File:Trona Pinnacles - 50370173791.jpg
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Captions
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionTrona Pinnacles - 50370173791.jpg |
English: The Trona Pinnacles are an unusual geological feature in the California Desert National Conservation Area. The landscape consists of more than 500 tufa spires (porous rock formed as a deposit when springs interact with other bodies of water), some as high as 140 feet (43 m), rising from the bed of the Searles Lake (dry) basin. The pinnacles vary in size and shape from short and squat to tall and thin, and are composed primarily of calcium carbonate (tufa). They now sit isolated and slowly crumbling away near the south end of the valley, surrounded by many square miles of flat, dried mud and with stark mountain ranges at either side.
During the Pleistocene, massive runoff spilled from the Sierra Nevada into a chain of inland seas. The system of interconnected lakes stretched from Mono Lake to Death Valley and included Searles Lake. Deep beneath Searles Lake, calcium-rich groundwater and alkaline lake water combined to grow tufa formations. Similar (modern) formations can be found today at Mono Lake to the north. Known as tufa pinnacles, these strange shapes formed underwater 10,000 to 100,000 years ago. The pinnacles did not all form at the same time. They are divided by age and elevation into three groups. The groups are dubbed the northern, middle, and southern groups because they formed during three ice ages. The northern group is the youngest at 11,000 to 25,000 years old. These are the best examples of what are known as tufa towers. The northern group also include shapes called tombstones, ridges and cones. The small middle group claims only 100 spires, but boasts the tallest "tower", rising 140 feet (43 m). The southern group, includes 200 tufa formations aged 32,000 to 100,000 years old. The Pinnacles are recognizable in more than a dozen hit movies. Over thirty film projects a year are shot among the tufa pinnacles, including backdrops for car commercials and sci-fi movies and television series such as Battlestar Galactica, Buck Rogers, Star Trek V: The Final Frontier, Disney's Dinosaur, The Gate II: Trespassers, Lost in Space, and Planet of the Apes. The music video for Lady Gaga's 2020 single "Stupid Love" was also filmed here. Source: Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trona_Pinnacles |
Date | |
Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/21874566@N07/50370173791/ |
Author | RuggyBearLA |
Camera location | 35° 36′ 47.13″ N, 117° 22′ 19.51″ W | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap |
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Licensing
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by RuggyBearLA at https://flickr.com/photos/21874566@N07/50370173791. It was reviewed on 19 November 2020 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
19 November 2020
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 02:58, 19 November 2020 | 3,000 × 2,000 (4.67 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by RuggyBearLA from https://www.flickr.com/photos/21874566@N07/50370173791/ with UploadWizard |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D7100 |
Author | RuggyBearLA Photography |
Copyright holder |
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Exposure time | 1/320 sec (0.003125) |
F-number | f/9 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 10:58, 23 February 2020 |
Lens focal length | 32 mm |
User comments | RuggyBearLA Photography |
Latitude | 35° 36′ 47.14″ N |
Longitude | 117° 22′ 19.51″ W |
Altitude | 554 meters above sea level |
City shown | Trona |
Width | 6,000 px |
Height | 4,000 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 240 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 240 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop 21.2 (Windows) |
File change date and time | 23:28, 5 September 2020 |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.31 |
Date and time of digitizing | 10:58, 23 February 2020 |
APEX shutter speed | 8.321928 |
APEX aperture | 6.33985 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.5 APEX (f/4.76) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 10 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 10 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 2,558.641204834 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 2,558.641204834 |
Focal plane resolution unit | 3 |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 48 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
GPS time (atomic clock) | 17:58 |
Satellites used for measurement | 11 |
Geodetic survey data used | WGS84 |
GPS date | 23 February 2020 |
GPS tag version | 0.0.3.2 |
Serial number of camera | 2570447 |
Lens used | 18.0-55.0 mm f/3.5-5.6 |
Date metadata was last modified | 16:28, 5 September 2020 |
Rating (out of 5) | 1 |
Unique ID of original document | 11CA254E2C953FA1D1AB71642FA70EFF |
Province or state shown | California |
Country shown | United States |
Code for country shown | US |
IIM version | 4 |