Calypso is a moon of Saturn. It was discovered in 1980, from ground-based observations, by Dan Pascu, P. Kenneth Seidelmann, William A. Baum, and Douglas G. Currie, and was provisionally designated S/1980 S 25 (the 25th satellite of Saturn discovered in 1980).[7] Several other apparitions of it were recorded in the following months: S/1980 S 29, S/1980 S 30,[8] S/1980 S 32,[9] and S/1981 S 2.[10] In 1983 it was officially named after Calypso of Greek mythology.[c] It is also designated Saturn XIV or Tethys C.

Calypso
Calypso image from Cassini
(February 13, 2010)
Discovery
Discovered by
  • Dan Pascu
  • P. Kenneth Seidelmann
  • William A. Baum
  • Douglas G. Currie
Discovery dateMarch 13, 1980
Designations
Designation
Saturn XIV
Pronunciation/kəˈlɪps/[1]
Named after
Καλυψώ Kalypsō
Tethys C
S/1980 S 25
AdjectivesCalypsoan /kælɪpˈs.ən/,[2] Calypsonian /kælɪpˈsniən/[3]
Orbital characteristics
295000 km[4]
Eccentricity0.001[4]
1.887803 d[4]
Inclination1.56° (to Saturn's equator)
Satellite ofSaturn
GroupL5 Tethys trojan
Physical characteristics
Dimensions29.4 × 18.6 × 12.8 km
(± 0.6 × 1.8 × 0.6 km)[5]: 2 
19.0±0.8 km[5]: 2 
Volume3591 km3[a]
Mass≈ 2×1015 kg (assumed; unmeasured)[b]
Mean density
≈ 0.5 g/cm3 (assumed; unmeasured)[5]: 3 
≈ 0.0009–0.0013 m/s2[5]: 3 
≈ 0.004 km/s at longest axis
to ≈ 0.006 km/s at poles
synchronous
zero
Albedo1.34±0.10 (geometric) [6]

Calypso is co-orbital with the moon Tethys, and resides in Tethys' trailing Lagrangian point (L5), 60 degrees behind Tethys. This relationship was first identified by Seidelmann et al. in 1981.[11] The moon Telesto resides in the other (leading) Lagrangian point of Tethys, 60 degrees in the other direction from Tethys. Calypso and Telesto have been termed "Tethys trojans", by analogy to the trojan asteroids, and are half of the four presently known trojan moons.

Like many other small Saturnian moons and small asteroids, Calypso is irregularly shaped, has overlapping large craters, and appears to also have loose surface material capable of smoothing the craters' appearance. Its surface is one of the most reflective (at visual wavelengths) in the Solar System, with a visual geometric albedo of 1.34.[6] This very high albedo is the result of the sandblasting of particles from Saturn's E-ring, a faint ring composed of small, water-ice particles generated by Enceladus' south polar geysers.[12]

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Calculated from Calypso's volume-equivalent sphere radius of 9.5±0.4 km given by Thomas et al. (2020)[5]: 2 
  2. ^ Calculated by multiplying Calypso's volume with its assumed density of 500 kg/m3.
  3. ^ Transactions of the International Astronomical Union, Vol. XVIIIA, 1982 (confirms Janus, names Epimetheus, Telesto, Calypso) (mentioned in IAUC 3872: Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn, September 30, 1983)

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ "Calypso". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on March 22, 2020.
  2. ^ The Emerson Society Quarterly, vol. 50, p. 56, 1968
  3. ^ "Calypsonian". Lexico UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on March 22, 2020.
  4. ^ a b c "Planetary Satellite Mean Orbital Parameters". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e Thomas & Helfenstein 2020.
  6. ^ a b Verbiscer French et al. 2007.
  7. ^ IAUC 3496.
  8. ^ IAUC 3549.
  9. ^ IAUC 3605.
  10. ^ IAUC 3593.
  11. ^ Seidelmann Harrington et al. 1981.
  12. ^ Mason 2010.

Sources

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