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After the fall of France in 1940 during [[World War II]], during which he was [[Dunkirk evacuation|evacuated from Dunkirk]] as a soldier in the [[French Army]], Grumbach entered the [[French Resistance]] to oppose the German [[Nazis]] who occupied the country.<ref name="Lane">{{cite news|url = https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/05/01/jean-pierre-melvilles-cinema-of-resistance|title = Jean-Pierre Melville's Cinema of Resistance|magazine = [[The New Yorker]]|last = Lane|first = Anthony|authorlink = Anthony Lane|date = 1 May 2017|accessdate = 3 August 2022|url-access = limited}}</ref> He adopted the nom de guerre Melville after the American author [[Herman Melville]], a favourite of his.<ref name="Lane" /> His brother Jacques and his sister Janine also joined the Resistance.<ref name=":0" />
In 1942, both Jean-Pierre and Jacques crossed the Pyrenees and headed for neutral Spain where they would then try to reach Britain and the Free French Army. They crossed separately several weeks apart. Jacques was carrying money intended for [[Charles de Gaulle|de Gaulle]]; he was shot dead and robbed by his guide. Jean-Pierre did not find out that his brother had been killed until the war ended.<ref name=":0" /> Grumbach served in the Free French Army for two years, mainly in the artillery. He and his unit were sent to Italy and Grumbach fought at the [[Battle of Monte Cassino|Battle of Monte Casino]].<ref name=":0" />
When he returned from the war, he applied for a license to become an assistant director but was refused. Without this support, he decided to direct his films by his own means, and continued to use Melville as his stage name. He became an independent filmmaker and owned his own studio, rue Jenner, in [[13th arrondissement of Paris|Paris 13ème]].<ref>[http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/1042590%7C0/TCM-Imports-for-November.html Silence of the Sea-TCM.com]</ref> On 29 June 1967, the studio and Melville's apartment burnt down. His personal archive of photographs and scripts was destroyed.<ref name=":0" />
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