Teleosteomorpha is a clade of ray-finned fishes containing all teleost fish and their closest extinct relatives.[1] Also in this group are two diverse Mesozoic fish orders, the Aspidorhynchiformes and the Pachycormiformes.[2] Several other non-teleostomorph teleosteans existed throughout the Mesozoic, although not as dominant as the two main clades in the group.

Teleosteomorpha
Temporal range: Middle Triassic–present
Thunnus maccoyii, a teleost
Vinctifer comptoni, an aspidorhynchiform
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii
Infraclass: Teleosteomorpha
Arratia, 2001
Subdivisions

Others, see text

Shared morphological features of this group include a autosphenotic bone lacking a dermal component, the lack of a canal bearing part of the antorbital bone, the lack of vertebral centra fused into the occipital condyle in adult individuals, and each hypural (caudal fin support) being articulated with caudal rays.[3]

The oldest known teleosteomorph is Prohalecites from the Triassic of Italy.[2] The last surviving non-teleostean teleosteomorph was Belonostomus, which survived into the Late Paleocene.

Taxonomy

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Cladogram of Teleosteomorpha after Sferco et al. 2021:[4]

Holostei

Teleosteomorpha
(Teleostei total group)


The cladogram below is simplified after a phylogenetic analysis by Bean (2021).[5]



Teleosteomorpha contains both the smallest (Paedocypris progenetica, above) and the largest (Leedsichthys problematicus, below) known ray-finned fish to have ever existed.

Where applicable, taxonomic order is based on the 5th edition of Fishes of the World:[2]

References

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  1. ^ Arratia, Gloria (2001-12-14). "The sister-group of Teleostei: consensus and disagreements". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 21 (4): 767–773. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0767:TSGOTC]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 85895344.
  2. ^ a b c Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016-02-22). Fishes of the World. Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
  3. ^ Arratia, Gloria (2017-03-04). "New Triassic teleosts (Actinopterygii, Teleosteomorpha) from northern Italy and their phylogenetic relationships among the most basal teleosts". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 37 (2): e1312690. Bibcode:2017JVPal..37E2690A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1312690. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 89773927.
  4. ^ Sferco, Emilia; López-Arbarello, Adriana; Báez, Ana María (December 2015). "Phylogenetic relationships of †Luisiella feruglioi (Bordas) and the recognition of a new clade of freshwater teleosts from the Jurassic of Gondwana". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 15 (1): 268. Bibcode:2015BMCEE..15..268S. doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0551-6. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 4668602. PMID 26630925.
  5. ^ Bean, L. B. (2021). "Revision of the Mesozoic freshwater fish clade Archaeomaenidae". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 45 (2): 217–259. doi:10.1080/03115518.2021.1937700. S2CID 237518065.
  6. ^ a b Arratia, G.; Schultze, H.-P. (2024). "The oldest teleosts (Teleosteomorpha): their early taxonomic, phenotypic, and ecological diversification during the Triassic". Fossil Record. 27 (1): 29–53. Bibcode:2024FossR..27...29A. doi:10.3897/fr.27.115970.
  7. ^ Schultze, Hans-Peter; Arratia, Gloria; Hauschke, Norbert; Wilde, Volker (2022). "Osteichthyan Fishes from the uppermost Norian (Triassic) of the Fuchsberg near Seinstedt, Lower Saxony (Germany)". Diversity. 14 (11): 901. doi:10.3390/d14110901. ISSN 1424-2818.
  8. ^ a b Sferco, Emilia; López-Arbarello, Adriana; Báez, Ana María (2015-12-03). "Phylogenetic relationships of †Luisiella feruglioi (Bordas) and the recognition of a new clade of freshwater teleosts from the Jurassic of Gondwana". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 15 (1): 268. Bibcode:2015BMCEE..15..268S. doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0551-6. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 4668602. PMID 26630925.
  9. ^ In ITIS, Gobiesociformes is placed as the suborder Gobiesocoidei of the order Perciformes.
  10. ^ In ITIS, Syngnathiformes is placed as the suborder Syngnathoidei of the order Gasterosteiformes.