This is a list of territories and polities that have been considered colonies.
Colonies of European countries
editBritish
edit- French and British interregnum in the Dutch East Indies
- British Senegambia
- British Manila
- Aden
- British Sumatra (Bencoolen 1668–1824)
- Afghanistan (de jure)
- British America
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
- Emirate of Afghanistan
- Ascension Island
- Ashanti
- Australia
- Bahamas
- Basutoland
- British Borneo
- British East Africa
- British Guiana
- British Honduras
- British Hong Kong
- British Leeward Islands
- Anguilla
- Antigua
- Barbuda
- British Virgin Islands
- Dominica
- Montserrat
- Nevis
The Delhi Durbar of 1877: the proclamation of Queen Victoria as Empress of India - Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
- Saint Kitts
- British Malaya
The First Anglo-Sikh War, 1845–46 - British Somaliland
- British Western Pacific Territories
- British Windward Islands
- Canada
- Cameroon
- Ceylon
- Christmas Island
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands
- British Cyprus
- History of Egypt under the British
- Bioko
- Falkland Islands
- Falkland Islands Dependencies
- Gambia Colony and Protectorate
- Gibraltar
- Somaliland
- Gold Coast
- British Raj
- Heard Island and McDonald Islands
- United States of the Ionian Islands
- British rule in Ireland
- Colony of Jamaica
- Kenya Colony
- Maldives
- Malta Colony
- Mandatory Palestine
- Emirate of Transjordan
- Mandatory Iraq
- British Mauritius
- Mosquito Coast
- Muscat and Oman
- New Zealand
- Norfolk Island
- Colonial Nigeria
- Rhodesia (region)
- Oregon Country
- Seychelles
- Sierra Leone
- Shanghai International Settlement
- Singapore
- South Africa
- Southeastern Saudi Arabia
- Southern Rhodesia
- St Helena
- Swaziland
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Tristan da Cunha
- Trucial States
- Protectorate of Uganda
- Anglo-Russian Convention
- British Weihaiwei
French
edit- French and British interregnum in the Dutch East Indies
- Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia
- France Antarctique
- De Rays Expedition
- Equinoctial France
- Inini
- Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia
- Acadia
- Algeria
- Canada
- Clipperton Island
- Comoros Islands (including Mayotte)
Siege of Constantine (1836) during the French conquest of Algeria. - Corsica
- French Guiana
- French Equatorial Africa
- French India (Pondichéry, Chandernagor, Karikal, Mahé and Yanaon)
- French Indochina
- Annam
French officers and Tonkinese riflemen, 1884 - Tonkin
- Cochinchina
- Cambodia
- Laos
- Annam
- French Polynesia
- French Somaliland
- French Southern and Antarctic Lands
- French West Africa
- Ivory Coast
- Dahomey
- French Guinea
Contemporary illustration of Major Marchand's trek across Africa in 1898 - French Sudan
- Colonial Mauritania
- Colony of Niger
- Senegal
- Upper Volta
- Guadeloupe
- La Réunion
- Louisiana
- Madagascar
- Martinique
- French Morocco
- French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon
- New Caledonia
- Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon
- Saint-Domingue
- Shanghai French Concession (similar concessions in Kouang-Tchéou-Wan, Tientsin, Hankéou)
- Tunisia
- New Hebrides (condominium with Britain)
- Wallis-et-Futuna
- French concession of Hankou
Russian
edit- Sagallo
- Kauai (Hawaii) (1816–1817)
- Russian America (Alaska) (1733–1867)
- Fort Ross (California)
- Northern Iran
- Mongolia (Later conceded to the Soviet Union)
- Russian Dalian
- Tianjin
German
edit- Bismarck Archipelago
- Kamerun
- Caroline Islands
- German New Guinea
- German Samoa
- German Solomon Islands
- German East Africa
- German South-West Africa
- Gilbert Islands
- Jiaozhou Bay
- German concession of Tianjin
- Mariana Islands
- Marshall Islands
- Nauru
- Palau
- Togoland
- Tianjin
- Adelsverein
- Klein-Venedig
- Brandenburger Gold Coast
- Caroline Islands
- Wituland
- Mahinland
- German Congo Expedition
- German attempts to colonise the Somali Coast
- Kapitaï and Koba
- New Swabia
Italian
edit- Italian Aegean Islands
- Italian protectorate of Albania
- Italian governorate of Dalmatia
- Italian governorate of Montenegro
- Italian Concession of Tientsin
- Italian East Africa
- Italian Eritrea
- Italian Ethiopia
- Italian Somaliland
-Italian Trans-Juba (briefly; annexed)
- Italian Libya
Roman
edit- Aegyptus[1][2]
- Achaia
- Hispania
- Lusitania
- Illyricum
- Aquitania
- Gallia
- Galatia
- Raetia
- Moesia
- Judea
- Britannia
Dutch
edit- Dutch Brazil
- Dutch Ceylon
- Dutch Formosa
- Dutch Cape Colony
- Aruba
- Bonaire
- Curaçao
- Saba
- Sint Eustatius
- Sint Maarten
- Surinam (Dutch colony)
- Dutch East Indies
- Dutch New Guinea
- Dutch Malacca
- Senegambia (Dutch West India Company)
Portuguese
edit- Portuguese Africa
- Portuguese Asia
- Portuguese India
- Goa
- Daman
- Diu
Battle of Macau, 21–24 June 1622. Portuguese repel Dutch attack.
- Portuguese Macau
- Portuguese Nagasaki
- Portuguese Ceylon
- Portuguese Malacca
- Portuguese Oman
- Portuguese India
- Portuguese Oceania
- Portuguese South America
- Portuguese North America
Spanish
edit- Canary Islands
- Cape Juby
- Captaincy General of Cuba
- Captaincy General of the Philippines
- Spanish Oran
- Spanish Tripoli
- Ifni
- Río de Oro
- Saguia el-Hamra
- Spanish Morocco
- Tunisia
- Algeria
- Libya
- Spanish Netherlands
- Oran
- Tripoli
- Tunis
- Béjaïa
- Peñón of Algiers
- Spanish Sahara
- Spanish Naples
- Spanish Sardinia
- Spanish Sicily
- Spanish Milan
- Southeast and Eastern Europe
- Viceroyalty of Peru
- Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
- Viceroyalty of New Granada
- Viceroyalty of New Spain
Austrian
editDanish
edit- Andaman and Nicobar Islands
- Danish West Indies (now United States Virgin Islands)
- Danish Norway
- Orkney
- Piltene
- Shetland
- Faroe Islands
- Greenland
- Iceland
- Serampore
- Danish Gold Coast
- Danish India
Belgian
edit- Belgian Congo
- Ruanda-Urundi
- Tianjin
- Santo Tomás de Castilla, Guatemala (1843–1854)
Swedish
edit- Baltic states
- Guadeloupe
- New Sweden
- Saint Barthélemy
- Swedish Pomerania
- Swedish Gold Coast
- Dominions of Sweden in continental Europe
Norse
editNorwegian
editPolish
editColonies by Oceanian countries
editAustralian
edit- Papua New Guinea
- Christmas Island
- Cocos Islands
- Coral Sea Islands
- Heard Island and McDonald Islands
- Norfolk Island
- Nauru
- Australian Antarctic Territory
New Zealander
editColonies by Asian countries
editJapanese
edit- Aleutian Islands
- Bonin Islands
Three Koreans shot for pulling up rails as a protest against seizure of land without payment by the Japanese - Hokkaido
- Karafuto
- Korea
- Kuril Islands
- Kwantung Leased Territory
- Manchuria
- Nanyo
- Penghu Islands
- Ryukyu Islands
- Taiwan
- Volcano Islands
Thai (Siamese)
edit- Kingdom of Vientiane (1778–1828)
- Kingdom of Luang Prabang (1778–1893)
- Kingdom of Champasak (1778–1893)
- Kingdom of Cambodia (1771–1867)
- Kedah (1821–1826)
- Perlis (1821–1836)
Korean
editChinese
edit- East Turkistan (Xinjiang) from 1884 – 1933, 1949–present
- Guangxi (Tusi)
- Hainan
- Manchuria
- Korea, partially, from 108 BC to 314 AD
- Inner Mongolia
- Outer Mongolia (Mongolia & Tuva) during the late Qing dynasty[3]
- Taiwan
- Tibet (Kashag)
- Tuva during the Qing dynasty
- Yunnan (Tusi)
- Vietnam during the Han, Sui, and Tang dynasties
- Chinese concession of Incheon
Burmese
edit- Siam (1569–1584, 1767–1776)
- Kingdom of Vientiane (1765–1778)
- Kingdom of Cambodia (1771–1776)
- Assam (1826)
Indonesian
editThai/Siamese
edit- Kingdom of Vientiane (1778–1828)
- Kingdom of Luang Prabang (1778–1893)
- Kingdom of Champasak (1778–1893)
- Kingdom of Cambodia (1771–1867)
- Terengganu (1800–1909)
- Kedah (1821–1826)
- Perlis (1821–1836)
- Kelantan (1844-1909)
- Principality of Phuan (1848–1893)
Omani
editVietnamese
edit- Trấn Ninh (1828–1848)
- Tây Thành (1834–1847)
- Thuận Thành
- Principality of Thuận Thành
- Bình Định
- Six Provinces of Southern Vietnam
- Tây Thành
Colonies by American (continent) countries
editAmerican
edit- American Concession in Tianjin (1869–1902)
- American Concession in Shanghai (1848–1863)
- American Concession in Beihai (1876–1943)
- American Concession in Harbin (1898–1943)
- American Samoa
- Beijing Legation Quarter (1861–1945)
- Corn Islands (1914–1971)
- Canton and Enderbury Islands
- Caroline Islands
- Cuba (Platt Amendment turned Cuba into a protectorate – until Cuban Revolution)
- Falkland Islands (1832)
- Guantánamo Bay
- Guam
- Gulangyu Island (1903–1945)
- Haiti (1915–1934)
- Hawaii
- Indian Territory (1834–1907)
- Isle of Pines (1899–1925)
- Liberia (Independent since 1847, US protectorate until post-WW2)
- Mexico City (1847)
- Midway
- Nicaragua (1912–1933)
- Northern Mariana Islands
- Palau
- Palmyra Atoll
- Panama (Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty turned Panama into a protectorate, protectorate until post-WW2)
- Panama Canal Zone (1903–1979)
- Philippines (1898–1946)
- Puerto Rico
- Veracruz
- Quita Sueño Bank (1869–1981)
- Roncador Bank (1856–1981)
- Ryukyu Islands
- Russian Far East
- Shanghai International Settlement (1863–1945)
- Sultanate of Sulu (1903–1915)
- Swan Islands, Honduras (1914–1972)
- Tangier International Zone (Now present-day Tangier, Morocco) (1924–1956)
- Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
- United States Virgin Islands
- Wake Island
- Wilkes Land
Mexican
editGuatemalan
editEcuadorian
editColombian
editVenezuelan
edit- Western part of Guyana
Argentine
edit- Argentine Antarctica
- Asuncion (1873)
- California (1818)
- Chile (1817–1818 during the Chilean war of independence)
- Equatorial Guinea (1810–1815)[5]
- Falkland Islands and Dependencies (1829–1831, 1832–1833, 1982)
- Formosa
- Gobierno del Cerrito (1843–1851)
- Gonaïves, Haití.[6]
- Misiones
- Paraguay (1873)
- Patagonia
- Peru (1820–1822 during the Independence of Peru)
- Philippines (1818)
- Puna de Atacama (1839– )
- San Martin Camp, Cyprus.[7]
- Tierra del Fuego
- Uruguay (Cisplatine War)
Paraguayan
editBolivian
edit- Puna de Atacama (1825–1839 ceded to Argentina) (1825–1879 ceded to Chile)
- Acre
Chilean
editBrazilian
edit- Uruguay
- Acre
- Cape Verde (Occupied for two years after independence)
- Angola (During the Angolan war of independence)
- Mozambique (During the Mozambican war of independence)
- Asuncion
- Brazilian Antarctica
Colonies by African countries
editEthiopian
editSouth African
editMoroccan
editColonies by former countries
editAncient Greece
editCarthage
editAncient Egyptian
editOttoman (Turkish)
editSee also
edit- List of former European colonies
- Concessions and leases in international relations
- Punitive expedition
- Chartered company
- List of trading companies
- European colonisation of Southeast Asia
- European colonization of the Americas
- Berlin Conference
- Concessions in China
- Tangier International Zone
- Peking Legation Quarter
- Colonisation of Africa
- Colonies in antiquity
- Treaty Ports of China, Korea and Japan
References
edit- ^ Terrenato, Nicola. The deceptive archetype: Roman colonialism in Italy and postcolonial thought. na, 2005.
- ^ Peck, Joshua J. The biological impact of culture contact: a bioarchaeological study of Roman colonialism in Britain. Diss. The Ohio State University, 2009.
- ^ In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, the Chinese were prohibited from entering Mongolia to prevent the assimilation of the Mongols loss of combat effectiveness. The prohibition was abolished after the Late Qing reforms, and then Mongolia declared its independence from the Manchu Qing.
- ^ Oman Country Profile. Oman Country Profile. British Library Partnership. Qatar Digital Library. 2014.
- ^ "GUINEA ECUATORIAL". www.hubert-herald.nl. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- ^ "MINUSTAH". argentina.gob.ar. 20 November 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
- ^ "Un equipo de la ONU visitó el Campo San Martín en Chipre". Gaceta Marinera. 9 November 2017.
- ^ Naomi Porat (1992). "An Egyptian Colony in Southern Palestine During the Late Predynastic to Early Dynastic". In Edwin C. M. van den Brink (ed.). The Nile Delta in Transition: 4th.-3rd. Millennium B.C. : Proceedings of the Seminar Held in Cairo, 21.-24. October 1990, at the Netherlands Institute of Archaeology and Arabic Studies. Van den Brink. pp. 433–440. ISBN 978-965-221-015-9. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ https://thearabweekly.com/rejection-ottoman-legacy-linked-turkish-behaviour-today [bare URL]
- ^ Ben-Dror, Avishai (2017). "OTTOMAN COLONIALISM - the Ottoman Scramble for Africa: Empire and Diplomacy in the Sahara and the Hijaz. By Mostafa Minawi . Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2016. Pp. Xviii + 219. $85.00, hardback (ISBN 9780804795142); $24.95, paperback (ISBN 9780804799270)". The Journal of African History. 58 (3): 509–510. doi:10.1017/S0021853717000433. S2CID 165186569.