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2010 Haiti earthquake

Coordinates: 18°27′05″N 72°26′43″W / 18.4514°N 72.4452°W / 18.4514; -72.4452
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2010 Haiti earthquake
UTC time??
Magnitude7.0 Mw
Depth6.2 miles (10.0 km)
Epicenter18°27′05″N 72°26′43″W / 18.4514°N 72.4452°W / 18.4514; -72.4452
Areas affected Haiti
 Dominican Republic
 Cuba
 Jamaica
 Venezuela
Max. intensityMM X[1]
Tsunaminone
Aftershocks5.9, 5.5
CasualtiesThousands of people are missing

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Template:FixBunching The 2010 Haiti earthquake was a catastrophic magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake centered approximately 10 miles (16 km) from Port-au-Prince, Haiti, at 16:53:09 local time (21:53:09 UTC) on Tuesday 12 January 2010.[2] The earthquake occurred at a depth of 6.2 miles (10.0 km). The United States Geological Survey recorded a series of aftershocks, twelve of them between magnitudes 5.0 and 5.9[3].

Most of Port-au-Prince's major landmarks have been significantly damaged or destroyed in the earthquake, including the Presidential Palace, the National Assembly building, the Port-au-Prince Cathedral and at least one hospital.[4][5] The United Nations reported that headquarters of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH), located in the capital, sustained serious damage and that a large number of UN personnel were unaccounted for (including the Mission's Chief and family).[6]

Background

Haitian ambassador to the U.S. Raymond Joseph called the earthquake "a catastrophe of major proportions".[7] The Associated Press called it the "largest earthquake ever recorded in the area",[8] although the 1692 Jamaica earthquake is said to have measured 7.5 on the moment magnitude scale.

Haiti is a poor country, ranked 149th on the Human Development Index (of 182 countries).[9] There is concern about the emergency services' ability to cope with a major disaster,[10] and the country is considered "economically vulnerable" by the Food and Agriculture Organization.[11]

The last time an earthquake of this magnitude hit the south of Hispaniola, the island that Haiti shares with the Dominican Republic, was in 1751.[12][13][14] MSNBC.com and NBC News reported USGS geophysicist Kristin Marano called it the strongest earthquake since 1770 in what is now Haiti. According to Moreau de Saint-Méry (1750-1819), while "only one masonry building had not collapsed" in Port-au-Prince during the 18 October 1751 earthquake, "the whole city collapsed" during the earthquake of 3 June 1770. The city of Cap-Haïtien and other cities in the Northern part of Haiti and the Dominican Republic were destroyed in an earthquake on 7 May 1842[15]. In 1946, a magnitude-8.0 earthquake struck the Dominican Republic and also shook Haiti, producing a tsunami that killed 1,790 people.[16] An earthquake hazard assessment completed in 2006 noted that the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault system could be at the end of its seismic cycle and forecasted a worst case of a magnitude 7.2 earthquake, similar in size to the 1692 Jamaica earthquake.[17] Paul Mann et al. presented a hazard assessment of the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault system to the 18th Caribbean Geologic Conference in March 2008, noting the large strain (overall equivalent to a 7.2 Mw earthquake); the team recommended "high priority" historical geologic rupture studies, as the fault was fully locked and had recorded few earthquakes in the preceding 40 years.[14] An article published in Haiti's Le Matin newspaper in September of 2008 cited comments by geologist Patrick Charles that there was a high risk of major seismic activity in Port-au-Prince.[18]

Earthquake details

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USGS intensity map

The earthquake occurred inland, on 12 January 2010, approximately 10 miles (16 km) WSW from Port-au-Prince at a depth of 6.2 miles (10.0 km) at 16:53 UTC-5[2] on the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault system.[19] Strong shaking with intensity VII - IX on the Modified Mercalli scale (MM) was recorded in Port-au-Prince and its suburbs. It was also felt in Cuba (MM III in Guantánamo), Jamaica (MM II in Kingston), Venezuela (MM II in Caracas), and the bordering country of Dominican Republic (MM III in Santo Domingo).[1][20]

The quake occurred in the vicinity of the northern boundary where the Caribbean tectonic plate shifts eastwards by about 20mm per year relative to the North American plate. The strike-slip fault system in the region has two branches in Haiti, the Septentrional fault in the north and the Enriquillo-Plaintain Garden fault in the south; seismic data suggests that the January 2010 quake was on the Enriquillo-Plaintain Garden fault, which had been locked solid for 250 years, gathering stress. The stress would ultimately have been relieved either by a large earthquake or a series of smaller ones. It is reported that the surface along the fault may have been offset in places by a meter or so[21].

The United States Geological Survey recorded six aftershocks in the two hours after the main earthquake of magnitudes approximately 5.9,[22] 5.5,[23] 5.1,[24] 4.8,[25] 4.5,[26] and 4.5.[27] Within the first nine hours 26 aftershocks of magnitude 4.2 or greater were recorded, with twelve of them magnitude 5.0 or greater.[28]

According to a member of the U.S. Geological Survey, based on the strength and location of the quake, about three million people would have been affected. Since the quake occurred under land rather than water, structures and people on the surface were directly exposed to the tremors, particularly since the fault was quite shallow.[7]

The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center issued a tsunami warning after the quake,[8] but cancelled it shortly afterwards.[29] hi my name is bob

Aftermath

The buildings of the National Palace, the finance ministry, ministry of public works, the ministry of communication and culture, the Palace of Justice, the Superior Normal School, Parliament, and the Port-au-Prince Cathedral were damaged to varying degrees.[30][31] Communications were also seriously disrupted, with a Haitian diplomat saying, "Communication is absolutely impossible ... I've been trying to call my ministry and I cannot get through."[8] A hospital in Pétionville, a wealthy suburb of Port-au-Prince, also collapsed from the earthquake.[32] The headquarters of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) - the Christopher Hotel,[33][34] and offices of the World Bank were destroyed.[35] Among the missing from MINUSTAH HQ include head of mission Hédi Annabi. [36] The head of the UN mission in Haiti, along with many other UN personnel, including eight Chinese workers, are reported dead.

Early reports stated that thousands were feared dead.[37] Reports from the country such as estimates of the death toll and infrastructure damages were not expected until daybreak on Wednesday due to the communication problems that have occurred since the earthquake.[citation needed]

Casualties among foreigners

  •  United Nations At least seven peacekeepers were reported dead and more are missing when the headquarters collapsed.[38] French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner told two French radio stations that everyone in the U.N. building, including mission head Hédi Annabi, appears to have died in the earthquake. He said his information had come from the French ambassador in Haiti. France's foreign minister also said Wednesday however that everyone inside the UN headquarters appeared to have been killed, including the head of the country's U.N. mission. [5]
  • Chinese and Jordanian press reported that at least eight Chinese and three Jordanian U.N. peacekeepers died in the earthquake.
  • Haitian-American musician Wyclef Jean reported on 12 January on CNN that he had received word that Haitian hip hop artist Jimmy O. Barikad had been killed in the quake. [39]
  •  Brazil: At least four Brazilian soldiers were killed and five are injured.[40] The Brazilian pediatrician and founder of Pastoral for Children Zilda Arns is among the victims.[41]
  •  Canada: Three Canadian police officers of the international training cadre are reported missing. [42] All members of the SPVM have been accounted for, as safe. [43]

Reactions

Caritas Internationalis

File:Papcathedrale.jpg
The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption in Port-au-Prince, which was built in the year 1749, was destroyed during the earthquake.

Caritas Internationalis will provide immediate help to survivors of a deadly earthquake in Haiti. Caritas Internationalis has assembled an emergency relief team that is flying to Haiti to provide support to Caritas members already working in the country.

There has yet been any contact with Caritas Haiti. The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption in Port-au-Prince is badly damaged.

Catholic Relief Services (a Caritas member in the USA) has been in communication with its staff in Haiti. Their office is still standing and staff present at the time of the quake are safe. CRS staff described the quake as "a major hit… a direct hit".

Caritas Internationalis Humanitarian Director Alistair Dutton is leading the team. He said, "There is a strong Caritas presence in Haiti. We already know that Caritas staff will be providing support to survivors of the earthquake, such as food, shelter and comfort through churches and parish networks. A priority for Caritas will be to assess the damage and our local capacity to provide aid to survivors of the quake. Caritas runs over 200 hospitals and medical centres in Haiti. It is experienced and prepared to respond to humanitarian disasters there as a result of the frequent hurricanes. Communications with our staff of the ground is difficult, but we are piecing together a picture of desperate need. Haiti is the poorest country in the western hemisphere. Conflict, recent natural disasters, and poverty has left Haitians with a weak infrastructure. Working in that environment will be difficult."[44]

Canada

Governor General Michaëlle Jean, who was born in Haiti, said, "I am following, with great attention and concern, the emerging reports regarding the earthquake that struck Haiti with force, and which was felt elsewhere in the region."[45]

Prime Minister Stephen Harper advised "While officials are currently assessing the damage and the possibility of Canadians injured, Canada stands ready to provide any necessary assistance to the people of Haiti during this time of need"[46]

Opposition Leader Michael Ignatieff stated,"In the days ahead, we must work together to ensure the safety of all those affected by this earthquake, and we offer our support and encouragement for any efforts by the Government of Canada to bring quick assistance to this region."

United States

President Barack Obama said, "My thoughts and prayers go out to those who have been affected by this earthquake. We are closely monitoring the situation and we stand ready to assist the people of Haiti."[47]

Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said, "The United States is offering our full assistance to Haiti and to others in the region. We will be providing both civilian and military disaster relief and humanitarian assistance and our prayers are with the people who have suffered, their families and their loved ones." [48]

Haitian ambassador to the U.S. Raymond Joseph called the earthquake "a catastrophe of major proportions".[7]

As of 13 January, the U.S. Navy hospital ship USNS Comfort was preparing to deploy to Haiti.

International aid

Appeals for international aid have been issued, including from Raymond Joseph, Haiti's ambassador to the United States and his nephew, singer Wyclef Jean,[49] also a "roving ambassador" for Haiti.[50]

Amateur radio operators are also providing relief during the disaster.[51]

 Belgium: Belgium will send its B-Fast team with 58 people, they are to be dispatched on 13 January 2010. [52]

 Brazil: President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva expressed his sorrow since the country leads in MINUSTAH, the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti. The MINUSTAH headquarters in Haiti was destroyed in the quake. Peru's representatives of MINUSTAH will send more aid and will help in Haiti's reorganization.[53]

 Canada: Foreign minister Lawrence Cannon has stated that Canada may send the DART.[54]

 China: P.R. China sent a 60-member rescue team following the quake. The team consists of rescuers, medical personnel, experts, and three search dogs. The team left the following day from Beijing. [55][56]

 Dominican Republic: President Leonel Fernández rallied the international community to help its neighbor to overcome a "real tragedy." Its air force is currently picking up survivors for aid and is transporting trained dogs to sniff for victims under rubble.[53]

 EU: The EC has released €3m in emergency funding and is expecting to do more once an EU expert reports back with a clearer picture of needs.[57]

 France: Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner said France will dispatch aid to the country.[53]

 Iceland: The government has decided to send a International SAR team, specialized in searching for survivors in collapsed buildings. [58]

 Israel: The Foreign Affairs Ministry dispatched a rescue team to the Haiti while IsraAid, an Israeli humanitarian organization is planing to send a 12-man search-and-rescue team, which includes emergency medical staff.[59]

 Mexico: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs will deploy a plan used to aid Mexicans in disasters to be used in Haiti.[53]

 Puerto Rico: The government has authorized a mission of workers and physicians to aid in providing search support, medical care and food to the island nation.[60]

  Switzerland: A Swiss Air-Ambulance [failed verification] jet left Zürich on Wednesday morning to Port-au-Prince [failed verification] with a quick-response team from the Swiss Humanitarian Aid Unit [failed verification] in order to identify local needs and prepare further deployment. [61] [62]

 Turkey: The Turkish Red Crescent has sent a team to the region.[63]

 UK: The day after the quake, a team of 61 firefighters from the United Kingdom volunteered to go to Haiti in an effort to rescue survivors. The team would be equipped with specialized equipment such as heavy equipment, cameras and acoustic listening devices. [64]

 USA: Immediately after the earthquake, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said the United States would provide civilian and military disaster relief and humanitarian assistance to Haiti.[65]

USAID is sending a disaster assistance response team to Haiti. The Fairfax County (Va.) Urban Search and Rescue Team and the Los Angeles County Search and Rescue Team were alerted and are going to Haiti as well to assist.[66][67]

 Venezuela: Foreign Minister Nicolás Maduro ordered 50 repesentatives from his country to transport food and aid. Colombia's president, Álvaro Uribe Vélez and Vice President Juan Carlos Varela of Panama are doing similar efforts for aid to Haiti.[53]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2010 Haiti earthquake.

References

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  2. ^ a b "USGS Magnitude 7.0 - HAITI REGION". Retrieved 13 January 2010.
  3. ^ Earthquake Center, USGS. "Latest Earthquakes M5.0+ in the World – Past 7 days". Earthquake Hazards Program. United States Geological Survery. Retrieved 13 January 2010.
  4. ^ Fournier, Keith (2010-01-13). "Devastating 7.0 Earthquake Hammers Beleagured Island Nation of Haiti". Catholic Online. Retrieved 2010-01-13.
  5. ^ "Quake 'levels Haiti presidential palace'". Sydney Morning Herald. 2010-01-13. Retrieved 2010-01-13.
  6. ^ "Statement from the Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Alain Le Roy". United Nations. 2010-01-13. Retrieved 2010-01-13.
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  24. ^ "Magnitude 5.1 – HAITI REGION". 2010-01-12. Retrieved 2010-01-12.
  25. ^ "Magnitude 4.8 – HAITI REGION". 2010-01-12. Retrieved 2010-01-12.
  26. ^ "Magnitude 4.5 – HAITI REGION". 2010-01-12. Retrieved 2010-01-12.
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  28. ^ "Earthquake List for Map of N America Region". United States Geological Survey. 2010-01-13 (05:33:52 UTC). Retrieved 2010-01-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  29. ^ "Tsunami Message Number 3". NOAA. Retrieved 12 January 2010. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
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  34. ^ Foreign Staff, The Times (13 January 2010). "Thousands feared dead as huge earthquake destroys Haiti presidential palace". The Times. Retrieved 13 January 2010. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  35. ^ http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1213577020100113?type=marketsNews
  36. ^ (Google News) Canadian Press, "UN says Haiti headquarters collapsed in earthquake, large number of personnel missing", Edith M. Lederer, 13 January 2010 (accessed 13/01/10)
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  40. ^ JONATHAN M. KATZ The Associated Press Port-au-Prince in shambles, The Chronicle Herald.ca
  41. ^ Fundadora da Pastoral da Criança estava no Haiti durante tremor
  42. ^ CBC Morning News, 13 January 2009 @ 10:00am
  43. ^ Template:Fr icon LCN Matin, 13 January 2009 @ 9:30am
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  45. ^ Michaëlle Jean comments on Haiti earthquake
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  50. ^ http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16459449/
  51. ^ http://www.iresc.org/
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  55. ^ http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2010-01/13/content_12802216.htm
  56. ^ China rescue team leaves for Haiti[2]
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  67. ^ USAID Responds Immediately to Haiti Earthquake[4]
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