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2018 Turkish presidential election

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Turkish presidential election, 2018
← 2014 24 June 2018 2023 →
Opinion polls
 
Candidate Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Muharrem İnce
Party AK Party CHP
Alliance People's Alliance Nation Alliance
 
Candidate Selahattin Demirtaş[a] Meral Akşener
Party HDP İYİ
Alliance [[None[b]|None[b]]] Nation Alliance
The 81 voting Provinces of Turkey
Incumbent President

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
AK Party



The Turkish presidential election of 2018 is scheduled to occur on 24 June 2018 as part of the 2018 general election, alongside parliamentary elections on the same day. Following the approval of constitutional changes in a referendum held in 2017, the elected President will be both the head of state and head of government of Turkey, taking over the latter role from the to-be-abolished office of the Prime Minister.[2] The election was originally scheduled for November 2019, though after calls from Nationalist Movement Party leader Devlet Bahçeli for a snap election, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced on 18 April 2018 that it would be brought forward.[3]

Incumbent president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan declared his candidacy for the People's Alliance (Turkish: Cumhur İttifakı) on 27 April 2018.[4] Besides Erdoğan, Meral Akşener has announced her candidacy for İyi Party.[5]

Electoral system

The President of Turkey is directly elected through the two-round system, under which a candidate must obtain at least 50%+1 of the popular vote in order to be elected. If no candidate secures an overall majority outright, then a runoff is held between the two most voted-for candidates from the first round, the winner of which is then declared elected. The first direct election to the Turkish presidency was held in 2014, after a referendum in 2007 abolished the previous system under which the head of state was elected by the legislature, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The President of Turkey is subject to term limits, and may serve at most two consecutive five-year terms.

Prospective presidential candidates must be at least 40 years old and must have completed higher education. Any political party that has won 5% of the vote in the previous parliamentary election can put forward a candidate, although parties that have not met this threshold can form alliances and field joint candidates as long as their total vote share exceeds 5%. Independents can run if they collect 100,000 signatures from the electorate.[6] An estimate released in July 2017 predicted that collecting 100,000 signatures to stand for election could exceed ₺15 million (US$4.2 million) in costs, if each individual signature would require certification by a notary.[7]

Based on the results of the previous general election results in November 2015, only the Justice and Development Party (AKP), Republican People's Party (CHP), Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) are eligible to field candidates for the presidential election. The remaining parties combined received under 3% of the vote and are thus unable to field either a joint candidate or a candidate in their own right. In addition to past election results, parties that has a parliamentary group can nominate a candidate. Thus, İyi Parti is also eligible to nominate their candidate.

Opinion polls

Main article: Opinion polling for the Turkish general election, 2018

Presidential candidates

Nomination process

People's Alliance (AKP and MHP)

The governing Justice and Development Party (AK Party or AKP) entered the elections in an alliance with the smaller Nationalist Movement Party (MHP). Having won public support from MHP leader Devlet Bahçeli, incumbent president and AKP leader Recep Tayyip Erdoğan is widely expected to be the Alliance candidate.

In the 2014 presidential election, the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) opted to support the candidacy of Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu, who was also backed by main opposition Republican People's Party and 12 minor parties. İhsanoğlu ultimately lost the election to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the Justice and Development Party.[8] Following the 2015 parliamentary elections and the failed 15 July 2016 military coup, the MHP moved closer to President Erdoğan and the AKP, supporting the latter's push for the ultimately successful 2017 referendum to switch Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system. In the aftermath of the referendum, there were speculations surrounding the MHP's choice of candidate for the next presidential election, scheduled for November 2019. While former MHP deputy Sinan Oğan declared his pre-candidacy for the presidency in 2017,[9] party leader Devlet Bahçeli announced on 8 January 2018 that the MHP would support a potential re-election bid for Erdoğan, and that they would seek to enter formal talks with the AKP on co-operation in both presidential and parliamentary elections.[10][11] On 20 February 2018, the Nationalist Movement party formally entered into the People's Alliance coalition with the AKP.[12]

style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Justice and Development Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"|
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
President
Nominated Green tickY

Republican People's Party (CHP)

CHP leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu and Felicity Party leader Temel Karamollaoğlu meet to discuss a potential joint candidate on 23 April 2018

The Republican People's Party (CHP) declared on 24 April 2018 that its parliamentary group would decide its presidential candidate. The party's leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu is regarded as the most likely candidate, despite ruling himself out on multiple occasions before the election was announced.[14] Two days after the election was called, CHP Members of Parliament Öztürk Yılmaz and Didem Engin declared interest in running as their party's candidate, while Muharrem İnce and Haluk Pekşen were also rumoured to have started gathering support for a potential run. On 23 April, it was reported that the CHP had narrowed down their potential candidates to two, namely Muharrem İnce and Eskişehir Mayor Yılmaz Büyükerşen, although İstanbul MP İlhan Kesici was still mentioned as a third option.[15]

At the same time as attempting to determine a party candidate, the CHP conducted meetings with other parties to explore the prospect of a joint nominee. On 22 April, the CHP took the decision to allow 15 CHP MPs to cross over to the İYİ Party to guarantee them an election run, raising speculation over İYİ leader Meral Akşener as a potential joint candidate.[16]. On 23 April, Kılıçdaroğlu met with Felicity Party (SP) leader Temel Karamollaoğlu, with Karamollaoğlu calling for a triple alliance between the CHP, İYİ and his own party to nominate former President Abdullah Gül. The potential joint candidacy of Gül, a former member of the AK Party, was not outrightly denied by the CHP, leading to criticism across CHP voters.[17] With the İYİ Party insisting on nominating Akşener, the probability of a triple alliance has decreased.[18]

After forming the Nation alliance with the İyi, Felicity, and Democratic parties in early May 2018, the leadership of the Republican People's Party reiterated its intention to field its own candidate for the presidential election. On 3 May 2018, the central CHP figure İlhan Kesici announced that the party would nominate Muharrem İnce, a CHP member of parliament for Yalova, as its presidential candidate.[19] Party leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu is scheduled to formally proclaim İnce's candidacy during a press conference on 4 May 2018.[20]

CHP members
File:Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu 3 (cropped).jpg
File:Haluk Koç2.jpg
style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Republican People's Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Republican People's Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Republican People's Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Republican People's Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Republican People's Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Republican People's Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Republican People's Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Republican People's Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"|
Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu Öztürk Yılmaz Didem Engin Muharrem İnce Deniz Baykal Yılmaz Büyükerşen İlhan Kesici Haluk Koç
İzmir (II) MP and CHP leader Ardahan MP and deputy leader İstanbul (II) MP Yalova MP Antalya MP and former leader Mayor of Eskişehir İstanbul (I) MP Ankara (II) MP
Speculated Declared interest Declared interest Nominated Green tickY Speculated Speculated Speculated Speculated
File:Faik Öztrak.jpg
style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Republican People's Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Republican People's Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Republican People's Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Republican People's Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Republican People's Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Republican People's Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Republican People's Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Republican People's Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"|
Özgür Özel Haluk Pekşen Aziz Kocaoğlu Faik Öztrak Murat Karayalçın Mehmet Haberal Umut Oran Selin Sayek Böke
Manisa MP Trabzon MP Mayor of İzmir Tekirdağ MP Former Deputy Prime Minister Former Zonguldak MP Former Istanbul III MP Izmir II MP
Speculated Speculated Speculated Speculated Speculated Speculated Speculated Speculated


Independent or cross-party candidates
style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Justice and Development Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:İYİ Party/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Independent politician/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Independent politician/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Independent politician/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Independent politician/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Independent politician/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Independent politician/meta/color;"|
Abdullah Gül Meral Akşener İlker Başbuğ Cem Boyner Ali Koç Metin Feyzioğlu Abdüllatif Şener Kemal Derviş
Former President İYİ Party leader Former Chief of General Staff CEO of Boyner Holding Businessman TBB president Former Deputy Prime Minister Former Minister of Economic Affairs
Declined Speculated Speculated Speculated Speculated Speculated Speculated Speculated

Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP)

The co-leader of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) Pervin Buldan announced in March 2018 that they would field a candidate.[45] Since then, the party's former co-leader and 2014 presidential candidate Selahattin Demirtaş has been widely regarded as the frontrunner to be the HDP's candidate. However, Demirtaş has remained imprisoned since November 2016 awaiting trial on a multitude of charges ranging from insulting the president to inciting terrorism.[46]. Following the announcement of the early election, Demirtaş announced that his party would work to find an effective and encompassing candidate, ruling himself out of the race.[47]

On 24 April, HDP co-leader Sezai Temelli announced that they would field a candidate that was 'strong and will encompass all of Turkey.'[48] On 24 April, it was reported that despite initial speculation to the contrary, Demirtaş would be the HDP's candidate for the second time.[49] This was confirmed on 25 April, as the HDP executive voted to nominate him as their candidate.[50]

style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Republican People's Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color;"|
Selahattin Demirtaş Filiz Kerestecioğlu Sırrı Süreyya Önder Ertuğrul Kürkçü Rıza Türmen Figen Yüksekdağ Ufuk Uras Gençay Gürsoy Şebnem Korur Fincancı
İstanbul (I) MP İstanbul (II) MP Ankara (I) MP former HDP co-leader and İzmir (I) MP Former CHP MP Former HDP co-leader Former ÖDP leader Medical surgeon Medical surgeon and journalist
Nominated Green tickY Declined Ineligible Ineligible Speculated Ineligible Declined Declined Declined

İYİ Party

The İYİ Party, formed on 25 October 2017, has campaigned on the promise of reverting Turkey back to a parliamentary system of government, as opposed to the executive presidency that will take effect following the elections. The party's leader Meral Akşener declared her candidacy for the presidency on the day of her party's establishment, becoming on of the earliest declared candidates. On 18 April 2018, shortly after the early election was announced, Akşener re-affirmed her candidacy and stated that her party would find 100,000 signatures nominated her as a candidate. Early in the evening of May 4, 2018, it was announced that Akşener received 127,850 signatures, becoming the first of the four candidates to cross the threshold.

style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:İyi Party/meta/color;"|
Meral Akşener
İYİ Party leader
Nominated Green tickY

Felicity Party

Despite winning less than 1% of the vote in the previous general election, the Felicity Party's (SP) candidate selection process was subject to much media speculation due to the prospect of them joining an anti-Erdoğan alliance and fielding a joint candidate. The recent success of SP leader Temel Karamollaoğlu in gaining media attention for his party meant that the leaders of both the Republican People's Party (CHP) and the İYİ Party met with Karamollaoğlu to discuss a joint alliance. Karamollaoğlu proposed Abdullah Gül as a joint candidate, but heavy opposition from the CHP and the insistence of Meral Akşener on being her own party's candidate led to this proposal being rejected.

The SP conducted an internal poll of four candidates, which emerged with Temel Karamollaoğlu being announced as the party's candidate on 1 May.[63] Early in the evening of May 4, 2018, it was announced that Karamollaoğlu received 44,967 signatures, representing a deficit of 55,033. As of May 6, 2018, Karamollaoğlu received 116,414 signatures, becoming the second out of the four candidates to cross the threshold.

style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Felicity Party/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Independent politician/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Independent politician/meta/color;"|
Temel Karamollaoğlu Abdullah Gül Haşim Kılıç Abdüllatif Şener
Felicity Party leader Former President Former President of the Constitutional Court Former Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey
Nominated Green tickY Declined Speculated Speculated

Others

Besides the AKP, CHP, MHP and HDP, no other party can nominate candidates without collecting 100,000 signatures first. In 2017, the Felicity Party (SP) preliminarily announced that they would bring forward a candidate by gathering 100,000 signatures in order to bypass the 5% threshold. In January 2018, SP leader Temel Karamollaoğlu replied that former President Abdullah Gül could be their potential candidate. During a convention on January 17, 2018, Karamollaoğlu pointed out that there is "no rule of law left" in Turkey due to President Erdoğan's increasing authoritarianism, in addition to ruling out an alleged alliance with the CHP on the same day. Although SP is against the AKP roadmap, Erdoğan held several talks with the SP in February 2018 to allegedly convince the party executive into endorsement, as he successfully did with the Great Unity Party (BBP). On February 14, 2018, Karamollaoğlu reaffirmed his anti-alliance stance and confirmed that the SP will definitively have their own presidential candidate.

style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Patriotic Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Independent politician/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Independent politician/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Independent politician/meta/color;"|
Doğu Perinçek Vecdet Öz Sinan Oğan Tuna Bekleviç Levent Gültekin
VATAN leader Justice Party (AP) leader Former MHP MP Economist Journalist
Nominated Green tickY Nominated Green tickY Declared Declared Declared

Akşener, Karamollaoğlu, Perinçek and Öz were the only candidates that applied by the deadline required for the collection of 100,000 signatures.[69]

Official candidates
style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Justice and Development Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Republican People's Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:İYİ Party/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Felicity Party/meta/color;"| style="width:100px; font-size:100%; background:Template:Justice Party (Turkey)/meta/color;"|
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Muharrem İnce Selahattin Demirtaş Meral Akşener Temel Karamollaoğlu Doğu Perinçek Vecdet Öz
People's Alliance CHP HDP İYİ SP VATAN AP
Nominated with parliamentary group[70], pending YSK approval. Nominated with parliamentary group[71], pending YSK approval. Nominated with parliamentary group[72], pending YSK approval. Nominated with 100,000 signatures [73], pending YSK approval.[74] Nominated with 100,000 signatures [75], pending YSK approval.[74] Declared[76], pending 100,000 signatures.[74] Declared[77], pending 100,000 signatures.[74]

Campaign

Erdoğan campaign

Main article: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan presidential campaign, 2018

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, incumbent President of Turkey since 2014, was officially nominated as the presidential candidate of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) on 3 May 2018.[78] Shortly thereafter, the nominally oppositional Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) reiterated that it would endorse Erdoğan's candidacy, and would jointly apply to the electoral commission for its formal registration.[79] In early May, it was confirmed by Erdoğan that he would be visiting the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo in the early stages of the campaign, most likely on 20 May 2018, and hold campaign rallies with the Bosnian Turks to drum up support for his re-election bid.[80]

İnce campaign

Main article: Muharrem İnce presidential campaign, 2018

Muharrem İnce, a member of parliament for Yalova, was announced as the presidential candidate of the Republican People's Party (CHP) on 3 May 2018.[81] On the following day, 4 May, party leader Kemal Kilicdaroglu formally proclaimed the CHP's support for İnce.[82] Shortly thereafter, the CHP began preparations for the campaign season, launching the production of campaign material and merchandise. It was revealed in early May that İnce's campaign would adopt the slogan “Türkiye’ye güvence Muharrem İnce”, roughly translating to "Muharrem İnce, an assurance to Turkey",[83] and that it would be kicked off with an election rally in his home city of Yalova on 5 May.[84]

Demirtaş campaign

Main article: Selahattin Demirtaş presidential campaign, 2018

Selahattin Demirtaş was officially announced as the candidate of the People's Democratic Party (HDP) on 4 May 2018, after members of the party had hinted at his candidacy weeks in advance.[85] Party leader Pervin Buldan declared that Demirtaş, a jailed former co-chair of the HDP, would be leading a five-party "Kurdish alliance" into the general election.[86]

Akşener campaign

Main article: Meral Akşener presidential campaign, 2018

Meral Akşener was nominated as the candidate of the İyi Party on 4 May 2018, after she had succesfully collected the 100,000 signatures required for minor party candidates to gain ballot access. Reportedly, she passed this threshold less than four hours after having launched her signature collection campaign.[87]

Karamollaoğlu campaign

Temel Karamollaoğlu was nominated as the candidate of the Felicity Party (SP) on 6 May 2018, after he had succesfully collected the 100,000 signatures required for minor party candidates to gain ballot access. Karamollaoğlu's campaign adopted the slogan "Türkiye'ye Bilge Başkan" (A Wise Leader to Turkey).

Perinçek campaign

Öz campaign

Notes

  1. ^ Since 2016 in preventive detention in Istanbul[1]
  2. ^ Supported by the left-wing political parties and groups of the HDK


References

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