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16 Great Turkic Empires

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File:Presidential Seal of the Republic of Turkey.svg
Presidential Seal of Turkey

16 Great Turkish Empires[1][2][3] (Turkish: 16 Büyük Türk Devleti) is a discourse of Turkic history that was forged[4] in accordance with Turkish-Islamic Synthesis[1] in 1969 to explain the meaning of 16 stars of the presidential seal of Turkey.[1] It was inaugurated in 1985 with the presidential seal of today.[1] Each star symbolizes a "historic Turkish state" claimed by the Republic of Turkey.[5] Before this thesis was asserted, 16 stars of the presidential Seal of Turkey was explained as "16 Turkish beyliks".[6]

The list

The names of 16 "Great Turkish Empires" are listed below.

Turkish name[7] English translation[8] Founder [note 1] Article Dates[note 2]
Büyük Hun İmparatorluğu Great Hunnic Empire Touman Xiongnu 220 BC-46 BC
Batı Hun İmparatorluğu Western Hunnic Empire [note 3] Panu (first shanyu of Northern Xiongnu) (Southern Xiongnu) 48-216
Avrupa Hun İmparatorluğu European Hunnic Empire Balamber Hunnic Empire 375-469
Akhun İmparatorluğu White Hunnic Empire Hephthalite 390-577
Göktürk İmparatorluğu Göktürk Empire Bumin Khan Göktürks 552-745
Avar İmparatorluğu Avar Empire Bayan I Avar Khaganate 565-835
Hazar İmparatorluğu Khazar Empire Ziebel (probably Tong Khagan of Göktürks) Khazar Khaganate 651-983
Uygur Devleti Uighur State Kutluk Bilge Köl Uyghur Khaganate 745-1369 [note 4]
Karahanlılar Karahanids Kara-Khanid Khanate 940-1040
Gazneliler Gaznavids Alp Tekin Ghaznavids 962-1183
Büyük Selçuklu İmparatorluğu Great Seljukid Empire Selçuk Bey Great Seljuq Empire 1040–1157
Harzemşahlar Harzemshahs Muhammad I of Khwarazm Khwārazm-Shāh dynasty 1097–1231
Altınordu Devleti Golden Horde State Batu Khan[note 5] Golden Horde 1236–1502
Büyük Timur İmparatorluğu Great Timur Empire Timur Timurid Empire 1368–1501
Babür İmparatorluğu Babür Empire Babur Mughal Empire 1526-1858
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Ottoman Empire Osman I Ottoman Empire 1299-1922

Criticism

It needs further linguistic evidence to list the first four and the sixth (Avar) as Turkic states.[9]

See also

References and notes

Notes
  1. ^ In ancient states the name of the founder is not always evident. The name of the earliest monarch cited in Wikipedia is shown.
  2. ^ Dates are as shown in the original document
  3. ^ Issued from Great Hunnic Empire (Xiongnu)
  4. ^ Actually the khaganate 745-840, but Turpan Uyghurs survived till 1369
  5. ^ The founder was actually a Mongol. But the Mongols quickly assimilated in the presence of Turkic-speaking people.
References
  1. ^ a b c d , Central Eurasian Studies Review, Vol. 3, Central Eurasian Studies Society, 2004, p. 23
  2. ^ H. Feridun Demokan, Contemporary Turkey: Geography, History, Economy, Art, Tourism, Demokan, 1978, p. 4.
  3. ^ Necdet Evliyagil, Sami Güner, Basın-Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü, Ajans-Türk, Türkiye: Cumhuriyetin 50. Yıl Kitabı, Ajans-Türk Matbaacılık Sanayii, 1973.
  4. ^ Hüseyin Nihâl Atsız, "16 Devlet Masalı ve Uydurma Bayraklar" (16 State tales and fake flags), Ötüken , 65. sayı, 1969.Template:Tr icon
  5. ^ Official website ot the presidency
  6. ^ Yukarıdaki tanımlamada sözü edilen halk bu alan içinde oturmakta olan halktır. Bu nedenle Yeni Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'ni kuran Türk Ulusu'nun kökeni 16 Türk Beyliğine dayanır diyoruz. Bu halk, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin simgesi olan Cumhurbaşkanlığı forsunda 16 yıldız biçiminde Türk Ulusu adıyla somutlaşmıştır. Bir takım çarpık düşüncelerle, Cumhurbaşkanlığı forsundaki yıldızları eski Türk devletlerine bağlamak yanlıştır. Ne denli sıkıştırılsa, ne denli ince hesap yapılsa da tarihte kurulmuş en az 10 larla Türk devleti açıkta kalır. (X. Türk Tarih Kongresi, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1994, p. 2947. Template:Tr icon)
  7. ^ Official website of the presidency Template:Tr icon
  8. ^ "The Meaning of the Sun and the Stars in the Flag of Office" in the official website of the presidency (in English)
  9. ^ Ottoman academy page Template:Tr icon