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List of Asian animals extinct in the Holocene

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Map of Asia

This list of Asian animals extinct in the Holocene features animals known to have become extinct in the last 12,000 years on the Asian continent and its islands.

Many extinction dates are unknown due to a lack of relevant information.

Species from Christmas Island, an outlying island of Australia, are listed in List of Australia-New Guinea species extinct in the Holocene.

Mammals

Undated

Holocene extinctions of unknown date
Common name
scientific name 		Range
Flores cave rat
Spelaeomys florensis 		Flores, Indonesia[1]
Ochotona transcaucasica Caucasus[2]

Prehistoric

Prehistoric extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 CE)
Common name
scientific name 		Extinction date Range Image
Panay golden-crowned flying foxAcerodon jubatus lucifer Extinct subspecies of the giant golden-crowned flying fox (Acerodon jubatus).
Bubal hartebeest
Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus 		1200-586 BCE[3] North Africa and southern Levant
Alor Island giant rat
Alormys aplini 		1050 BCE[4] Alor Island, Indonesia
Steppe bison
Bison priscus 		2550-2450 BCE[5] Northern Eurasia and North America
Indian aurochs
Bos primigenius namadicus 		1800 BCE[6] Indian subcontinent
Eurasian aurochs
Bos primigenius primigenius 		1900-1745 BCE[7] Mid-latitude Eurasia[8]
Cebu tamaraw
Bubalus cebuensis 		Pleistocene or Holocene The Cebu tamaraw stood only 75 cm (2 ft 6 in) and weighed about 150 to 160 kg (330 to 350 lb).[9][10] The species was smaller than the modern Mindoro tamaraw.
Short-horned water buffalo
Bubalus mephistopheles 		1750-1650 BCE[11] South, central, and east China
Carpomys dakal 0 CE Philippines

A giant cloud rat with size rivaling the Phloeomids reaching around 2 kg. In several Philippine languages, dakal means big or large.[12]

Crateromys ballik 0 CE Philippines

Another murine with fossils found in Cagayan, regardless of its large size it was named ballik after the Dupaningan Agta word for small. This is in reference for its relatively smaller size than the extant cloud runners of the same species (i.e. giant bushy-tailed cloud rat).[13]

Miyako roe deer
Capreolus tokunagai 		9050-8050 BCE[4] Miyako Island, Ryukyu, Japan
Woolly rhinoceros
Coelodonta antiquitatis 		8050-7650 BCE[14] Northern Eurasia
Buhler's coryphomys
Coryphomys buehleri 		50 BCE[4] Timor
Timor giant rat
Coryphomys musseri 		50 BCE[4] Timor
Chinese cave hyena
Crocuta crocuta ultima 		9550 BCE[15] East Asia
Miyako long-tailed rat
Diplothrix miyakoensis 		9050-8050 BCE[4] Miyako Island, Ryukyu, Japan
Syrian elephant
Elephas maximus asurus 		800-700 BCE[16] Mesopotamia
European wild ass
Equus hemionus hydruntinus 		1294-1035 BCE[17] Europe and southwest Asia
Lena horse
Equus (ferus) lenensis[18] 		400-1 BCE[19] Northern Siberia
Equus ovodovi c. 1500 BCE[20] Southern Siberia to Northern China
Cypriot genet
Genetta plesictoides 		9050 BCE[4] Cyprus
Hooijer's giant rat
Hooijeromys nusantenggara 		1050 BCE[4] Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia
Imperial gibbon
Junzi imperialis 		c. 240 BCE[21] Shaanxi, China?
Woolly mammoth
Mammuthus primigenius 		1795-1675 BCE[22] Northern Eurasia and North America
Irish elk
Megaloceros giganteus 		4901-4831 BCE[23][19] Europe and southern Siberia
Asian straight-tusked elephant
Palaeoloxodon namadicus 		7330-6250 BCE
(unconfirmed)[24] 		South and east Asia
Verhoeven's giant tree rat
Papagomys theodorverhoeveni 		1050 BCE[4] Flores, Indonesia
Sumba Island giant rat
Raksasamys tikusbesar 		1935-1700 BCE[4] Sumba Island, Indonesia

Recent

Recent extinctions (1500 CE to present)
Common name
scientific name 		Extinction date Range Image
Caucasian moose
Alces alces caucasicus 		c. 1900[25] Northern Caucasus and Transcaucasian coast of the Black Sea
Caucasian wisent
Bison bonasus caucasicus 		1927[26] Caucasus Mountains
Hokkaidō wolf
Canis lupus hattai 		c. 1889[27] Hokkaidō, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Iturup and Kunashir[28]
Japanese wolf
Canis lupus hodophilax 		1905[27] Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū, Japan
Syrian wild ass
Equus hemionus hemippus 		1927[29] Fertile Crescent
Queen of Sheba's gazelle
Gazella bilkis 		1951[30] Southwestern Yemen
Saudi gazelle
Gazella saudiya 		1970[31] Arabian Peninsula
Steller's sea cow
Hydrodamalis gigas 		before 1768[32] Bering Sea
Hokkaidō otter
Lutra lutra whiteleyi 		1950s[33] Hokkaidō and southern Kuril Islands[34]
Japanese otter
Lutra nippon 		1983[34] Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū, Japan
Formosan clouded leopard
Neofelis nebulosa brachyura 		1983[35] Taiwan
Bali tiger
Panthera tigris balica 		1937[36] Bali, Indonesia
Javan tiger
Panthera tigris sondaica 		1984[36] Java, Indonesia
Caspian tiger
Panthera tigris virgata 		1979[36] Western and Central Asia
Sturdee's pipistrelle
Pipistrellus sturdeei 		1889[37] Haha-jima, Bonin Islands, Japan
Vietnamese rhinoceros
Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus 		2010[38] Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and eastern Thailand
Indian Javan rhinoceros
Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis 		1920[38] Northeastern India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar
Schomburgk's deer
Rucervus schomburgki 		1938[39] Central Thailand
Japanese sea lion
Zalophus japonicus 		1951[40] Japanese archipelago and Korea


Possibly extinct
Common name
scientific name 		Extinction date Range Image
Kouprey
Bos sauveli 		1969[41] Notheastern Cambodia
Jolo sika deerCervus nippon soloensis Introduced during the Holocene (unknown date). No current population census and may be possibly extinct in Sulu.[42] Although it is still listed by the IUCN as extant resident introduced population.[43] Jolo island, Southern Phillippines (anciently introduced)
Ilin Island cloudrunner
Crateromys paulus 		1953[44] Mindoro and Ilin Island, Philippines

Locally known as siyang,[45] it is known from one specimen collected in 1953, and has never been formally studied in the wild.[46]

Northern Sumatran rhinoceros
Dicerorhinus sumatrensis lasiotis 		unknown[47] India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar
Baiji
Lipotes vexillifer 		2002[48] Middle and lower Yangtze River, China
Gloomy tube-nosed bat
Murina tenebrosa 		1962[49] Tsushima and possibly Yaku Island, Japan
Cebu warty pig
Sus cebifrons cebifrons 		1960s[50] Cebu, Philippines[51]

The Cebu warty pig previously lived on the island of Cebu before becoming extinct in modern times, primarily due to habitat destruction and human exploitation. The subspecies was declared extinct in 2000, but other warty pig subspecies still survive on other Philippine islands.

Visayan warty pig
Malabar large-spotted civet
Viverra civettina 		1989[52] Western Ghats, India

Local

Locally extinct and extinct in the wild
Common name
scientific name 		Extinction date Range Reintroduction Image
Lowland wisent
Bison bonasus bonasus 		18th century Central Europe to southern Siberia 1946 (Caucasus)
1982 (Altai)[53]
Bactrian camel
Camelus bactrianus 		after 4000-3000 BCE[A] Central and eastern Asian steppe[55]
Dromedary
Camelus dromedarius 		404 BCE[56] Arabian Peninsula
Dhole
Cuon alpinus 		5,000 BCE[57] Locally extinct in Palawan, Philippines

Lived on Palawan during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene.[58] With fossil remains similar to Canis familiaris, it remains inconclusive. But the presence of a wild dog crossing from the Sunda shelf to Palawan is cited to be more likely than an early arrival of a domesticated dog.[59][60]

Dhole
Pere David's deer
Elaphurus davidianus 		c. 400[61] Northeastern China 1985[62]
African wild ass
Equus africanus 		3000 BCE[63] North Africa, Levant, and Arabian Peninsula
Przewalski's horse
Equus ferus przewalskii 		1969 Central and eastern Asian steppe 1994[64]
Lesser ranee mouseHaeromys pusillus Possibly extirpated in Calauit islands and Palawan.[65]
Hippopotamus
Hippopotamus amphibius 		1200-586 BCE[3] Subsaharan Africa, Egypt, and the Levantine coast[66]
Arabian oryx
Oryx leucoryx 		1972[67] Arabian Peninsula 1982[68]
Muskox
Ovibos moschatus 		615-555 BCE[19] Northern Eurasia and North America 1974[69]
South China tiger
Panthera tigris amoyensis 		c. 2000[70][71] Southern China
Tiger
Panthera tigris ssp. 		5,000 BCE[72] Locally extinct in Palawan, Philippines

Two articulated phalanges and another phalanx piece were found amidst an assemblage of other animal bones and stone tools in Ille Cave near the village of New Ibajay. From the stone tools, besides the evidence for cuts on the bones, and the use of fire, it would appear that early humans had accumulated the bones.[73] Additionally, the condition of the tiger subfossils, dated to approximately 12,000 to 9,000 years ago, differed from other fossils in the assemblage, dated to the Upper Paleolithic. The tiger subfossils showed longitudinal fracture of the cortical bone due to weathering, which suggests that they had post-mortem been exposed to light and air. Tiger parts were commonly used as amulets in South and Southeast Asia, so it may be that the tiger parts were imported from elsewhere, as is the case with tiger canine teeth, which were found in Ambangan sites dating to the 10th to 12th centuries in Butuan, Mindanao. On the other hand, the proximity of Borneo and Palawan also makes it likely that the tiger had colonized Palawan from Borneo before the Early Holocene.[74][75]

Sumatran tiger
Bornean bearded pigSus barbatus Reports of Bornean pigs on the islands of the Sulu archipelago have been documented, probably driven by their periodically sea crossing habits to reach nearby islands.[76] It is classified by the IUCN Red List as possibly extinct in the area.[77] Locally extinct in the Sulu archipelago, Phillippines
Lesser kudu
Tragelaphus imberbis 		1968?[78][63] East Africa and western Arabian Peninsula

Birds

Undated

Holocene extinctions of unknown date
Common name
scientific name 		Range
Daito bush warbler
Horornis diphone restricta 		Daito Islands, Japan[79]

Prehistoric

Prehistoric extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 CE)
Common name
scientific name 		Extinction date Range Image
Bennu heron
Ardea bennuides 		2550 BCE[80] Arabian Peninsula
East Asian ostrich
Struthio anderssoni 		6950 BCE[81] Northern China and Mongolia
Asian ostrich
Struthio asiaticus 		7600-6245 BCE[82] Eastern Europe through Kazakhstan to India and China[83]

Recent

Recent extinctions (1500 CE to present)
Common name
scientific name 		Extinction date Range Image
Car Nicobar sparrowhawk
Accipiter butleri butleri 		1901[84] Car Nicobar, Nicobar Islands
Iwo Jima rail
Amaurornis cinerea brevipes 		1911[84] Naka Iwo Jima and Minami Iwo Jima, Bonin Islands
Luzon sarus craneAntigone antigone luzonica 1960s Species extirpated in the Philippines, subspecies became extinct in the 1960s.[85] No distinctive characteristic was observed or studied in the Philippine population compared to other subspecies.[86]
Bonin grosbeak
Carpodacus ferreorostris 		1828[87] Bonin Islands, Japan
Cyprus dipper
Cinclus cinclus olympicus 		1945[88] Cyprus
Bonin wood pigeon
Columba versicolor 		1889[89] Bonin Islands, Japan
Ryukyu wood pigeon
Columba jouyi 		1936[84] Ryukyu, Japan
Cebu bar-bellied cuckooshrikeCoracina striata cebuensis Extinct in the 20th century.[90]
Cebu hanging parrot
Loriculus philippensis chrysonotus 		1943[84] Cebu, Philippines

A recognized subspecies of the Philippine hanging parrot, generally believed to be extinct.[91]

Siquijor hanging parrot
Loriculus philippensis siquijorensis 		1908[84] Siquijor, Philippines

Like the Cebu subspecies, this subspecies is also regarded as extinct.[92]

Bonin nankeen night heron
Nycticorax caledonicus crassirostris 		1889[84] Chichi-jima and Nakōdo-jima, Bonin Islands
Cebu dark-throated orioleOriolus steerii assimilis 1906 Initially considered a separate species by Tweede in 1878.[93] Last sighted in 1906.
Ticao tarictic hornbill
Penelopidis panini ticaensis 		1971[84] Ticao Island, Philippines

A subspecies of the Visayan tarictic hornbill that lived in Ticao island. It was declared extinct by the year 2013[94] and last seen in 1971.

Samar bay owlPhodilus badius riverae 1940s Extinct on the mid 20th century, with its taxon's validity debated, and was only known from one specimen which was lost in 1945.[95] Bay owls of other subspecies are still considered as rare/accidental species within the region.
Bornean Baillon's crake
Porzana pusilla mira 		1912[84] Borneo
Daito varied tit
Sittiparus varius orii 		1938[84] Kitadaitōjima, Okinawa, Japan
Arabian ostrich
Struthio camelus syriacus 		c. 1941[96] Arabian Peninsula and Near East
Tawi-tawi buttonquail
Turnix sylvaticus suluensis 		1950s[84] Jolo and Tawi-tawi, Sulu archipelago, Philippines
Spectacled cormorant
Urile perspicillatus 		1850[97] Commander Islands, Russia
Bonin thrush
Zoothera terrestris 		1828[98] Bonin Islands, Japan


Possibly extinct
Common name
scientific name 		Extinction date Range Image
Mukojima white-eye
Apalopteron familiare familiare 		1930s[99] Mukojima, Bonin Islands Mukojima white-eye
Sangihe dwarf kingfisher
Ceyx fallax sangirensis 		1997[84] Sangihe Islands, Indonesia
Cebu blackish cuckooshrikeCoracina coerulescens altera Last confirmed sighting in 1906.[100] Unconfirmed sighting in 2000.[101]
Rück's blue flycatcher
Cyornis ruckii 		1918[102] Northern Sumatra coast, Indonesia
Cebu white-bellied woodpeckerDryocopus javensis cebuensis With unconfirmed possible sightings in 1998 and 2000.[103] It is likely critically endangered if not extinct.
White-eyed river martin
Eurochelidon sirintarae 		1978[104] Central Thailand
Catanduanes bleeding heartGallicolumba luzonica rubiventris Based only from one single specimen collected in 1971, lives exclusively in Catanduanes.
Sulu bleeding-heart
Gallicolumba menagei 		1891[84] Tawi-tawi, Sulu archipelago, Philippines

Expedition on 2009, failed to find signs of this species' continued existence.[105] The Sulu bleeding-heart if not extinct, may have been critically endangered and may probably be less than 50 individuals. Other reported sightings may be attributed to other local bleeding-heart species, e.g. Luzon and Mindanao bleeding-hearts.

Negros celestial monarchHypothymis coelestis rabori Found on Sibuyan and Negros. This subspecies has not been recorded since 1959 and may now be extinct.[106][107]
Slender-billed curlew
Numenius tenuirostris 		2001[84] Western Eurasia and North Africa
Himalayan quail
Ophrysia superciliosa 		1876[84] Uttarakhand, India
Siau scops owl
Otus siaoensis 		1866[84] Siau Island, Indonesia
Spot-billed pelicanPelicanus philippensis 1960s Named taxonomically because of abundance in the Philippines up until the 1900s[108] but declined and become extirpated in the country around the 1960s.[109]
Cebu brown dovePhapitreron amethystina frontalis Darker overall appearance compared to the other subspecies of the amethyst brown dove race. It lacks the white the stripe under eye. It is considered as probably extinct. Not seen since 1892. Possible sighting was two individuals in the Alcoy forest in 2004 but needs further proper identification.[110]
Negros fruit dove
Ptilinopus arcanus 		1953[111] Negros Island, Philippines

Originally described in 1953,[112] with an alleged sighting by a local hunter in the 1990s. Currently listed as critically endangered if not extinct.

Pink-headed duck
Rhodonessa caryophyllacea 		1949[113] Northeast India, Bangladesh, and northern Myanmar
Crested shelduck
Tadorna cristata 		1964[114] Primorye, Hokkaidō, and South Korea; possibly North Korea and northeastern China
Luzon blue-backed parrotTanygnathus everetti duponti No sightings since the 1970s in the island of Luzon, likely extinct.[115]
Polillo blue-backed parrotTanygnathus everetti freeri No sightings since 2004 in the island of Polillo, likely extinct.[115]
Javan lapwing
Vanellus macropterus 		1940[116] Java, Indonesia

Local

Extinct in the wild
Common name
scientific name 		Extinction date Range Image
Asian woolly-necked storkCiconia episcopus Locally extinct in the Philippines.

Last documented in 2007 in Bislig, Surigao del Sur. It is listed by the IUCN as possibly extinct.[117] It was formerly widespread across the islands.

Northern bald ibis
Geronticus eremita 		2014[118] Mediterranean region

Reptiles

Prehistoric extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 CE)
Common name
scientific name 		Extinction date Range
Ryukyu tortoise
Manouria oyamai 		c. 9050 BCE[119] Ryukyu, Japan
Recent extinctions (1500 CE to present)
Common name
scientific name 		Extinction date Range Image
Chinese gharial
Hanyusuchus sinensis 		1292-1630[120] South China and Hainan
Locally extinct and extinct in the wild
Common name
scientific name 		Extinction date Range Image
Nile crocodile
Crocodylus niloticus 		c. 1900[121] Subsaharan Africa, Egypt, and the Levant

Amphibians

Recent extinctions (1500 CE to present)
Common name
scientific name 		Extinction date Range Image
Yunnan lake newt
Cynops wolterstorffi 		1979[122] Kunming Lake, Yunnan, China
Gunther's streamlined frog
Nannophrys guentheri 		1882[123] Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus adspersus 1886[124] Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus dimbullae 1933[125] Dimbulla, Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus eximius 1933[126] Dimbulla, Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus extirpo 1882[127] Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus halyi 1899[128] Pattipola, Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus leucorhinus before 1856[129] Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus maia 1876[130] Poojagoda, Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus malcolmsmithi 1927[131] Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus nanus 1869[132] Southern Sri Lanka
Sharp-nosed bush frog
Pseudophilautus nasutus 		1869[133] Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus oxyrhynchus 1872[134] Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus pardus before 1859[135] Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus rugatus 1927[136] Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus temporalis 1864[137] Sri Lanka
Variable bush frog
Pseudophilautus variabilis 		1858[138] Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus zal before 1947[139] Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus zimmeri 1927[140] Point de Galle, Sri Lanka

Fish

Recent extinctions (1500 CE to present)
Common name
scientific name 		Extinction date Range Image
Beyşehir bleak
Alburnus akili 		1955[141] Lake Beyşehir, Turkey
Anabarilius macrolepis 1981[142] Yilong Lake, Yunnan, China
Pait
Barbodes amarus 		1982[143] Lake Lanao, Philippines

At least 15 species of endemic cyprinid from Lake Lanao were confirmed to be extinct.[144][145][146]

Baolan
Barbodes baoulan 		1991[147] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Bagangan
Barbodes clemensi 		1975[148] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Barbodes disa 1964[149] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Katapa-tapa
Barbodes flavifuscus 		1964[150] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Barbodes herrei 1974[151] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Barbodes katolo 1977[152] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Kandar
Barbodes lanaoensis 		1964[153] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Barbodes manalak 1977[154] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Bitungu
Barbodes pachycheilus 		1964[155] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Bagangan
Barbodes palaemophagus 		1975[156] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Barbodes palata 1964[157] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Bagangan
Barbodes resimus 		1964[158] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Barbodes tras 1976[159] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Bitungu
Barbodes truncatulus 		1973[160] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Lost shark
Carcharinus obsoletus 		1934[161] Southern South China Sea
Yilong carp
Cyprinus yilongensis 		1981[162] Yilong Lake, Yunnan, China
Hula bream
Mirogrex hulensis 		1975[163] Lake Hula, Israel
Siamese flat-barbelled catfish
Platytropius siamensis 		1975-1977[164] Chao Phraya and Bang Pakong River basins, Thailand
Chinese paddlefish
Psephurus gladius 		2003[165] Yangtze and Yellow River basins, China
Syr Darya sturgeon
Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi 		1960s[166] Syr Darya River
Schizothorax saltans 1953[167] Talas River basin, Kazakhstan
Tristramella intermedia 1970s[168] Lake Hula, Israel
Tristramella magdelainae 1950s[169] Damascus, Syria
Extinct in the wild / Possibly extinct
Common name
scientific name 		Extinction date Range Image
Yangtze sturgeon
Acipenser dabryanus 		2000[170] Yangtze River basin, China
Barbodes cataractae The Phillippines Additional three species are considered possibly extinct: Barbodes cataractae, B. lindog, and B. sirang. B. lindog and B. sirang have reported sightings within the last ten years (2008 for the former and 2016 for the latter). The B. cataractae on the other hand has not been recorded during the market surveys of 1973 to 2017.[171][172][173]
Barbodes lindog Lake Lanao, Philippines
Barbodes sirang Lake Lanao, Philippines
Manila bay herringClupea manulensis Since its description in 1822, there have been no sightings nor documentations that assesses this species' presence.[174]
BiaExyrias volcanus Endemic to Taal lake, being the only freshwater species within the genus and only located on a limited area; it has not been sighted in surveys since 1996.[175]
Neostethus ctenophorus Endemic in the Laguna de Bay, it is threatened by industrialization and invasive species. Despite numerous fish surveys it was last seen in 1937.[176]
Kunimasu
Oncorhynchus kawamurae 		1940[177] Lake Tazawa, Japan
Rivulated parrotfishScarus rivulatus Reported extinct in the Philippines by the IUCN during its assessment in 2009 (published in 2012), experiencing massive population reduction by 60-70% in a span of 20–30 years.[178] It, however, was still observed in Siquijor in 2020 comprising 18.6% out of 209 of the collected sample of juvenile parrotfish species.[179] Otherwise, its global population is still under least concern category.[178]
Uling gobySicyopus cebuensis Locally known as tughud in cebuano. It is classified as data deficient in IUCN Red List but is considered to be possibly extinct in 2015 as the river it resides is polluted.[180] There were alleged sightings in 2019.[181]
Yellow-bellied gobySilhouettea flavoventris Endemic to Taal lake, described in 1927 with 37 specimens ranging 25–37 mm in length. It has not been sighted since the 1990's.[182]
Beloribitsa
Stenodus leucichthys 		1960s[183] Caspian Sea, Volga, Ural, and Terek River drainages

Insects

Common name
scientific name 		Extinction date Range
Laguna white-legged damselflyRisiocnemis laguna Has not been rediscovered since its discovery in 1916, and is only known from specimens found in Paete, laguna. With Paete's rapid urbanization and being a heavily populated location with heavy forest degradation. The population of this damselfly is expected to be critically endangered if not extinct.[184] The Phillippines

Earthworms

Recent extinctions (1500 CE to present)
Common name
scientific name 		Extinction date Range
Amynthas japonicus 1820s[185] Nagasaki?, Japan

Molluscs

Holocene extinctions of unknown date
Common name
scientific name 		Range Image
Gastrocopta chichijimana Bonin Islands, Japan[186]
Gastrocopta ogasawarana Bonin Islands, Japan[187]
Hirasea planulata Bonin Islands, Japan[188]
Lamellidea monodonta Bonin Islands, Japan[189]
Lamellidea nakadai Bonin Islands, Japan[190]
Littoraria flammea China[191]
Trochoidea picardi Israel[192]
Vitrinula chaunax Bonin Islands, Japan[193]
Vitrinula chichijimana Bonin Islands, Japan[194]
Vitrinula hahajimana Bonin Islands, Japan[195]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The extant wild Bactrian camel (C. ferus) from East Turkestan is not the ancestor of C. bactrianus.[54]

References

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  2. ^ Averianov, A. (2001). "Pleistocene lagomorphs of Eurasia". Deinsea, 8 (1), 1-14.
  3. ^ a b Tsahar, E., Izhaki, I., Lev-Yadun, S., & Bar-Oz, G. (2009). "Distribution and extinction of ungulates during the Holocene of the southern Levant". PLOS ONE, 4 (4), e5316.
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  5. ^ Markova, A. K., Puzachenko, A. Y., Van Kolfschoten, T., Kosintsev, P. A., Kuznetsova, T. V., Tikhonov, A. N., ... & Kuitems, M. (2015). "Changes in the Eurasian distribution of the musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) and the extinct bison (Bison priscus) during the last 50 ka BP". Quaternary International, 378, 99-110.
  6. ^ Chen, S. et al. (2010). "Zebu cattle are an exclusive legacy of the South Asia Neolithic". Molecular Biology and Evolution, 27 (1), 1-6.
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