Talk:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom

As I have advertised on the discussion page for the Indo-Greek Kingdom: here comes a major revision of the chronology of the kings after Demetrius I. Here are the reasons for my changes:

1. Pantaleon. He is definitely not a son of Demetrius I. The portraits on the pedigree coins of Agathocles show him as a middle-aged man. If he died in 185 BCE, he was in the very least born before 215 BCE. Demetrios I is described by Polybius (Histories 12.34) to be a young unmarried man in 206 BCE. Very possibly, Pantaleon was older than Demetrius!

2. Demetrius I. This brings us to the latters reign. Many Bactrian coins depict wrinkled, middle-aged men and obviously experience was seen as a valuable asset for a king, but none of all of the coins bearing the name Demetrius show an aged portrait. This points towards a rather short reign, not the 30 years between 200-170 BCE which was the previous suggestion!

3. The sub-king concept. With Demetrius I dead before the 170s, there is no need to consider all of the other kings his sub-kings and brothers. Euthydemus II, Agathocles and Antimachus might well have begun their reigns after the death of Demetrius I. The only king who might have been a "sub-king" IMHO is Apollodotus I, who reigned in India only and generally did not strike portraits (see discussion on http://groups.yahoo.com/group/seleukids message 1265 , I am egil4870) Otherwise sub-king concept yearns for support from all sides! The kings all use the title Basileos, which explicitly means "independent king" and was not used by neither the Diadochs, the Attalids or Diodotus I until long after they seized power

4. Agathocleia. To my knowledge, nobody knows who her father was, even though my default guess should be Agathocles rather than Demetrius, shouldn't it?

5. Demetrius II. I have redirected this king from "Demetrius II of Bactria" to "Demetrius II of India", for reasons stated in his article. I have also added a short clausul on the ambiguity of the coins of the two (or three) kings with that name. Numismatics is, after all, the main source for knowledge of these kings.

6. Menander. I have yet to see any proof that he was related to the Euthydemids. He might well have been a governor of Sialkot, appointed by Eucratides but rebelling during the chaos after his death in the 140s.

Best Regards Sponsianus

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Upon looking closer at the coins of Pantaleon published here, I noticed that he did strike coins with portrait and Zeus in his lifetime! This coin is totally unknown to me, and I have browsed through all net collections for years. It seems that PHG has taken this rare finding from Bopearachi (whose books are only published in French, which I don't speak!) This revelation does of course change my view of Pantaleon. He is still not the son of Demetrius I, but he is very likely to have been a brother! My apologies are due. Sponsianus

Jun 10 I have now substituted the passage where Euthydemus is said to have conquered certain Parthian satraps. This is anachronistic: the Parthian empire and its satrapies simply did not exist yet! The Parthian satrapies were not created until after they were taken from the Bactrian during the reign of Eucratides! "In the beginning, Arsaces was weak, and so were his followers." (Justin) Sponsianus

> PERSIANS NAMING OF THE GREEKS & THE VARIOUS GREEKS TRIBES

There are several types of Yauna in the Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions:

(1) Yaunβ in general: the same as the Greeks known as "Ionians", i.e., those living in Asia Minor. They can already be found in the Behistun Inscription, when the Persian rule had not yet reached Europe. This identification is 100% certain.

(2) Yaunβ takabarβ, the 'Greeks with shield-shaped hats'. First mentioned in DNa ( http://www.livius.org/aa-ac/achaemenians/DNa.html ), where they are distinguished from the "normal" Yaunβ: an almost certain reference to the Macedonian sunhats.

(3 and 4) "The Yaunβ, near and across the sea": another division, for the first time found in DSe ( http://www.livius.org/aa-ac/achaemenians/DSe.html ) and in a slightly different form in the Daiva Inscription by Xerxes (XPh: http://www.livius.org/aa-ac/achaemenians/XPh.html ). The obvious reading is "the Asian Yauna and the European Yauna", i.e., -again- Asian Greeks and Macedonians.

On the other hand, Persian inscriptions are fairly stereotypical, and the fact that there is a small difference between the precise wording of DSe and XPh suggests that there is a difference. Perhaps, there is a difference between the "Yauna across the sea" and the sunhat-Yaunβ. If this is correct, the Yauna across the sea must be either Cypriot Greeks (but why didn't Darius, who seems to have subdued Cyprus, mention them?) or the Thessalians, Boeotians, and Athenians - nations that Xerxes could claim to have conquered.

(5) There is a seal from the age of Xerxes ( http://www.livius.org/a/1/greece/yauna_seal.jpg ) in which the great king defeats someone looking like a Yauna. It is unique, because a second man appears to have a hand in the killing, and this man looks like a Yauna. Is this the Macedonian king Alexander who helps killing a Thessalian/Boeotian/Athenian??

Such instances are extremely rare since only a handful of original Persian texts have survived.There are of references by Darius I in the Behistun Inscription to Sardis (OP Sparda), Ionia (OP Yauna) and Cappadocia (OP Katpatuka). There are also a couple of statements concerning the Greeks and their tribes in the Babylonian tablets.

Great stuff!

I want to say I love this article, its really interesting! I always wondered what happened in that part of the world after Alexander...who knew that the Greek settlers were setting up their own little kingdom, and contacting China!?

Once again a fascinating article. Well done! PJB 13:58, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

As I see the portrets of all coins are not greeks - see profiles - noses. Or greeks have to be in all history everywhere. For what reason. Firdt time I read something connected greeks and baktrians( in greece) or balgharas (in hindu). It is simmple to understand from where the name cames. You can check into the ancient armenians manuskripts for that, also in iranians, indians.

Parthia vs Bactria

I recall to have read passages suggesting that Bactria was much stronger than the Parthian kingdom, is this acceptable or is that pov? Mallerd 11:54, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

You're right about that. Justin, Epitome of Pompeius Trogus book 41 wrote just so. In the beginning, Parthia was undeniably a weaker state than Bactria, but Justin's works are generally considered rather confused (he lived centuries after the events) and should IMHO not be presented without thorough commentary. --Sponsianus (talk) 10:03, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

BC/AD usage versus BCE/CE usage in dates

I created this topic because I am personally concerned that more and more people are using the BCE/CE abbreviations to denote dates rather than the time-honored BC/AD abbreviations. I am concerned because I believe that it is a POV bias against Christians. One could argue that perhaps I am biased against non-Christians or secularists because I wish to continue using abbreviations which have a specific religious connotation to them. In my defense, that is not the reason why I am bringing this to light. Rather, I am doing it for two reasons, they are:

1) To continue what history has given us for posterity's sake, and
2) To keep a uniform system of referencing in Wikipedia for article tidiness

For now, I will not edit any articles with BCE/CE in them until or if I get a general feel of consensus by Wikipedia users.

Discuss - USMarinesTanker 1055, 20071221 (MST)

If more people are using BCE/CE, like you yourself just said, then whats the big deal? Most people aren't going to be comfortable with "Before Christ" & "In the Year of (Our) Lord", the same way you wouldn't be comfortable with the Islamic calendar or the Buddhist calendar. <Fennessy/talk> 19:18, 21 December 2007 (UTC)

This article originally used BC/AD notation. Then about four years ago we had this edit [1] where User:PHG took it upon himself to change to CE/BCE. Note his edit summary "some more info". Recently I've been looking into this issue and it seems that there's a concerted effort to sneak in BC --> BCE changes right across the project. Wikipedia policy is to defer to the choice of the editor making the first major edit, and not to change the format without broad consensus. I see no broad consensus here, and even though the edit was made a long time ago, given the issue has been raised here again, I believe the original usage should now be restored. If it is not, then it gives carte blanche to those who wish to eliminate BC/AD usage from Wikipedia. See also the discussion at Talk:Kabul for a similar instance. 82.20.19.200 (talk) 12:05, 22 March 2008 (UTC)