2018 Turkish presidential election
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The 81 voting Provinces of Turkey | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Turkish presidential election of 2018 is scheduled to occur on 24 June 2018 as part of the 2018 general election, alongside parliamentary elections on the same day. Following the approval of constitutional changes in a referendum held in 2017, the elected President will be both the head of state and head of government of Turkey, taking over the latter role from the to-be-abolished office of the Prime Minister.[2] The election was originally scheduled for November 2019, though after calls from Nationalist Movement Party leader Devlet Bahçeli for a snap election, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced on 18 April 2018 that it would be brought forward.[3]
Incumbent president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan declared his candidacy for the People's Alliance (Turkish: Cumhur İttifakı) on 27 April 2018.[4] Besides Erdoğan, Meral Akşener has announced her candidacy for İyi Party.[5]
Electoral system
The President of Turkey is directly elected through the two-round system, under which a candidate must obtain at least 50%+1 of the popular vote in order to be elected. If no candidate secures an overall majority outright, then a runoff is held between the two most voted-for candidates from the first round, the winner of which is then declared elected. The first direct election to the Turkish presidency was held in 2014, after a referendum in 2007 abolished the previous system under which the head of state was elected by the legislature, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The President of Turkey is subject to term limits, and may serve at most two consecutive five-year terms.
Prospective presidential candidates must be at least 40 years old and must have completed higher education. Any political party that has won 5% of the vote in the previous parliamentary election can put forward a candidate, although parties that have not met this threshold can form alliances and field joint candidates as long as their total vote share exceeds 5%. Independents can run if they collect 100,000 signatures from the electorate.[6] An estimate released in July 2017 predicted that collecting 100,000 signatures to stand for election could exceed ₺15 million (US$4.2 million) in costs, if each individual signature would require certification by a notary.[7]
Based on the results of the previous general election results in November 2015, only the Justice and Development Party (AKP), Republican People's Party (CHP), Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) are eligible to field candidates for the presidential election. The remaining parties combined received under 3% of the vote and are thus unable to field either a joint candidate or a candidate in their own right. In addition to past election results, parties that has a parliamentary group can nominate a candidate. Thus, İyi Parti is also eligible to nominate their candidate.
Opinion polls
Presidential candidates
Nomination process
People's Alliance (AKP and MHP)
The governing Justice and Development Party (AK Party or AKP) entered the elections in an alliance with the smaller Nationalist Movement Party (MHP). Having won public support from MHP leader Devlet Bahçeli, incumbent president and AKP leader Recep Tayyip Erdoğan is widely expected to be the Alliance candidate.
In the 2014 presidential election, the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) opted to support the candidacy of Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu, who was also backed by main opposition Republican People's Party and 12 minor parties. İhsanoğlu ultimately lost the election to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the Justice and Development Party.[8] Following the 2015 parliamentary elections and the failed 15 July 2016 military coup, the MHP moved closer to President Erdoğan and the AKP, supporting the latter's push for the ultimately successful 2017 referendum to switch Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system. In the aftermath of the referendum, there were speculations surrounding the MHP's choice of candidate for the next presidential election, scheduled for November 2019. While former MHP deputy Sinan Oğan declared his pre-candidacy for the presidency in 2017,[9] party leader Devlet Bahçeli announced on 8 January 2018 that the MHP would support a potential re-election bid for Erdoğan, and that they would seek to enter formal talks with the AKP on co-operation in both presidential and parliamentary elections.[10][11] On 20 February 2018, the Nationalist Movement party formally entered into the People's Alliance coalition with the AKP.[12]
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Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |
President |
Nominated |
- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
, incumbent President of Turkey and leader of the Justice and Development Party (AKP)[13]
Republican People's Party (CHP)
The Republican People's Party (CHP) declared on 24 April 2018 that its parliamentary group would decide its presidential candidate. The party's leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu is regarded as the most likely candidate, despite ruling himself out on multiple occasions before the election was announced.[14] Two days after the election was called, CHP Members of Parliament Öztürk Yılmaz and Didem Engin declared interest in running as their party's candidate, while Muharrem İnce and Haluk Pekşen were also rumoured to have started gathering support for a potential run. On 23 April, it was reported that the CHP had narrowed down their potential candidates to two, namely Muharrem İnce and Eskişehir Mayor Yılmaz Büyükerşen, although İstanbul MP İlhan Kesici was still mentioned as a third option.[15]
At the same time as attempting to determine a party candidate, the CHP conducted meetings with other parties to explore the prospect of a joint nominee. On 22 April, the CHP took the decision to allow 15 CHP MPs to cross over to the İYİ Party to guarantee them an election run, raising speculation over İYİ leader Meral Akşener as a potential joint candidate.[16]. On 23 April, Kılıçdaroğlu met with Felicity Party (SP) leader Temel Karamollaoğlu, with Karamollaoğlu calling for a triple alliance between the CHP, İYİ and his own party to nominate former President Abdullah Gül. The potential joint candidacy of Gül, a former member of the AK Party, was not outrightly denied by the CHP, leading to criticism across CHP voters.[17] With the İYİ Party insisting on nominating Akşener, the probability of a triple alliance has decreased.[18]
After forming the Nation alliance with the İyi, Felicity, and Democratic parties in early May 2018, the leadership of the Republican People's Party reiterated its intention to field its own candidate for the presidential election. On 3 May 2018, the central CHP figure İlhan Kesici announced that the party would nominate Muharrem İnce, a CHP member of parliament for Yalova, as its presidential candidate.[19] Party leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu is scheduled to formally proclaim İnce's candidacy during a press conference on 4 May 2018.[20]
Independent or cross-party candidates | |||||||
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Abdullah Gül | Meral Akşener | İlker Başbuğ | Cem Boyner | Ali Koç | Metin Feyzioğlu | Abdüllatif Şener | Kemal Derviş |
Former President | İYİ Party leader | Former Chief of General Staff | CEO of Boyner Holding | Businessman | TBB president | Former Deputy Prime Minister | Former Minister of Economic Affairs |
Declined | Speculated | Speculated | Speculated | Speculated | Speculated | Speculated | Speculated |
- Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, leader of the Republican People's Party (CHP) and Member of Parliament for İzmir's second electoral district (declined July 2017, still speculated)[21][22]
- Öztürk Yılmaz, CHP Member of Parliament for Ardahan and deputy leader responsible for foreign affairs (declared interest 20 April)[23]
- Didem Engin, CHP Member of Parliament for İstanbul's second electoral district (declared interest 20 April)[24]
- Muharrem İnce
, CHP Member of Parliament for Yalova[25]
- Deniz Baykal, former Deputy Prime Minister, former leader of the CHP and current Member of Parliament for Antalya (hospitalised since October 2017)[26][27]
- Yılmaz Büyükerşen, current Mayor of Eskişehir[28]
- İlhan Kesici, CHP Member of Parliament for İstanbul's first electoral district[29]
- Haluk Koç, CHP Member of Parliament for Ankara's second electoral district and former party spokesperson[30]
- Özgür Özel, CHP Member of Parliament for Manisa and parliamentary group leader[31]
- Haluk Pekşen, CHP Member of Parliament for Trabzon[32]
- Aziz Kocaoğlu, Mayor of İzmir[33]
- Faik Öztrak, CHP Member of Parliament for Tekirdağ[34]
- Murat Karayalçın, former Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey[35]
- Mehmet Haberal, former CHP MP for Zonguldak[36]
- Abdullah Gül, former AK Party Prime Minister and 11th President of Turkey[37]
- Meral Akşener, leader of the İYİ Party (potential CHP support speculated)[38]
- İlker Başbuğ, former Chief of General Staff of Turkey[39]
- Cem Boyner, CEO of Boyner Holding[40]
- Ali Koç, Turkish businessman, son of Rahmi Koç and former Vice President of Fenerbahçe S.K.[41]
- Metin Feyzioğlu, President of the Turkish Bars Association (TBB)[42]
- Abdüllatif Şener, former Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey[43]
- Kemal Derviş, former Minister of Economic Affairs and former Administrator to the United Nations Development Program[44]
Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP)
The co-leader of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) Pervin Buldan announced in March 2018 that they would field a candidate.[45] Since then, the party's former co-leader and 2014 presidential candidate Selahattin Demirtaş has been widely regarded as the frontrunner to be the HDP's candidate. However, Demirtaş has remained imprisoned since November 2016 awaiting trial on a multitude of charges ranging from insulting the president to inciting terrorism.[46]. Following the announcement of the early election, Demirtaş announced that his party would work to find an effective and encompassing candidate, ruling himself out of the race.[47]
On 24 April, HDP co-leader Sezai Temelli announced that they would field a candidate that was 'strong and will encompass all of Turkey.'[48] On 24 April, it was reported that despite initial speculation to the contrary, Demirtaş would be the HDP's candidate for the second time.[49] This was confirmed on 25 April, as the HDP executive voted to nominate him as their candidate.[50]
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Selahattin Demirtaş | Filiz Kerestecioğlu | Sırrı Süreyya Önder | Ertuğrul Kürkçü | Rıza Türmen | Figen Yüksekdağ | Ufuk Uras | Gençay Gürsoy | Şebnem Korur Fincancı |
İstanbul (I) MP | İstanbul (II) MP | Ankara (I) MP | former HDP co-leader and İzmir (I) MP | Former CHP MP | Former HDP co-leader | Former ÖDP leader | Medical surgeon | Medical surgeon and journalist |
Nominated |
Declined | Ineligible | Ineligible | Speculated | Ineligible | Declined | Declined | Declined |
- Selahattin Demirtaş
, former co-leader of the HDP, 2014 presidential candidate and Member of Parliament for İstanbul's first electoral district (imprisoned since November 2016; nominated 25 April 2018)[51]
- Filiz Kerestecioğlu, HDP Member of Parliament for İstanbul's second electoral district (declined 18 April 2018)[52]
- Sırrı Süreyya Önder, HDP Member of Parliament for Ankara's first electoral district (ineligile due to the lack of a university degree)[53]
- Ertuğrul Kürkçü, former HDP co-leader and Member of Parliament for İzmir's first electoral district (ineligile due to the lack of a university degree)[54]
- Rıza Türmen, former CHP Member of Parliament[55]
- Figen Yüksekdağ, former HDP co-leader (party membership legally revoked as of March 2017, lacks university degree)[56]
- Ufuk Uras, former leader of the ÖDP and former Member of Parliament under the Labour, Democracy and Freedom Bloc[57]
- Gençay Gürsoy, Turkish medical surgeon[58]
- Şebnem Korur Fincancı, Turkish medical surgeon and journalist[59]
İYİ Party
The İYİ Party, formed on 25 October 2017, has campaigned on the promise of reverting Turkey back to a parliamentary system of government, as opposed to the executive presidency that will take effect following the elections. The party's leader Meral Akşener declared her candidacy for the presidency on the day of her party's establishment, becoming on of the earliest declared candidates. On 18 April 2018, shortly after the early election was announced, Akşener re-affirmed her candidacy and stated that her party would find 100,000 signatures nominated her as a candidate. Early in the evening of May 4, 2018, it was announced that Akşener received 127,850 signatures, becoming the first of the four candidates to cross the threshold.
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Meral Akşener |
İYİ Party leader |
Nominated |
- Meral Akşener
, former Interior Minister, Deputy Speaker of the Grand National Assembly and leader of the İYİ Party (declared 25 October 2017, nominated 24 April 2018)[60][61][62]
Felicity Party
Despite winning less than 1% of the vote in the previous general election, the Felicity Party's (SP) candidate selection process was subject to much media speculation due to the prospect of them joining an anti-Erdoğan alliance and fielding a joint candidate. The recent success of SP leader Temel Karamollaoğlu in gaining media attention for his party meant that the leaders of both the Republican People's Party (CHP) and the İYİ Party met with Karamollaoğlu to discuss a joint alliance. Karamollaoğlu proposed Abdullah Gül as a joint candidate, but heavy opposition from the CHP and the insistence of Meral Akşener on being her own party's candidate led to this proposal being rejected.
The SP conducted an internal poll of four candidates, which emerged with Temel Karamollaoğlu being announced as the party's candidate on 1 May.[63] Early in the evening of May 4, 2018, it was announced that Karamollaoğlu received 44,967 signatures, representing a deficit of 55,033. As of May 6, 2018, Karamollaoğlu received 116,414 signatures, becoming the second out of the four candidates to cross the threshold.
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Temel Karamollaoğlu | Abdullah Gül | Haşim Kılıç | Abdüllatif Şener |
Felicity Party leader | Former President | Former President of the Constitutional Court | Former Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey |
Nominated |
Declined | Speculated | Speculated |
- Temel Karamollaoğlu
, former Mayor of Sivas and leader of the SP (nominated 1 May 2018)
- Abdullah Gül, former President of Turkey (declined 28 April 2018)
- Haşim Kılıç, former President of the Constitutional Court
- Abdüllatif Şener, former Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey
Others
Besides the AKP, CHP, MHP and HDP, no other party can nominate candidates without collecting 100,000 signatures first. In 2017, the Felicity Party (SP) preliminarily announced that they would bring forward a candidate by gathering 100,000 signatures in order to bypass the 5% threshold. In January 2018, SP leader Temel Karamollaoğlu replied that former President Abdullah Gül could be their potential candidate. During a convention on January 17, 2018, Karamollaoğlu pointed out that there is "no rule of law left" in Turkey due to President Erdoğan's increasing authoritarianism, in addition to ruling out an alleged alliance with the CHP on the same day. Although SP is against the AKP roadmap, Erdoğan held several talks with the SP in February 2018 to allegedly convince the party executive into endorsement, as he successfully did with the Great Unity Party (BBP). On February 14, 2018, Karamollaoğlu reaffirmed his anti-alliance stance and confirmed that the SP will definitively have their own presidential candidate.
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Doğu Perinçek | Vecdet Öz | Sinan Oğan | Tuna Bekleviç | Levent Gültekin |
VATAN leader | Justice Party (AP) leader | Former MHP MP | Economist | Journalist |
Nominated |
Nominated |
Declared | Declared | Declared |
- Doğu Perinçek, leader of the Patriotic Party (announced 27 January 2018, received 35,391 signatures as of May 6, 2018)[64]
- Vecdet Öz, leader of the Justice Party (AP), nominated as the joint candidate of the AP, True Path Party and Motherland Party (ANAP) (received 920 signatures as of May 6, 2018)[65]
- Sinan Oğan, former MHP Member of Parliament for Iğdır (declared interest 18 April 2017, suspended from MHP on 19 July 2017).[9][66]
- Tuna Bekleviç, Former consultant to the Ministry of European Union Affairs and leader of the Hayır Party (announced 26 September 2017)[67]
- Levent Gültekin, journalist (announced 18 April 2018)[68]
Akşener, Karamollaoğlu, Perinçek and Öz were the only candidates that applied by the deadline required for the collection of 100,000 signatures.[69]
Official candidates
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Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | Muharrem İnce | Selahattin Demirtaş | Meral Akşener | Temel Karamollaoğlu | Doğu Perinçek | Vecdet Öz |
People's Alliance | CHP | HDP | İYİ | SP | VATAN | AP |
Nominated with parliamentary group[70], pending YSK approval. | Nominated with parliamentary group[71], pending YSK approval. | Nominated with parliamentary group[72], pending YSK approval. | Nominated with 100,000 signatures [73], pending YSK approval.[74] | Nominated with 100,000 signatures [75], pending YSK approval.[74] | Declared[76], pending 100,000 signatures.[74] | Declared[77], pending 100,000 signatures.[74] |
Campaign
Erdoğan campaign
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, incumbent President of Turkey since 2014, was officially nominated as the presidential candidate of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) on 3 May 2018.[78] Shortly thereafter, the nominally oppositional Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) reiterated that it would endorse Erdoğan's candidacy, and would jointly apply to the electoral commission for its formal registration.[79] In early May, it was confirmed by Erdoğan that he would be visiting the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo in the early stages of the campaign, most likely on 20 May 2018, and hold campaign rallies with the Bosnian Turks to drum up support for his re-election bid.[80]
İnce campaign
Muharrem İnce, a member of parliament for Yalova, was announced as the presidential candidate of the Republican People's Party (CHP) on 3 May 2018.[81] On the following day, 4 May, party leader Kemal Kilicdaroglu formally proclaimed the CHP's support for İnce.[82] Shortly thereafter, the CHP began preparations for the campaign season, launching the production of campaign material and merchandise. It was revealed in early May that İnce's campaign would adopt the slogan “Türkiye’ye güvence Muharrem İnce”, roughly translating to "Muharrem İnce, an assurance to Turkey",[83] and that it would be kicked off with an election rally in his home city of Yalova on 5 May.[84]
Demirtaş campaign
Selahattin Demirtaş was officially announced as the candidate of the People's Democratic Party (HDP) on 4 May 2018, after members of the party had hinted at his candidacy weeks in advance.[85] Party leader Pervin Buldan declared that Demirtaş, a jailed former co-chair of the HDP, would be leading a five-party "Kurdish alliance" into the general election.[86]
Akşener campaign
Meral Akşener was nominated as the candidate of the İyi Party on 4 May 2018, after she had succesfully collected the 100,000 signatures required for minor party candidates to gain ballot access. Reportedly, she passed this threshold less than four hours after having launched her signature collection campaign.[87]
Karamollaoğlu campaign
Temel Karamollaoğlu was nominated as the candidate of the Felicity Party (SP) on 6 May 2018, after he had succesfully collected the 100,000 signatures required for minor party candidates to gain ballot access. Karamollaoğlu's campaign adopted the slogan "Türkiye'ye Bilge Başkan" (A Wise Leader to Turkey).
Perinçek campaign
Öz campaign
Notes
- ^ Since 2016 in preventive detention in Istanbul[1]
- ^ Supported by the left-wing political parties and groups of the HDK
References
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{{cite web}}
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