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==Life and career==
Jean-Pierre Grumbach was born in 1917 in Paris, France, the son of Berthe and Jules Grumbach.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lisa90.org/lisa1/genealogies/tree_hor.php?lang=fr&n_tr=2 |title=Arbre |publisher=Lisa90.org |access-date=12 August 2014}}</ref> His family were [[History of the Jews in Alsace|Alsatian Jews]]. His father was a rag merchant; the family lived in ninth-[[Arrondissement|
Grumbach left school at 17 working as a courier and then a wedding photographer. In 1937 he joined the Communist Party, but left in 1939 over the [[Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact|Hitler-Stalin Pact]].<ref name=":0" />
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