1904–05 United States Senate elections

The 1904–05 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with President Theodore Roosevelt's landslide election to a full term and the 1904 House of Representatives elections. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1904 and 1905, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.

Party share of seats remained roughly the same, when including vacancies and appointments, and the Republicans retained a significant majority over the Democrats.

Special elections were held in Indiana and Massachusetts, in the former due to the ascension of Charles Fairbanks to the Vice Presidency and in the latter due to the death of longtime Senator George Hoar.

In Georgia, the legislature failed to elect until shortly after the beginning of the 59th Congress on March 4. In Delaware the legislature deadlocked and did not elect a Senator until June 1906.

Results summary Senate party division, 59th Congress (1905–1907)

Majority party: Republican (58) Minority party: Democratic (32) Other parties: (0) Total seats: 90 Change in Senate composition Before the elections At the beginning of 1904.

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 R56 Retired R57 Retired D33 Retired D32 Ran D31 Ran D30 Ran D29 Ran D28 Ran D27 Ran D26 R55 Retired R54 Retired R53 Retired R52 Retired R51 Ran but died R50 Ran R49 Ran R48 Ran R47 Ran R46 Ran Majority → R36 Ran R37 Ran R38 Ran R39 Ran R40 Ran R41 Ran R42 Ran R43 Ran R44 Ran R45 Ran R35 Ran R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Result of the general elections D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 R56 Gain V1 R Loss V2 D Loss V3 D Loss D31 Gain D30 Re-elected D29 Re-elected D28 Re-elected D27 Re-elected D26 R55 Hold R54 Hold R53 Hold R52 Hold R51 Hold R50 Hold R49 Hold R48 Re-elected R47 Re-elected R46 Re-elected Majority → R36 Re-elected R37 Re-elected R38 Re-elected R39 Re-elected R40 Re-elected R41 Re-elected R42 Re-elected R43 Re-elected R44 Re-elected R45 Re-elected R35 Re-elected R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Beginning of the next Congress D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 R56 V1 V2 D32 Appointed D31 D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 R55 R54 R53 R52 R51 R50 R49 R48 R47 R46 Majority → R36 R37 R38 R39 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 R45 R35 R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Key: D# Democratic R# Republican V# Vacant Race summaries Elections during the 58th Congress Special elections In these elections, the winners were seated during 1904 or in 1905 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Ohio (Class 1) Mark Hanna Republican 1897 (Appointed) 1898 (special) 1898 Incumbent died February 15, 1904. New senator elected March 2, 1904.[2] Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. ▌Green tick Charles W. F. Dick (Republican) 174 votes ▌John H. Clarke (Democratic) 25 votes[2] Pennsylvania (Class 1) Matthew Quay Republican 1887 1893 1899 (Failure to elect) 1899 (Appointed but disqualified) 1901 (special) Incumbent died May 28, 1904. New senator elected January 17, 1905.[citation needed] Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. ▌Green tick Philander C. Knox (Republican) 100.00% Massachusetts (Class 2) Winthrop M. Crane Republican 1904 (Appointed) Interim appointee elected January 18, 1905.[3] ▌Green tick Winthrop M. Crane (Republican) [data missing] In this election, the winner was seated March 4, 1905.

State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Indiana (Class 3) Charles W. Fairbanks Republican 1897 1903 Incumbent resigned March 3, 1905, to become U.S. Vice President. New senator elected January 18, 1905 to begin service on the first day of the new Congress. Republican hold. ▌Green tick James A. Hemenway (Republican) 100.00% Early elections In these elections, the winners were seated March 4, 1907, in the 60th Congress; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Mississippi (Class 2) Anselm J. McLaurin Democratic 1894 (special) 1900 Incumbent re-elected early January 19, 1904. ▌Green tick Anselm J. McLaurin (Democratic) Unopposed[4] Louisiana (Class 2) Murphy J. Foster Democratic 1900 Incumbent re-elected early May 18, 1904.[5] ▌Green tick Murphy J. Foster (Democratic) 148 votes Unopposed[5] Races leading to the 59th Congress In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1905; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history California Thomas R. Bard Republican 1900 Incumbent lost renomination New senator elected January 11, 1905.[3] Republican hold. ▌Green tick Frank Putnam Flint (Republican) 111 votes ▌Theodore Arlington Bell (Democratic) 8 votes[3] Connecticut Joseph Roswell Hawley Republican 1881 1887 1893 Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 17, 1905.[6] Republican hold. ▌Green tick Morgan Bulkeley (Republican) 228 votes ▌A. Heaton Robertson (Democratic) 37 votes[6] Delaware L. Heisler Ball Republican 1903 (special) Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. Seat would remain vacant until June 13, 1906. ▌J. Edward Addicks (Union Republican) ▌Willard Saulsbury Jr. (Democratic) ▌Henry A. du Pont (Republican) ▌James H. Hughes (Democratic) Florida James Taliaferro Democratic 1899 (special) Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Incumbent would be appointed to start the term. Appointee was later elected to finish the term, see below. [data missing] Indiana Albert J. Beveridge Republican 1899 Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3] ▌Green tick Albert J. Beveridge (Republican) Unopposed Maine Eugene Hale Republican 1881 1887 1893 1899 Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3] ▌Green tick Eugene Hale (Republican) [data missing] Maryland Louis E. McComas Republican 1898 Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 4, 1904. Democratic gain. ▌Green tick Isidor Rayner (Democratic) 70.49% ▌Louis E. McComas (Republican) 29.51% Massachusetts Henry Cabot Lodge Republican 1893 1899 Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3] ▌Green tick Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican) 198[7] ▌William A. Gaston (Democratic) 72[7] Michigan Julius C. Burrows Republican 1899 Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3] ▌Green tick Julius C. Burrows (Republican) Unopposed Minnesota Moses E. Clapp Republican 1901 Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3] ▌Green tick Moses E. Clapp (Republican) Unopposed Mississippi Hernando Money Democratic 1897 (Appointed) 1899 Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1904.[8] ▌Green tick Hernando Money (Democratic) Unopposed Missouri Francis Cockrell Democratic 1874 1881 1887 1893 1899 Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss.[3] ▌William Warner (Republican) ▌Francis Cockrell (Democratic) ▌Thomas K. Niedringhaus (Republican)[3] Montana Paris Gibson Democratic 1901 (special) Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1905.[3] Republican gain. ▌Green tick Thomas H. Carter (Republican) 62 votes ▌W.C. Conrad (Democratic) 28 votes ▌Martin Dee (Fusion) 6 votes ▌Scattering 6 votes[3] Nebraska Charles Henry Dietrich Republican 1901 (special) Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 17, 1905. Republican hold. ▌Green tick Elmer Burkett (Republican) 92.19% ▌Richard Lee Metcalfe (Democratic) 7.03% ▌Alfred Sorenson (Republican) 0.78% Nevada William Morris Stewart Republican 1887 1893 1899 Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 25, 1905.[3] Republican hold. ▌Green tick George S. Nixon (Republican) 31 votes ▌John Sparks (Democratic) 25 votes[3] New Jersey John Kean Republican 1899 Incumbent re-elected January 2, 1905. ▌Green tick John Kean (Republican) Unopposed New York Chauncey Depew Republican 1899 Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3] ▌Green tick Chauncey Depew (Republican) 136 votes ▌Smith M. Weed (Democratic) 57 votes[3] North Dakota Porter J. McCumber Republican 1899 Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3] ▌Green tick Porter J. McCumber (Republican) Unopposed Ohio Marcus A. Hanna Republican 1897 (Appointed) 1898 (special) 1898 Incumbent re-elected, but died February 15, 1904. New senator elected March 2, 1904.[2] Republican hold. Winner was also elected to finish the term, see above. ▌Green tick Charles W. F. Dick (Republican) 174 votes ▌John H. Clarke (Democratic) 25 votes[2] Pennsylvania Philander C. Knox Republican 1904 (Appointed) 1905 (special) Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3] ▌Green tick Philander C. Knox (Republican) 225 votes ▌James Knox Polk Hall (Democratic) 25 votes[3] Rhode Island Nelson W. Aldrich Republican 1881 (special) 1886 1892 1898 Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3] ▌Green tick Nelson W. Aldrich (Republican) 93 votes ▌George W. Greene (Democratic) 17 votes[3] Tennessee William B. Bate Democratic 1887 1893 1899 Incumbent re-elected January 11, 1905.[3] ▌Green tick William B. Bate (Democratic) ▌Walter P. Brownlow (Republican)[3] Texas Charles Allen Culberson Democratic 1899 Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1905.[3] ▌Green tick Charles Allen Culberson (Democratic) Unopposed Utah Thomas Kearns Republican 1901 (special) Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 18, 1905.[3] Republican hold. ▌Green tick George Sutherland (Republican) 57 votes ▌William H. King (Democratic) 6 votes[3] Vermont Redfield Proctor Republican 1891 (Appointed) 1892 (special) 1892 1898 Incumbent re-elected October 18, 1904.[9] ▌Green tick Redfield Proctor (Republican) 205 votes ▌John H. Senter (Democratic) 31 votes[9] Virginia John W. Daniel Democratic 1887 1893 1899 Incumbent re-elected January 26, 1904.[4] ▌Green tick John W. Daniel (Democratic) Unopposed Washington Addison G. Foster Republican 1899 Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 27, 1905.[3] Republican hold. ▌Green tick Samuel H. Piles (Republican) 125 votes ▌Addison G. Foster (Republican) 2 votes ▌George Turner (Democratic) 6 votes[3] West Virginia Nathan B. Scott Republican 1899 Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1905.[3] ▌Green tick Nathan B. Scott (Republican) 82 votes ▌John T. McGraw (Democratic) 27 votes[3] Wisconsin Joseph V. Quarles Republican 1899 Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 25, 1905.[10] Republican hold. ▌Green tick Robert M. La Follette Sr. (Republican) Unopposed Wyoming Clarence D. Clark Republican 1895 (special) 1899 Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1905.[11] ▌Green tick Clarence D. Clark (Republican) Unopposed Elections during the 59th Congress In these elections, the winners were elected in 1905 after March 4; sorted by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Missouri (Class 1) Vacant Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected March 18, 1905. Republican gain. ▌Green tick William Warner (Republican) 91 votes ▌Francis Cockrell (Democratic) 83 votes ▌Thomas K. Niedringhaus (Republican) 1 vote[3] Tennessee (Class 1) William B. Bate Democratic 1887 1893 1899 1905 Incumbent, having just been re-elected, died March 9, 1905. New senator elected March 21, 1905. Democratic hold. ▌Green tick James B. Frazier (Democratic) ▌W. P. Brownlow (Republican)[3] Florida (Class 1) James Taliaferro Democratic 1899 (special) 1905 (Appointed) Legislature had failed to elect. Predecessor was appointed to begin the term. Interim appointee April 20, 1905. ▌Green tick James Taliaferro (Democratic) [data missing] Connecticut (Class 3) Orville H. Platt Republican 1879 1885 1891 1897 1903 Incumbent died April 21, 1905. New senator elected May 10, 1905. Republican hold. ▌Green tick Frank B. Brandegee (Republican) 227 votes ▌Henry A. Bishop (Democratic) 34 votes Maryland See also: List of United States senators from Maryland [icon] This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022) 1904 United States Senate election in Maryland ← 1898 February 9, 1904 1910 →

80 members of the Maryland General Assembly

Candidate Isidor Rayner Louis E. McComas Party Democratic Republican Legislative vote 80 36 Percentage 70.49% 29.51 Isidor Rayner defeated incumbent Louis E. McComas by a margin of 40.98%, or 50 votes for the Class 1 seat.[12]

New York Main article: 1905 United States Senate election in New York See also: List of United States senators from New York and 1904 United States House of Representatives elections in New York The 1905 election in New York was held on January 17, 1905, by the New York State Legislature. Republican Chauncey M. Depew had been elected to this seat in 1899, and his term would expire on March 3, 1905. At the State election in November 1904, large Republican majorities were elected for a two-year term (1905-1906) in the State Senate, and for the session of 1905 to the Assembly. The 128th State Legislature met from January 3, 1905, on at Albany, New York.

Late in 1904, Ex-Governor Frank S. Black tried to be nominated to succeed Depew. Black was supported by Governor Benjamin B. Odell Jr., but after intense fighting behind the scenes, Odell finally dropped Black and accepted Depew's re-election which had been supported by his fellow Senator Thomas C. Platt and Speaker S. Frederick Nixon. The Republican caucus met on January 16. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Chauncey M. Depew unanimously.

The Democratic caucus met also on January 16. They nominated again Smith M. Weed who had been the candidate of the Democratic minority in the U.S. Senate election of 1887.

1905 Democratic caucus for United States Senator result Candidate First ballot Green tick Smith M. Weed 42 D. Cady Herrick 14 Chauncey M. Depew was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.

1905 United States Senator election result Office House Republican Democrat State Senate (50 members) Green tick Chauncey M. Depew 36 Smith M. Weed 13 State Assembly (150 members) Green tick Chauncey M. Depew 100 Smith M. Weed 44 Note: The votes were cast on January 17, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 18 to compare nominations, and declare the result.

Pennsylvania Main article: 1905 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania and 1904 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania The election in Pennsylvania was held on January 17, 1905. Incumbent Philander C. Knox was elected by the Pennsylvania State Assembly to his first full term in the United States Senate.[13]

Republican Matthew Quay was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate in the previous election in January 1901. He served until his death on May 28, 1904.[14] In June 1904, Republican Philander C. Knox was appointed to serve out the remainder of Quay's term, ending on March 4, 1905, when he began a term in his own right.[15]

The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate, convened on January 17, 1905, to elect a Senator to serve the term beginning on March 4, 1905. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows: .... Expand this During the 58th Congress, there were several special elections that took place between July 1, 1903, and December 1, 1904, as well as regular elections for the 59th Congress that occurred between September 1, 1904, and November 1905.

Some notable races include:

Ohio - Charles W. F. Dick won the special election on August 5, 1904, following the resignation of Mark Hanna.

Delaware - No legislative action taken. Seat would remain open until June 13, 1906.

Indiana - Democrat Isadore Rayner defeated Republican Louis E. McComas in a legislative vote with 80 votes to 36.

Florida - Legislation failed to choose a successor to James Taliaferro. Appointee would eventually be chosen on April 20, 1905.

Connecticut - Republican Orville H. Platt passed away on April 21, 1905. Republican Frank B. Brandegee was chosen in a legislative vote with 227 votes to 34.

New York - Republican Chauncey M. Depew won against Democrat Smith M. Weed with 100 votes in favor versus 44 opposed.

Pennsylvania - Republican Philander C. Knox won a full six-year term in the Pennsylvania State Assembly.

These elections marked significant shifts in political power within the United States government. It is important to note that some states did not have successful elections for their respective senatorial positions, leaving those seats unfilled for varying periods. Overall, these contests played an essential role in shaping the composition of the United States Senate for both the 58th and 59th terms.