendum. The main elements of the flag is a red and green bicolor, then decorated with an ornament pattern at the hoist position. The current flag is a modification of the 1951 flag used while the country was a republic of the Soviet Union. In the Soviet version, a hammer and sickle was placed near the top-hoist corner and the ornament colors were inverted. Several flags used by government officials and agencies were based on the national flag.
Despite being replaced, the former flag of Belarus is used by those who oppose current Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko.[2] The former flag consisted of a white background with a red horizontal stripe in the middle. It was used by the Belarusian National Republic and immediately after independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.
Escut nacional
The other national symbol that was chosen in the 1995 referendum was the national emblem. The elements of the emblem include a ribbon in the colors of the national flag, a map of Belarus, wheat ears and a red star. At the base of the ribbon, it says the country name in the Belarusian language. The emblem is an allusion to the one used by the Byelorussian SSR, designed by Ivan Dubasov in 1950. In the Soviet version, a hammer and sickle replaced the map of Belarus and the ribbon was all red. On the left and right ribbons, the Soviet motto Workers of the world, unite! appeared in the Belarusian and Russian languages.[3]
The national emblem that was used at the time of the BNR and post-Soviet independence was called the Pahonia (the chase). On the base of a red shield, an armored white knight is mounted on a silver horse, with a sword drawn and charging to the left. On the shield of the knight, a golden Patriarchal cross is displayed. A variant of the Pahonia is used as the coat of arms of Lithuania.[4]
Himne nacional
The only symbol that hasn't changed over during independence is the national anthem. Adopted during the Soviet era, "My Belarusy" was used provisionally until 2002. The only change that occurred was dropping the Soviet-era lyrics and choosing just to use the music, composed by Nyestar Sakalowski. On July 2, 2002, President Lukashenko issued a decree adopting new lyrics to the anthem, written by Uladzimir Karyzny. Klimkovich also wrote the lyrics to the Anthem of the Byelorussian SSR. Not only the lyrics were chosen, a protocol guide related to the national anthem was released by Lukashenko.[5] The reason that was given for keeping Sakalowski's music was to keep the historic traditions of the country.[6] While references to Lenin, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the idea of Soviet brotherhood were dropped, the general idea of a "friendship of peoples" still remains present. According to the Belarusian Government, once the national anthem was adopted, the long process to adopt the three national symbols of Belarus was completed.[6]
Símbols històrics
-
Bandera de (1991–1995)
-
Escut Pahónia (1991–1995)
Símbols no oficials
Other than the national flag, anthem and emblem, Belarus has several unofficial symbols.
The Cross of Saint Euphrosyne, a 12th century relic which disappeared during the Second World War is considered a spiritual symbol of Belarus[7].
The European bison, commonly called the wisent, is seen as a symbol of Belarus and the Belavezha Forest. It is also featured on the symbols of Brest Oblast[8]. An other widely known animal mascot of Belarus is the stork[9].
-
a male wisent in a Minsk zoo
-
a white stork
Referències
- ↑ Webportal of the President of the Republic of Belarus Section One of the Constitution. Published 1994, amended in 1996. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
- ↑ Plantilla:Be icon Webpage showing photos of the white-red-white flag being used by the group Zubr
- ↑ «Гербы БССР» (en russian). Геральдикум. Русский Центр флаговедения и геральдики, 16-12-2003. [Consulta: 28 abril 2010].
- ↑ «The Coat of Arms of Lithuania». Office of the Seimas, 10-01-2006. [Consulta: 28 abril 2010].
- ↑ «Аб Дзяржаўным гімне Рэспублікі Беларусь» (en belarusian). President of the Republic of Belarus, 02-07-2002. [Consulta: 13 octubre 2007].
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 «State System - State Symbols». President of the Republic of Belarus. [Consulta: 13 octubre 2007].
- ↑ http://charter97.org/ru/news/2010/4/23/28405/
- ↑ «Information about heraldic symbols». Brest Regional Executive Commettee. [Consulta: 13 octubre 2007]. [Enllaç no actiu]
- ↑ http://www.belarus.by/rel_image/207
Enllaços externs
- Símbols oficials de Bielorússia (bielorús)
