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This article is about the tropical cyclone in 2019. For other storms of the same or similar name, see Tropical Storm Ann.
Tropical Cyclone Ann
Category 2 tropical cyclone (Aus scale)
cyclone (SSHWS)
Tropical Cyclone Ann shortly after peak intensity on 13 May
Formed7 May 2019
Dissipated18 May 2019
(Remnant low after 14 May 2019)
Highest winds10-minute sustained: 95 km/h (60 mph)
1-minute sustained: 100 km/h (65 mph)
Gusts: 130 km/h (80 mph)
Lowest pressure993 hPa (mbar); 29.32 inHg
FatalitiesNone
DamageNone
Areas affectedSolomon Islands
Queensland
Northern Territory
Eastern Indonesia
East Timor
Part of the 2018–19 South Pacific and Australian region cyclone seasons

Tropical Cyclone Ann was a small and relatively weak off-season tropical cyclone which brought minor impacts to Far North Queensland, as well as mild impacts to coastal regions of the Northern Territory's Top End. The twenty-fifth tropical low, eleventh tropical cyclone and ninth Category 2 tropical cyclone of the 2018–19 Australian region cyclone season, Tropical Cyclone Ann first appeared as a weak tropical low on 7 May 2019. Initially embedded within a low-pressure trough in the South Pacific cyclone region, the tropical low moved generally south-southwestwards as organisation gradually proceeded, passing over the southeastern Solomon Islands on 8–9 May.[1] Aided by a generally favourable environment, the system strengthened into a Category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian scale while located approximately 1420 km (880 mi) east of Cairns.[1] The storm turned west-northwestwards, and intensification continued as Ann tracked quickly across the Coral Sea. The system reached peak intensity at 18:00 UTC on 12 May as a Category 2 tropical cyclone on the Australian scale, with ten-minute sustained winds of 95 km/h (60 mph) and a central barometric pressure of 993 hPa (29.32 inHg).[2] The United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center estimated one-minute sustained winds to be at 100 km/h (65 mph), equivalent to a strong tropical storm on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale.[3] The storm began to weaken soon afterwards, in response to environmental conditions which were becoming less supportive of tropical cyclone development. Ann weakened to a gale-force tropical low at 03:00 UTC on 14 May while approaching the coast of Far North Queensland.[4] Gradual weakening continued, and the remnants of the system made landfall near the town of Lockhart River on Cape York Peninsula in the early afternoon of 15 May.[5] Ex-Tropical Cyclone Ann emerged over the northeastern Gulf of Carpentaria a few hours later, and maintained its steady track towards the west-northwest.[6] The system persisted as a tropical low for several days, until eventually dissipating on 18 May while located near East Timor.

Impacts associated with Ann were minor. Willis Island experienced marginal gale-force winds as Ann passed to the north on the morning of 14 May local time.[7][8] Several other islands closer to the Queensland coast experienced similar conditions. Heavy rainfall and gusty winds were experienced in many areas on the southern side of the remnant tropical low as it approached landfall. Many precipitation totals in excess of 50 mm (2.0 in) were recorded, with one 24-hour total reaching 93 mm (3.7 in). Increased winds were also occurred in coastal areas of the Top End as the system moved nearby prior to dissipation. No injuries or fatalities have been attributed to the cyclone, and no damage or economic losses have been reported.

By maximum ten-minute sustained wind speed, Ann was the strongest entirely off-season tropical cyclone in the Australian region since Tropical Cyclone Alex in October 2001. It was also the strongest system to form in the region during May since Severe Tropical Cyclone Rhonda in 1997. Furthermore, Ann was the first tropical system of any intensity to make landfall in Queensland during the off-season since Ex-Tropical Cyclone Zane in early May 2013.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

During late April and early May, a strong pulse of the Madden-Julian Oscillation tracked eastwards across the tropical Indian Ocean and the Maritime Continent. Despite the traditional Australian wet season having concluded at the end of April, the pulse led to the redevelopment of monsoonal conditions to the north of Australia.[9] Additionally, the presence of the pulse led to environmental conditions which were more favourable for tropical cyclogenesis than normal for the cyclone off-season. This pulse had been partially responsible for the development of Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Fani in the Bay of Bengal in late April, and Tropical Cyclone Lili in eastern Indonesia in early May.[10] As the pulse continued into the Pacific Ocean,[11] the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) noted the formation of a weak tropical low embedded within a low-pressure trough on 7 May, located within the northwestern South Pacific cyclone region. The BOM assigned the system the identifier code 26U.[12]

The tropical low moved slowly towards the southwest while organisation gradually proceeded in a generally favourable environment. By 00:00 UTC on 8 May, the system was located just to the east of Honiara in the Solomon Islands.[13] After passing over the Solomon Islands, the developing low assumed a more southerly track under the influence of a mid-level high-pressure ridge located to the east.[1][12] Over the following few days, the tropical low skirted the boundary of the Australian cyclone region and South Pacific cyclone region, passing between the two basins three times in total.[14][15][16] By 10 May, disagreement emerged between meteorological agencies regarding the prospect of future development for the system. The BOM anticipated that further development into a tropical cyclone was very unlikely, citing an atmospheric environment that they expected to be unconducive for maintaining a significant tropical system.[17] Conversely, the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) analysed the environment to be supportive of tropical cyclogenesis overall, and forecast a gradual strengthening to tropical cyclone intensity over the following days, in accordance with numerical weather prediction model solutions.[18] Aided by warm sea surface temperatures and the favourable outflow provided by an anticyclone in the upper troposphere, deep convection continued to grow over the consolidating low-level circulation centre on 11 May.[19] The storm was upgraded to a Category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian scale by the BOM at 18:00 UTC on 11 May, while located approximately 1420 km (880 mi) east of Cairns.[1] Located just within the Australian region at this time, the newly formed cyclone was named Ann by the BOM. The JTWC indicated that Ann had become equivalent to a tropical storm on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale at this time.[20]

An eastwards-propagating trough in the upper troposphere began to erode the ridge which had been steering the strengthening system southwards. A new mid-level ridge to the south began to develop, causing Ann to accelerate west-northwestwards across the Coral Sea towards Queensland. Environmental conditions remained favourable for development, and the system quickly reached high-end Category 1 intensity at 00:00 UTC on 12 May.[21] Soon afterwards, however, competing environmental influences began to arrest the intensification trend. The cyclone was maintained at Category 1, although the BOM noted that this assessment may have been conservative, with the possibility that the system may have already reached marginal Category 2 intensity. Analysis of satellite imagery indicated that easterly vertical wind shear had begun to increase near the system, and that drier air had started to become entrained into the circulation from the southwest.[22][23][24] Ann reached peak intensity at 18:00 UTC on 12 May as a low-end Category 2 tropical cyclone on the Australian scale, generating ten-minute sustained winds of 95 km/h (60 mph) and gusts to 130 km/h (80 mph), with a central barometric pressure of 993 hPa (29.32 inHg).[2] The JTWC reported that one-minute sustained winds reached an estimated 100 km/h (65 mph) at this time, equivalent to a strong tropical storm on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale.[3]

Ex-Tropical Cyclone Ann shortly before landfall near Lockhart River on 15 May, with the exposed low-level circulation centre clearly visible

Ann began to weaken on 13 May. Good poleward outflow provided by the a trough had been mitigating the negative effects of other environmental conditions up until this point; however, this had now begun to diminish as the trough receded further eastwards. Dry air intrusion began to damage the storm, disrupting the central deep convection.[25][26] The BOM downgraded the cyclone to Category 1 at 06:00 UTC on 13 May as the central dense overcast shrunk to less than 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) in diameter.[27][28] The BOM once again noted the possibility of underestimating the true intensity of the cyclone due to the very small circulation.[29] The system's decay was evident on satellite imagery, which displayed the effects of dry air, marginal ocean heat content, and increasing wind shear from the previously favourable upper-level anticyclone, now located well to the east.[30][31] Gale-force winds soon became confined to the southwestern quadrant as the storm became devoid of central deep convection, leaving the low-level circulation centre exposed. With gales no longer extending more than halfway around the system, Ann was downgraded to a tropical low at 03:00 UTC on 14 May.[4][32][33] Located 375 km (235 mi) northeast of Cairns, Ex-Tropical Cyclone Ann continued quickly west-northwestwards towards the coast of Far North Queensland.[34] The tropical low made landfall near the town of Lockhart River on the east coast of Cape York Peninsula about 24 hours later, at 2:30 p.m. local time (04:30 UTC) on 15 May.[5]

The tropical low passed quickly over land and emerged over the northeastern Gulf of Carpentaria.[6] Despite the warm sea surface temperatures in the vicinity, unfavourable atmospheric conditions prevented reintensification to tropical cyclone strength.[20][35][36] Continuing on the same west-northwestwards track that it had maintained for the last five days, the tropical low passed the northeastern coast of the Top End on 16 May while moving into the Arafura Sea. After persisting for several days as a remnant tropical low, Ex-Tropical Cyclone Ann eventually dissipated by 06:30 UTC on 18 May in the Banda Sea, while located near East Timor and Indonesia's southern Maluku Islands.[37][38][39]

Preparations and impacts

Official warnings

In preparation for the possibility of Ann making landfall on the Queensland coast at tropical cyclone intensity, the BOM issued a number of official warnings to the public in advance of the system's arrival. Upon weakening to Category 1 strength at 18:00 UTC on 12 May, a tropical cyclone watch was issued for coastal and inland areas between Cape York and Port Douglas.[40] At this stage, Ann was expected to make landfall as a Category 1 tropical cyclone with sustained winds of 75 km/h (45 mph).[28] The BOM noted that a storm surge could occur upon landfall, with the potential to cause inundation of low-lying areas along the shoreline. Heavy rainfall was also anticipated, with the possibility of leading to flash flooding.[41] Areas between Coen and Cooktown were placed under a tropical cyclone warning by 18:00 UTC on 13 May,[8] indicating that gale-force winds were expected within 24 hours, with the warning area extended to Lockhart River by 00:00 UTC on 14 May. By this time, cyclone watches for other areas of the coast had been cancelled.[42] Three hours later, however, Ann was downgraded to a tropical low, and all cyclone warnings were cancelled, and it was noted that a significant storm surge was no longer likely.[34]

Impacts

Highest sustained winds
Location Wind speed
(km/h) (mph)
Willis Island[7] 72 44
Bougainville Reef[43] 67 42
Holmes Reef[44] 57 35
Marion Reef[45] 57 35
Low Island[46] 56 35
Cape Wessel[47] 50 31

Tropical Cyclone Ann brought only minor impacts to Far North Queensland due to weakening to tropical low strength before crossing the coast. Moderate to heavy rainfall was experienced in numerous locations on the southern side of the system, in addition to gusty winds.[48][49][50] Some areas between Cairns and Innisfail recorded up to 93 mm (3.7 in) of rainfall in the 24 hours to 9:00 a.m. local time on 15 May (23:00 UTC on 14 May).[51] Rainfall and increased winds were also recorded in coastal regions of the Top End as the remnants of the system passed nearby on 15–17 May.[52][53] The strongest winds to occur on land areas were on small islands off the Queensland coast. Willis Island, located approximately 450 km (280 mi) east of Cairns, experienced intermittent gale-force winds as Ann passed to the north, peaking at 72 km/h (44 mph) at 19:30 UTC on 13 May.[7][8][54] Sustained winds reached only 30 km/h (19 mph) at Lockhart River as the system made landfall.[55]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Tropical Cyclone Ann Forecast Track Map #1 (18Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 11 May 2019. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  2. ^ a b "Tropical Cyclone Ann Technical Bulletin #5 (18Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 12 May 2019. Archived from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  3. ^ a b "Tropical Cyclone Ann Warning #5 (18Z)". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command. 12 May 2019. Archived from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  4. ^ a b "Tropical Cyclone Ann Technical Bulletin #11 (03Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 14 May 2019. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  5. ^ a b "Tropical Cyclone Ann Severe Weather Warning (0430Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 15 May 2019. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  6. ^ a b "Northern Area High Seas Forecast (06Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 15 May 2019. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  7. ^ a b c "Willis Island weather observations". Bureau of Meteorology. 14 May 2019. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  8. ^ a b c "Tropical Cyclone Ann Forecast Track Map #10 (21Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 13 May 2019. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  9. ^ "Weekly Tropical Climate Note". Bureau of Meteorology. 30 April 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  10. ^ "Weekly Tropical Climate Note". Bureau of Meteorology. 14 May 2019. Archived from the original on 16 May 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  11. ^ "Weekly Tropical Climate Note". Bureau of Meteorology. 7 May 2019. Archived from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 19 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  12. ^ a b "Tropical Cyclone Ann Technical Bulletin #1 (18Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 11 May 2019. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  13. ^ "Eastern Region Tropical Cyclone Outlook". Bureau of Metorology. 8 May 2019. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 8 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  14. ^ "North Eastern Area High Seas Forecast (06Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 9 May 2019. Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  15. ^ "North Eastern Area High Seas Forecast (06Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 10 May 2019. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  16. ^ "North Eastern Area High Seas Forecast (18Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 10 May 2019. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  17. ^ "Eastern Region Tropical Cyclone Outlook". Bureau of Meteorology. 10 May 2019. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  18. ^ "Tropical Weather Advisory for the Pacific Ocean". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 10 May 2019. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  19. ^ "Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Pacific Ocean". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command. 11 May 2019. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  20. ^ a b "Tropical Cyclone Ann Warning #1 (18Z)". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command. 11 May 2019. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  21. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Ann Technical Bulletin (00Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 12 May 2019. Archived from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  22. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Ann Technical Bulletin #3 (06Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 12 May 2019. Archived from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  23. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Ann Technical Bulletin #4 (12Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 12 May 2019. Archived from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  24. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Ann Warning #3 (06Z)". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command. 12 May 2019. Archived from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  25. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Ann Warning #6 (00Z)". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command. 13 May 2019. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  26. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Ann Technical Bulletin #6 (00Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 13 May 2019. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  27. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Ann Warning #7 (06Z)". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command. 13 May 2019. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  28. ^ a b "Tropical Cyclone Ann Technical Bulletin #7 (06Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 13 May 2019. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  29. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Ann Technical Bulletin #9 (18Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 13 May 2019. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  30. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Ann Technical Bulletin #10 (00Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 14 May 2019. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  31. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Ann #9 (18Z)". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command. 13 May 2019. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  32. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Ann Warning #10". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command. 14 May 2019. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  33. ^ "About Tropical Cyclones". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 19 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  34. ^ a b "Tropical Cyclone Ann Forecast Track Map #12 (03Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 14 May 2019. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  35. ^ "Northern Territory Sea Surface Temperature Analysis". Bureau of Meteorology. 18 May 2019. Archived from the original on 19 May 2019. Retrieved 19 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  36. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Ann Warning #11 (06Z)". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command. 14 May 2019. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  37. ^ "South-East Asia MSLP Analysis (15 May 2019 to 18 May 2019, 00Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 18 May 2019. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  38. ^ "Arafura Coast Forecast: Cape Don to Cape Wessel (1915Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 17 May 2019. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  39. ^ "Arafura Coast Forecast: Cape Don to Cape Wessel (0630Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 18 May 2019. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  40. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Ann Forecast Track Map #7 (06Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 13 May 2019. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  41. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Ann Forecast Track Map #8 (12Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 13 May 2019. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  42. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Ann Forecast Track Map #11 (00Z)". Bureau of Meteorology. 14 May 2019. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  43. ^ "Bougainville Reef weather observations". Bureau of Meteorology. 15 May 2019. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  44. ^ "Holmes Reef weather observations". Bureau of Meteorology. 15 May 2019. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  45. ^ "Marion Reef weather observations". Bureau of Meteorology. 15 May 2019. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  46. ^ "Low Isles weather observations". Bureau of Meteorology. 15 May 2019. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  47. ^ "Cape Wessel weather observations". Bureau of Meteorology. 17 May 2019. Archived from the original on 17 May 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  48. ^ "Cooktown weather observations". Bureau of Meteorology. 16 May 2019. Archived from the original on 16 May 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  49. ^ "Cowley Beach weather observations". Bureau of Meteorology. 15 May 2019. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  50. ^ "Innisfail Airport weather observations". Bureau of Meteorology. 15 May 2019. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  51. ^ "Weather Update: Ex-tropical cyclone Ann crossing northern Queensland 15 May 2019". YouTube (Video). Bureau of Meteorology. 14 May 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  52. ^ "Gove Airport weather observations". Bureau of Meteorology. 17 May 2019. Archived from the original on 17 May 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  53. ^ "McCluer Island weather observations". Bureau of Meteorology. 18 May 2019. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  54. ^ "Living and Working on Willis Island". Bureau of Meteorology. 25 January 2016. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  55. ^ "Lockhart River weather observations". Bureau of Meteorology. 15 May 2019. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
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