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  Synthetic elements
  Rare radioactive natural elements; often produced artificially
  Common radioactive natural elements

A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years.

Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[1] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[2] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[3]

No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years.

Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[4] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[5] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[6]

No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years.

Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[7] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[8] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[9]

No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years.

Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[10] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[11] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[12]

No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years.

Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[13] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[14] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[15]

No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years.

Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[16] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[17] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[18]

No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years.

Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[19] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[20] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[21]

No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years.

Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[22] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[23] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[24]

No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years.

Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[25] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[26] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[27]

No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years.

Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[28] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[29] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[30]

No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years.

Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[31] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[32] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[33]

No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years.

Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[34] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[35] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[36]

No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years.

Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[37] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[38] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[39]

No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years.

Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[40] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[41] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[42]

No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years.

Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[43] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[44] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[45]

No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years.

Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[46] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[47] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[48]

No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years.

Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[49] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[50] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[51]

No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years.

Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[52] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[53] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[54]

No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years.

Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[55] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[56] Plutonium (Pu, stable isotopes explains its natural absence on Earth (and the gap).[57] With the longest-lived isotope of technetium, 97Tc, having a 4.21-million-year half-life,[58] no technetium remains from the formation of the Earth.[59][60] Only minute traces of technetium occur naturally in Earth's crust—as a product of spontaneous fission of 238U, or from neutron capture in molybdenum—but technetium is present naturally in red giant stars.[61][62][63][64]

Curium

The first entirely synthetic element to be made was curium, synthesized in 1944 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, and Albert Ghiorso by bombarding plutonium with alpha particles.[65][66]

Eight others

Synthesis of americium, berkelium, and californium followed soon. Einsteinium and fermium were discovered by a team of scientists led by Albert Ghiorso in 1952 while studying the composition of radioactive debris from the detonation of the first hydrogen bomb.[67] The isotopes synthesized were einsteinium-253, with a half-life of 20.5 days, and fermium-255, with a half-life of about 20 hours. The creation of mendelevium, nobelium, and lawrencium followed.

Rutherfordium and dubnium

During the height of the Cold War, teams from the Soviet Union and the United States independently created rutherfordium and dubnium. The naming and credit for synthesis of these elements remained unresolved for many years, but eventually, shared credit was recognized by IUPAC/IUPAP in 1992. In 1997, IUPAC decided to give dubnium its current name honoring the city of Dubna where the Russian team worked since American-chosen names had already been used for many existing synthetic elements, while the name rutherfordium (chosen by the American team) was accepted for element 104.

The last thirteen

Meanwhile, the American team had created seaborgium, and the next six elements had been created by a German team: bohrium, hassium, meitnerium, darmstadtium, roentgenium, and copernicium. Element 113, nihonium, was created by a Japanese team; the last five known elements, flerovium, moscovium, livermorium, tennessine, and oganesson, were created by Russian–American collaborations and complete the seventh row of the periodic table.

List of synthetic elements

The following elements do not occur naturally on Earth. All are transuranium elements and have atomic numbers of 95 and higher.

A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years. Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[68] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[69] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[70] No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years. Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[71] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[72] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[73] No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years. Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[74] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[75] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[76] No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years. Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[77] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[78] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[79] No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years. Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[80] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[81] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[82] No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years. Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[83] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[84] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[85] No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research, ped|#ff6600|#ff3333|Common radioactive natural elements}}]] A synthetic ebuiwgeudtvfew7q9fbguqifghdqwiubdu, but they decay at widely varying rates: the half-lives of their longest-lived isotopes range from microseconds to millions of years. Five more elements that were first created artificially are strictly speaking not synthetic because they were later found in nature in trace quantities: 43Tc, 61Pm, 85At, 93Np, and 94Pu, though are sometimes classified as synthetic alongside exclusively artificial elements.[86] The first, technetium, was created in 1937.[87] Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors.[88] No elements with atomic numbers greater than 99 have any uses outside of scientific research,
Element name Chemical
Symbol		 Atomic
Number		 First definite
synthesis
Americium Am 95 1944
Curium Cm 96 1944
Berkelium Bk 97 1949
Californium Cf 98 1950
Einsteinium Es 99 1952
Fermium Fm 100 1952
Mendelevium Md 101 1955
Nobelium No 102 1966
Lawrencium Lr 103 1961
Rutherfordium Rf 104 1966 (USSR), 1969 (US) *
Dubnium Db 105 1968 (USSR), 1970 (US) *
Seaborgium Sg 106 1974
Bohrium Bh 107 1981
Hassium Hs 108 1984
Meitnerium Mt 109 1982
Darmstadtium Ds 110 1994
Roentgenium Rg 111 1994
Copernicium Cn 112 1996
Polonium Po 84 1898
Astatine At 85 1940 1943
Francium Fr 87 1939
Actinium Ac 89 1902
Protactinium Pa 91 1913
Neptunium Np 93 1940 1952
Plutonium Pu 94 1940 1941–42

References

  1. ^ See periodic table here for example.
  2. ^ "WebElements Periodic Table » Technetium » historical information". www.webelements.com. Webelements. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  3. ^ Bradford, Alina (8 December 2016). "Facts About Plutonium". LiveScience. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  4. ^ See periodic table here for example.
  5. ^ "WebElements Periodic Table » Technetium » historical information". www.webelements.com. Webelements. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  6. ^ Bradford, Alina (8 December 2016). "Facts About Plutonium". LiveScience. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  7. ^ See periodic table here for example.
  8. ^ "WebElements Periodic Table » Technetium » historical information". www.webelements.com. Webelements. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  9. ^ Bradford, Alina (8 December 2016). "Facts About Plutonium". LiveScience. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  10. ^ See periodic table here for example.
  11. ^ "WebElements Periodic Table » Technetium » historical information". www.webelements.com. Webelements. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  12. ^ Bradford, Alina (8 December 2016). "Facts About Plutonium". LiveScience. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  13. ^ See periodic table here for example.
  14. ^ "WebElements Periodic Table » Technetium » historical information". www.webelements.com. Webelements. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  15. ^ Bradford, Alina (8 December 2016). "Facts About Plutonium". LiveScience. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  16. ^ See periodic table here for example.
  17. ^ "WebElements Periodic Table » Technetium » historical information". www.webelements.com. Webelements. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  18. ^ Bradford, Alina (8 December 2016). "Facts About Plutonium". LiveScience. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  19. ^ See periodic table here for example.
  20. ^ "WebElements Periodic Table » Technetium » historical information". www.webelements.com. Webelements. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  21. ^ Bradford, Alina (8 December 2016). "Facts About Plutonium". LiveScience. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  22. ^ See periodic table here for example.
  23. ^ "WebElements Periodic Table » Technetium » historical information". www.webelements.com. Webelements. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  24. ^ Bradford, Alina (8 December 2016). "Facts About Plutonium". LiveScience. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  25. ^ See periodic table here for example.
  26. ^ "WebElements Periodic Table » Technetium » historical information". www.webelements.com. Webelements. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  27. ^ Bradford, Alina (8 December 2016). "Facts About Plutonium". LiveScience. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  28. ^ See periodic table here for example.
  29. ^ "WebElements Periodic Table » Technetium » historical information". www.webelements.com. Webelements. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  30. ^ Bradford, Alina (8 December 2016). "Facts About Plutonium". LiveScience. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  31. ^ See periodic table here for example.
  32. ^ "WebElements Periodic Table » Technetium » historical information". www.webelements.com. Webelements. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  33. ^ Bradford, Alina (8 December 2016). "Facts About Plutonium". LiveScience. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  34. ^ See periodic table here for example.
  35. ^ "WebElements Periodic Table » Technetium » historical information". www.webelements.com. Webelements. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  36. ^ Bradford, Alina (8 December 2016). "Facts About Plutonium". LiveScience. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  37. ^ See periodic table here for example.
  38. ^ "WebElements Periodic Table » Technetium » historical information". www.webelements.com. Webelements. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  39. ^ Bradford, Alina (8 December 2016). "Facts About Plutonium". LiveScience. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  40. ^ See periodic table here for example.
  41. ^ "WebElements Periodic Table » Technetium » historical information". www.webelements.com. Webelements. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  42. ^ Bradford, Alina (8 December 2016). "Facts About Plutonium". LiveScience. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  43. ^ See periodic table here for example.
  44. ^ "WebElements Periodic Table » Technetium » historical information". www.webelements.com. Webelements. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
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