NFL Color Rush

The NFL Color Rush is a promotion done in conjunction with the National Football League (NFL) and Nike that promotes so-called "color vs. color" matchups with teams in matchup-specific uniforms that are primarily one solid color with alternating colored accents, primarily airing on Thursday Night Football. Despite being promoted as color vs. color, some games have one team wearing traditional white uniforms, either by choice or out of necessity. The uniforms don't count against each team with regards to their allowed alternate uniform allotment. The games have received mixed responses from fans.

History of color vs. color matchups

Early years

In the early days of the NFL up through World War II, it was not uncommon to see teams wearing their team colored uniforms against each other, often only wearing a second jersey if the uniforms were too similar. Following the arrival of the rival All-America Football Conference where each team had both a team colored jersey and a white jersey, NFL teams began adding a white jersey as a neutral color to avoid color clashes. Again, this was only used if teams such as the Chicago Bears and the Green Bay Packers (the latter before the arrival of Vince Lombardi) played each other and had similar jersey colors. Additionally, NFL teams were not required to add a white jersey.

It would not be the AAFC (which partially merged into the NFL in 1950) that would change the status quo, but the mainstream adoption of television. Due to the technical limitations of TV airwaves at the time, broadcasters could only air games (and all other TV programming) in black and white, making it hard for fans to tell their teams apart. Out of necessity, starting with the 1957 NFL season, all NFL teams were required to have both a team colored jersey and a white jersey, with the team colored jerseys being worn at home and white jerseys being worn at away games. This caused teams such as the Chicago Bears, Detroit Lions, Green Bay Packers, and Los Angeles Rams (none of which had a white jersey for the 1956 season) to add a contrasting white jersey. In the Rams case, it also forced the team to drop their gold jersey, as it was considered "too light" to wear against teams wearing white jerseys, replaced by blue jerseys. Other teams such as the Cleveland Browns that had worn white as their primary home uniform were also no longer allowed to wear those jerseys at home.

For the 1964 NFL season, the league allowed the home team to decide which jersey could be worn at home, which prompted many teams to wear their white jerseys at home so that fans could see the colors of the visiting team. With blackout policies not allowing the home games to be aired in home markets until 1973, this also meant that fans not attending games in person at times only saw the team's darker colored uniform on TV, which depending on the television they were watching may still be in black and white. Despite this rule change and the widespread adoption of color television by the end of the 1960s, the color/white rule generally remains in effect for the NFL to the present day even as college football relaxed its jersey rules in 2009.

Leaguewide promotions

The NFL began to allow exceptions as part of leaguewide promotions, beginning with the league's 75th Anniversary season in 1994. For the first time, the NFL allowed teams to wear throwback uniforms and in some cases allowed color vs. color as long as the colors didn't clash with each other.

Color vs. color matchups would continue for a time in the early 2000s, mostly on Thanksgiving games. In 2002, the league allowed alternate uniforms with some jerseys being allowed to be worn against a colored jersey if it was light enough. Examples included gray jerseys worn by the New England Patriots in the 2000s and the Seattle Seahawks of the present day, as well as a one-off gold alternate by the New Orleans Saints that was worn against the Minnesota Vikings in 2002.

In 2009, the NFL celebrated what would've been the 50th season of the American Football League by allowing each of the original eight AFL teams wear AFL-era throwback uniforms. One of those teams, the Kansas City Chiefs, was granted special permission by the NFL to allow the visiting Dallas Cowboys to wear their early 1960s throwbacks against the Chiefs (wearing throwbacks of their predecessors, the Dallas Texans) in "The Game that Never Was".

Launching the Color Rush

Initial rollout

For the 2012 NFL season, Nike replaced Reebok as the league's uniform supplier. As Nike had been the longtime supplier of the Oregon Ducks football team and used the Ducks as the team to start the trend of college football teams radically changing their uniforms on a regular basis, some had speculated that the NFL was about to follow college football's path, or at the very least one team becoming the "Oregon of the NFL". The Seahawks, Vikings, Cleveland Browns, Jacksonville Jaguars, Miami Dolphins, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers are to date the only teams to completely redesign their uniform since Nike took over, but none of them became the "Oregon of the NFL", with the Browns, Dolphins, and Vikings opting for more traditional styles. This was further subdued in 2013 when the NFL banned alternate helmets out of fears of concussions.

During the Packers annual shareholder meeting in 2015, the team nonchalantly mentioned that color vs. color matchups would be allowed as an option during Thursday Night Football contests in 2015, while becoming mandatory in 2016. Initially, this belief thought teams would be allowed to wear their normal uniforms against each other or even their alternates. However, in a surprise, on 30 October 2015 the NFL announced the initial "Color Rush," a series of four Thursday contests in which all eight teams will wear specially designed alternate uniforms.

The initial rollout featured the Carolina Panthers and Tennessee Titans wearing their regular alternate uniforms (with the Panthers debuting "Carolina blue" pants), while the Dallas Cowboys revived their white "Double Star" uniforms from the mid-1990s (while debuting white pants) and the then-St. Louis Rams wore a yellow version of their 1973–99 throwbacks for the games. The other four teams involved wore all-new uniforms for the games:

• The Buffalo Bills debuted all-red uniforms for the first time in team history, with red, white and blue shoulder stripes and blue-white-blue pants stripes. (In a minor inconsistency, the team's blue "charging buffalo" helmet logo was used, instead of the all-red "standing buffalo" the team uses on their throwback uniforms.)
• The Jacksonville Jaguars wore all-gold uniforms, after an accent color on their uniforms.
• The New York Jets, who wore kelly green from 1963–1997, wore their current uniforms in the kelly green color scheme, with their normally white sleeves also green and the middle shoulder stripe being the team's current shade of forest green.
• The Tampa Bay Buccaneers wore an all-red ensemble.

Full rollout

For the 2016 NFL season, it was expected that all 32 teams would now participate, with some teams eager to unveil their Color Rush uniforms. The Pittsburgh Steelers—one of the league's more conservative and tradition-bound teams with regards to uniforms—were the only team that didn't participate in the 2015 Color Rush that revealed their Color Rush uniform style (but not revealing their uniform itself) before the leaguewide unveil, confirming that it wear all-black uniforms with gold numbers on Christmas Day against the Baltimore Ravens. The team had planned on wearing a Color Rush uniform for its only Thursday Night match up against the Indianapolis Colts at Lucas Oil Stadium, but opted for the home game on Christmas against its hated rival and will wear their standard road uniforms against the Colts. It was later announced that Thanksgiving games were exempt from the Color Rush promotion.

On 13 September 2016, the NFL and Nike unveiled the Color Rush uniforms for all 32 teams. The eight teams that participated in the Color Rush the year before will continue their uniforms while the Steelers had already announced theirs. Among the other teams:

• Arizona Cardinals – all black, similar to existing black alternate except with red numbers and black pants.
• Atlanta Falcons – all red, in a throwback style.
• Baltimore Ravens – all purple with gold numbers.
• Chicago Bears – regular navy blue jersey with navy pants normally worn with the white jerseys.
• Cincinnati Bengals – all white, mainly as a nod to the white tiger. The Bengals themselves unveiled their Color Rush uniforms at the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden.
• Cleveland Browns – all brown, with different shoulder stripes and pants stripes.
• Denver Broncos – all orange throwback style, including helmet decal.
• Detroit Lions – all black with Honolulu blue numbers. The team had previously worn a similar style from 2005–2007 before their current uniforms were unveiled in 2009.
• Green Bay Packers – all white, essentially white pants with the regular white jersey.
• Houston Texans – all navy blue with red numbers.
• Indianapolis Colts – all blue, essentially blue pants with the regular blue jersey.
• Kansas City Chiefs – regular red jersey with red pants, has been worn on a few occasions in recent seasons.
• Miami Dolphins – all orange.
• Minnesota Vikings – all purple with gold stripes and numbers.
• New England Patriots – all blue with red-white-red Pat the Patriot-era shoulder striping, and red-white-red stripes on pants.
• New Orleans Saints – all white throwback uniform, circa 1975 with gold numbers.
• New York Giants – all white, similar to 1980s and 1990s white uniform with "GIANTS" script on helmets, but the "ny" logo on the collar.
• Oakland Raiders – white jersey with silver pants and silver numbers. Jersey itself a throwback from the early 1970s.
• Philadelphia Eagles – all black, exactly the same as all-black alternate worn since 2003.
• San Diego Chargers – all royal blue with gold numbers, similar to Air Coryell-era uniforms but in current design template.
• San Francisco 49ers – all black, same as all-black uniform introduced the previous season.
• Seattle Seahawks – all neon green.
• Washington Redskins – all gold.

For 2016, the Jets, Browns, and Rams will wear their regular white uniforms (see below), while the Cardinals, Falcons, and Texans will also wear their regular white uniforms due to their opponents wearing similar Color Rush uniforms and their opponents being the home team. The Lions, Colts, and Redskins won't wear their Color Rush uniforms at all for 2016 due to Thanksgiving games being exempt and none of the three teams having other Thursday night games or (in the Steelers case) playing on Christmas Day.

Team by Team

If Color Rush uniform is identical to an existing uniform, "First Use" in a Color Rush game is shown in italics.

Team	First Use	Color	Numbers	Detail	Notes
Arizona Cardinals	2017?	all black	red, white outline	similar to existing black alternate with different color numbers and black pants
Atlanta Falcons	2017?	all red	black, white outline	throwback style
Baltimore Ravens	November 10, 2016	all purple	gold, white outline
Buffalo Bills	November 12, 2015	all red	white, blue outline
Carolina Panthers	November 26, 2015	all blue	white, black outline
Chicago Bears	October 20, 2016	all navy blue	white, orange outline	regular navy blue jersey with navy pants normally worn with the white jerseys
Cincinnati Bengals	September 29, 2016	all white	solid black	black sleeves with shoulder tiger stripe pattern, black and white tiger stripes stripe on pants	A nod to the white tiger. The Bengals themselves unveiled their Color Rush uniforms at the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden.
Cleveland Browns	2017?	all brown	solid orange	with different shoulder stripes and pants stripes
Dallas Cowboys	November 26, 2015	all white	blue, blue and white outline	blue sleeves, stars on shoulders
Denver Broncos	October 13, 2016	all orange	white, blue outline	throwback style, including helmet decal
Detroit Lions	2017?	all black	Honolulu blue, white outline		The team had previously worn a similar style from 2005-2007 before their current uniforms were unveiled in 2009.
Green Bay Packers	October 20, 2016	all white	solid green	essentially white pants with the regular white jersey
Houston Texans	2017?	all navy blue	solid red
Indianapolis Colts	2017?	all blue	solid white	essentially blue pants with the regular blue jersey
Jacksonville Jaguars	November 19, 2015	all gold	white, teal outline
Kansas City Chiefs	December 8, 2016	all red	white, yellow outline	regular red jersey with red pants, has been worn on a few occasions in recent seasons
Los Angeles Rams	December 17, 2015	all yellow	blue	identical style of throwback jersey,except yellow with dark blue detailing and numbers
Miami Dolphins	September 29, 2016	all orange	white, aqua blue outline
Minnesota Vikings	December 1, 2016	all purple	gold	with gold stripes and numbers
New England Patriots	September 22, 2016	all blue	white, red outline	with red-white-red Pat the Patriot-era shoulder striping, and red-white-red stripes on pants
New Orleans Saints	November 17, 2016	all white	gold	throwback uniform, circa 1975 with gold numbers
New York Giants	December 22, 2016	all white	blue, red outline	similar to 1980s and 1990s white uniform with "GIANTS" script on helmets, but the "ny" logo on the collar
New York Jets	November 12, 2015	all Kelly green	white	kelly green sleeves, shoulder stripes white and forest green	Jets wore kelly green through 1997, current uniforms feature forest green
Oakland Raiders	December 8, 2016	white jersey with silver pants	silver		Jersey is a throwback from the early 1970s.
Philadelphia Eagles	December 22, 2016	all black			Exactly the same as all-black alternate worn since 2003.
Pittsburgh Steelers	December 25, 2016	all black
San Diego Chargers	October 13, 2016	all royal blue	gold	similar to Air Coryell-era uniforms but in current design template
San Francisco 49ers	October 6, 2016	all black			Same as all-black uniform introduced the previous season.
Seattle Seahawks	December 15, 2016	all neon green
Tampa Bay Buccaneers	December 17, 2015	all red	pewter
Tennessee Titans	November 19, 2015	blue
Washington Redskins	2017?	all gold

Style

Jerseys and Pants

Uniforms are primarily one color, although the uniforms include different color accents for the jersey numbers and uniform details. Many uniforms duplicate the stripes and shoulder details of the team's current uniforms, but many do not. The Green Bay Packers' Color Rush Uniforms have the same stripe patterns on the sleeves as their regular uniforms, for instance. Conversely, the New England Patriots Color Rush uniforms mimic the stripes of their uniforms of a previous era. Whereas NFL teams most commonly wear pants in a contrasting color, all the Color Rush uniforms except those for the Oakland Raiders have pants and jerseys of the same color.

Shoes and Socks

Color Rush uniforms also have matching colored shoes (instead of black or white) and matching socks.

Helmets

Most teams helmets do not change for the Color Rush games. The Denver Broncos and the New York Giants will wear helmets with versions of older logos affixed in 2016, while the New York Jets wore helmets with the same logo but with a different shade of green, in metallic, in 2015. Since NFL rules dictate that players wear the same helmet throughout the season, only the decals can change, and the shells remain the same color. As a result, although the Broncos Color Rush helmets resemble the ones from early history of the franchise, it is the same shade of blue as currently used.

Opposing Team Whites

If the Color Rush color is too similar to the home team, or if there are issues with visibility for color-blind viewers, the visiting team will wear their whites. It is unclear how each of these team will modify elements of their uniform for the Color Rush games, if at all. In week two of 2016, the New York Jets wore white facemasks instead of green, white gloves, solid white socks instead of white with green stripes, and white shoes instead of their usual black in the spirit of the Color Rush program. In week three, the Houston Texans modified their uniforms by wearing solid white socks instead of their blue and white socks.

Reception and controversy

The first game between the Bills and Jets proved to be particularly problematic, with the Bills' all-red uniforms and the Jets' kelly green outfits being indistinguishable to those with color blindness. The other three games managed to avoid any controversy.

For 2016, Nike brought in doctors from Mount Sinai Hospital to point out potential colorblindness issues. Aside from red-green, the NFL is also avoiding brown-purple (Browns/Ravens) and yellow-green (Rams/Seahawks) matchups, requiring at least one of those teams to wear white uniforms in those games.