10th United States Congress

The 10th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1807, to March 4, 1809, during the seventh and eighth years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1800 census; both chambers had an overwhelming Democratic-Republican majority.

10th United States Congress
9th ←
→ 11th

March 4, 1807 – March 4, 1809
Members34 senators
142 representatives
3 non-voting delegates
Senate majorityDemocratic-Republican
Senate PresidentGeorge Clinton (DR)
House majorityDemocratic-Republican
House SpeakerJoseph Bradley Varnum (DR)
Sessions
1st: October 26, 1807 – April 25, 1808
2nd: November 7, 1808 – March 3, 1809

Major events

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President of the Senate George Clinton
 
President pro tempore
Stephen R. Bradley
 
Speaker of the House
Joseph B. Varnum

Major legislation

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Territories organized

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Party summary

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The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

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Party
(shading shows control)
Total Vacant
Democratic-
Republican

(DR)
Federalist
(F)
End of previous congress 27 7 34 0
Begin 28 6 34 0
End
Final voting share 82.4% 17.6%
Beginning of next congress 26 7 33 1

House of Representatives

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Party
(shading shows control)
Total Vacant
Democratic-
Republican

(DR)
Federalist
(F)
End of previous congress 113 28 141 1
Begin 115 25 140 2
End 27 1420
Final voting share 81.0% 19.0%
Beginning of next congress 95 47 142 0

Leadership

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Senate

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House of Representatives

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Members

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This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

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Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.

House of Representatives

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The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Changes in membership

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The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

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There were 5 resignations, 2 deaths, and 1 interim appointment. Neither party had a net change.

Senate changes
State
(class)
Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[a]
Georgia
(2)
Abraham Baldwin (DR) Died March 4, 1807.
Temporary successor appointed August 27, 1807, to continue the term.
George Jones (DR) August 27, 1807
Connecticut
(3)
Uriah Tracy (F) Died July 19, 1807.
Successor elected October 25, 1807, to finish the term.
Chauncey Goodrich (F) October 25, 1807
Rhode Island
(2)
James Fenner (DR) Resigned September, 1807 to become Governor of Rhode Island.
Successor elected to finish the term.
Elisha Mathewson (DR) October 26, 1807
Vermont
(1)
Israel Smith (DR) Resigned October 1, 1807, to become Governor of Vermont.
Successor elected to finish the term.
Jonathan Robinson (DR) October 10, 1807
Georgia
(2)
George Jones (DR) Successor elected November 7, 1807, to finish the term, in place of a temporary appointee. William H. Crawford (DR) November 7, 1807
Ohio
(1)
John Smith (DR) Resigned April 25, 1808.
Successor appointed to finish the term ending March 4, 1809.
Return J. Meigs Jr. (DR) December 12, 1808
Massachusetts
(1)
John Quincy Adams (F) Resigned June 8, 1808, having broken with his party and lost re-election to the next term.
Winner elected to finish the term, having already won election to the next term.
James Lloyd (F) June 9, 1808
Pennsylvania
(1)
Samuel Maclay (DR) Resigned January 4, 1809, believing he would lose re-election.
Winner was elected to finish the term, having already won election to the next term.
Michael Leib (DR) January 9, 1809

House of Representatives

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Of the voting members, there were 4 resignations, 4 deaths, and 2 vacancies from the beginning of this Congress. Democratic-Republicans had no net change and Federalists picked up 2 seats.

House changes
District Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[a]
South Carolina
6th
Vacant Levi Casey (DR) died before the end of the preceding Congress Joseph Calhoun (DR) Seated June 2, 1807
Delaware
at-large
Vacant James M. Broom (F) resigned before the beginning of this Congress Nicholas Van Dyke (F) Seated October 6, 1807
Massachusetts
12th
Barnabas Bidwell (DR) Resigned July 13, 1807, after becoming Attorney General of Massachusetts Ezekiel Bacon (DR) Seated September 16, 1807
North Carolina
7th
John Culpepper (F) Seat declared vacant January 2, 1808 John Culpepper (F) Seated February 23, 1808
New Jersey
at-large
Ezra Darby (DR) Died January 27, 1808 Adam Boyd (DR) Seated March 8, 1808
Indiana Territory
at-large
Benjamin Parke
Resigned March 1, 1808 Jesse B. Thomas October 22, 1808
Pennsylvania
1st
Joseph Clay (DR) Resigned March 28, 1808 Benjamin Say (DR) Seated November 16, 1808
Massachusetts
2nd
Jacob Crowninshield (DR) Died April 15, 1808 Joseph Story (DR) Seated May 23, 1808
New York
12th
David Thomas (DR) Resigned May 1, 1808, after becoming New York State Treasurer Nathan Wilson (DR) November 7, 1808
Vermont
1st
James Witherell (DR) Resigned May 1, 1808, after becoming judge of Supreme Court for Michigan Territory Samuel Shaw (DR) Seated September 6, 1808
Rhode Island
at-large
Nehemiah Knight (DR) Died June 13, 1808 Richard Jackson Jr. (F) Seated November 11, 1808
Virginia
17th
John Claiborne (DR) Died October 9, 1808 Thomas Gholson Jr. (DR) Seated November 7, 1808

Committees

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Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

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House of Representatives

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Joint committees

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Employees

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Senate

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House of Representatives

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.

References

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  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
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