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Undertale

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Undertale
Logo of Undertale
Developer(s)tobyfox
Publisher(s)tobyfox
Artist(s)
  • Toby Fox
  • Temmie Chang
Writer(s)Toby Fox
Composer(s)Toby Fox
EngineGameMaker: Studio
Platform(s)Microsoft Windows, OS X
Genre(s)Role-playing
Mode(s)Single-player

Undertale (also stylized as UnderTale or UNDERTALE) is a role-playing video game developed and published by indie developer tobyfox. Creator Toby Fox provided the game's script, design and soundtrack, with additional artwork by Temmie Chang. The game was released for Microsoft Windows and OS X on September 15, 2015.

In Undertale, players control a human child as they navigate the fictional Underground: a large, secluded region underneath the surface of the Earth. The inhabitants of the Underground are called "monsters", a diverse and intelligent group who have been banished from the surface following a war with humanity. The child interacts with many monsters on their quest to return to the surface, with the player making decisions on whether to kill or befriend them. These choices affect the outcome of the game to a large degree, with the dialogue and story outcome changing based on their decisions.

At release, Undertale was acclaimed by reviewers, with praise particularly directed at its writing and characters, and intuitive combat system. The game has sold over 1.3 million copies as of March 2016, and was nominated for multiple year-end accolades, including Game of the Year from several gaming publications.

Gameplay

Fighting Toriel in Undertale. Toriel attacks a red heart, representing the player, with fire magic.
Undertale employs a bullet hell-like combat system in which players, controlling the heart, must avoid attacks from enemies.

Undertale is a role-playing game that uses a top-down perspective. In the game, players control a child, and complete objectives to progress through the story. Players explore an underground world of towns, villages and dungeons, and are required to solve numerous puzzles on their journey. The underground world is the home of monsters, many of whom can be challenged in combat; players decide to kill or befriend them. The overworld allows players to navigate the world, moving through locales. Save points frequently appear in the world, refilling players' health while saving their progress.[1]

When players meet enemies, they enter a battle system. During battles, players control a small red heart which represents their soul, and must avoid attacks unleashed by the opposing monster in a similar fashion to a bullet hell.[2][3][4] As the game progresses, new elements are introduced, such as colored obstacles which require players to remain stationary or move through them, and boss battles which change the way players control the heart.[3] Players may choose to attack the enemy, which involves timed button presses, earning EXP and gold for defeating them.[5] Alternatively, they can use the ACT option to perform non-violent actions, which vary depending on the enemy.[4] If players uses the right actions to respond to the enemy, they can choose to spare them and end the fight without killing them.[6] The game features various story branches and endings depending on whether players choose to kill or spare their enemies; it is possible to clear the game without killing a single enemy.[7]

Monsters will converse with players during battle, and the game updates players on the monster's feelings and actions.[8] Enemy attacks alter based on how players interact with them: should players choose non-violent options, enemy attacks are easy, whereas they become difficult if players choose violent options.[2][8] The game relies on a number of metafictional elements in both its gameplay and story.[9] When players participate in a boss battle on a second playthrough, the dialogue will be altered depending on actions in previous playthroughs.[10]

Plot

Undertale takes place in the Underground, a realm where monsters, once equal to humans, were banished to after war broke out between them. The Underground is sealed from the surface world by an imperfect magic barrier, the only point of entry being at Mount Ebott.[11]

The game begins with a human child (canonically named Frisk) who has just fallen into the Underground. They encounter Flowey, a sentient flower who teaches Frisk how to fight and encourages them to raise their "LV", or "LOVE", by gaining "EXP" through killing monsters.[a] Flowey then attempts to murder Frisk for his own amusement. Frisk is rescued by a motherly goat-like monster named Toriel, who teaches the child how to solve puzzles and survive conflict in the Underground without killing others. However, she also reveals her intentions to adopt Frisk and force them to live with her in the Ruins forever, wanting to protect Frisk from Asgore Dreemurr, the king of the Underground.

Frisk eventually is able to venture through the Underground in order to reach the barrier located in Asgore's castle. Along the way, Frisk encounters several monsters, including: the skeletons Sans and Papyrus, two brothers who act as sentries for the Underground; Undyne, the head of the royal guard; Alphys, the kingdom's royal scientist; and Mettaton, a robot built by Alphys. Some of these act as mini-bosses that Frisk either must kill or show mercy to progress. In the latter case, these monsters become friends with Frisk and stay in contact via a cellular phone given to Frisk by Toriel. During their travels Frisk learns the events leading up to the war between humans and monsters. Asriel, the son of Asgore and Toriel, had befriended a human child that had fallen into the Underground and had been adopted by Asgore and Toriel. One day, the child was fatally poisoned by some flowers, and Asriel attempted to return their body to the humans, but the humans attacked Asriel instead; Asriel, mortally wounded, made it back home to his parents just before dying, leading Asgore to declare war. Asgore now seeks to break the barrier, which requires him to collect seven human souls, of which he has six.

The game's ending depends on how the player resolved all combat encounters with monsters.[7] If the player killed some (but not all) monsters, Frisk arrives at Asgore's castle and learns that they also need a monster's soul to cross the barrier, forcing them to fight Asgore. Sans stops Frisk just before their confrontation, revealing that Frisk's "LOVE" actually stands for "Level Of ViolencE" and "EXP" are "EXecution Points." Sans judges Frisk based on the combined resolution of the encounters. Frisk then battles Asgore, but Flowey interrupts them, kills Asgore, and steals the human souls for himself, causing him to transform into a monstrous abomination. In this form, Flowey steals the player's ability to save and reload the game, using these features himself against the player. With the aid of the rebelling human souls, Frisk defeats Flowey, falls unconscious, and wakes up on the human side of the barrier; they receive a phone call from Sans that explains the state of the Underground after Frisk's departure. The player is then told by Flowey that it may be possible to obtain a better ending and given hints on how to achieve this.[12]

A different ending is achieved in the so-called "Pacifist run", where the player has killed no monsters as well as completed a previous playthrough of the game.[13] In this ending, it is revealed Flowey possesses the memories of Asriel inadvertently animated by Alphys during experimentation. Toriel intervenes before Frisk fights Asgore, and is joined by the other monsters Frisk has befriended. Flowey ambushes the group, using the souls of all the monsters to take an older Asriel's form to fight Frisk. However, Frisk is able to connect with their new friends during the fight, and eventually use them to overpower Flowey. Flowey reverts to the form of Asriel as a child, destroys the barrier, and expresses his remorse to the others before leaving. The monsters are shown reintegrating with the humans on the surface, while Frisk has the option of accepting Toriel as their adoptive mother or leaving the Underground with the other monsters.

A third ending is possible in the "Genocide run" or "No Mercy run", where the player has killed all the monsters.[10][13] In this ending, Frisk becomes influenced by the malevolent spirit of the human child that Asriel had tried to return (who is named by the player but canonically known as "Chara"). When Frisk reaches Asgore's castle, Sans attempts to stop them, but is slain in battle. Frisk then easily kills Asgore and Flowey. Chara assumes control and, with or without the consent of the player, destroys the universe. If the player wishes to play the game again, they must give their soul to Chara in exchange for restoring the universe; otherwise, the game remains unplayable.

While the player can restart the game, their choices remain in place in the subsequent runthrough, unless the player deletes the local content for the game.[10] For example, should the player restart at any time, certain characters will retain memories of past playthroughs, while if the player completes the Genocide run, Chara reappears in various places in the subsequent runthroughs.[10]

Development

Undertale was developed by Toby Fox across "2.7 years".[14] Fox worked on the entire game independently, besides some of the art; he decided to work independently to avoid relying on others.[14] The idea for the game originated when Fox created a battle system in GameMaker, which Undertale followed.[15] He wanted to develop a role-playing game that was different from the traditional design, which he often found "boring to play".[16] He set out to develop a game with "interesting characters", and that "utilizes the medium as a storytelling device ... instead of having the story and gameplay abstractions be completely separate".[16] Fox has little experience with game development; he and his three brothers often used RPG Maker 2000 to make role-playing games, though few were ever completed. Fox also worked on a number of EarthBound ROM hacks while in high school.[16]

Undertale was funded through Kickstarter. Launched on June 25, 2013, the campaign had a goal of US$5,000; it ended on July 25, 2013, with US$51,124 raised by 2,398 people.[17] Fox has expressed interest in porting Undertale to other platforms. The game is unable to be ported to a Nintendo platform without reprogramming, as the game engine does not support the platforms.[14]

Gameplay and art design

The game's defensive segment within the battle system was inspired by the Mario & Luigi series (2003–present), as well as bullet hell shooters such as the Touhou Project (1996–present).[18] When working on the battle system, Fox set out to create a mechanic that he would personally enjoy.[19] He wanted Undertale to have a battle system as equally engaging as Super Mario RPG (1996) and Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga (2003). Fox did not want grinding to be necessary at any point in the game, instead leaving it optional to players. He also did not wish to introduce fetch quests, as they involve backtracking, which he dislikes.[14] In terms of the game's difficulty, Fox ensured that it was easy and enjoyable. He asked some friends who are inexperienced with bullet hell shooters to test the game, and found that they were able to complete it. He felt that the game's difficulty is optimal, particularly considering the complications involved in adding another difficulty setting.[20]

Temmie Chang worked as the main artistic assistant for the game, providing most of the sprites and concept art.[21] Fox has said that the game's art style would likely remain the same if he had access to a larger team of artists. He found that "there's a psychological thread that says audiences become more attached to characters drawn simply rather than in detail", particularly benefiting from the use of visual gags within the art.[22]

Story and character development

For the game's writing, Fox was partly influenced by the silliness of internet culture, as well as comedy shows like Mr. Bean (1990–1995). He was also inspired by the unsettling atmosphere of EarthBound (1994).[14] Fox's desire to "subvert concepts that go unquestioned in many games" further influenced Undertale's development.[23] The game's dialogue system was inspired by the Shin Megami Tensei games (1987–present),[18] particularly the gameplay mechanic whereby players can talk to monsters to avoid conflict. Fox intended to expand upon this mechanic, as failing to negotiate resulted in a requirement to fight. "I want to create a system that satisfied my urge for talking to monsters," he said.[2] When he began developing this mechanic, the concept of completing the game without killing any enemies "just evolved naturally".[23] However, he never considered removing the option to fight throughout development.[23] When questioned on the difficulty of playing the game without killing, Fox responded that it is "the crux of one of the major themes of this game", asking players to think about it themselves.[23]

Fox found that the writing became easier after establishing a character's voice and mood. He also felt that creating the world was a natural process, as it expressed the stories of those within it.[22] Fox felt the importance to make the game's monsters "feel like an individual".[18] He cited the Final Fantasy series (1987–present) as the opposite; "all monsters in RPGs like Final Fantasy are the same ... there's no meaning to that".[18] The character of Toriel, who is one of the first to appear in the game, was created as a parody of tutorial characters. Fox strongly disliked the use of the companion character Fi in The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword (2011), in which the answers to puzzles were often revealed early. Fox also felt that role-playing video games generally lack mother characters; in the Pokemon series (1996–present), as well as Mother (1989) and EarthBound (1994), Fox felt that the mothers are used as "symbols rather than characters".[16] In response, Fox intended for Toriel's character to be "a mom that hopefully acts like a mom", and "genuinely cares" about players' actions.[16]

Music and sound production

The game's soundtrack was entirely composed by Fox. A self-taught musician, Fox composed most of the tracks with little iteration; the game's main theme, "Undertale", was the only song to undergo multiple iterations in development. The soundtrack was inspired by music from Super NES role-playing games,[14] such as EarthBound (1994),[24] as well as the webcomic Homestuck (2009–present), which Fox provided music for.[14] Fox has also stated that he tries to be inspired by all music he listens to,[19] particularly those in video games.[24] Fox claims that over 90% of the songs were composed specifically for the game. For each section of the game, Fox composed the music prior to programming, as it helped "decide how the scene should go".[15] He initially tried using a music tracker to compose the soundtrack, but found it difficult to use. He ultimately decided to play segments of the music separately, and connect them on a track.[24] Tyler Hicks of GameSpot compared the music to "bit-based melodies".[25]

Reception

Undertale received critical acclaim, and was quickly considered a cult video game by numerous publications.[32][33][34] Review aggregator Metacritic calculated an average score of 92 out of 100, indicating "universal acclaim", based on 40 reviews.[26] Metacritic ranks the game the third-highest rated Windows game released in 2015,[26] and among the top 25 of all time.[35] Praise was particularly directed at the game's writing, unique characters, and combat system. GameSpot's Tyler Hicks declared it "one of the most progressive and innovative RPGs to come in a long time",[25] and IGN's Kallie Plagge called it "a masterfully crafted experience".[29] By the end of 2015, in a preliminary report by Steam Spy, Undertale was one of the best-selling games on Steam, with 530,343 copies sold.[36]

Daniel Tack of Game Informer called the game's combat system "incredibly nuanced", commenting on the uniqueness of each enemy encounter.[28] Giant Bomb's Austin Walker praised the complexity of the combat, commenting that it is "unconventional, clever, and occasionally really difficult".[27] Ben "Yahtzee" Croshaw of The Escapist commended the game's ability to blend "turn-based and live combat elements in a way that actually fucking works".[37] IGN's Plagge praised the ability to avoid combat, opting for friendly conversations instead.[29] Jesse Singal of The Boston Globe found the game's ability to make the player empathize with the monsters during combat if they opted for non-violent actions was "indicative of the broader, fundamental sweetness at the core" of Undertale.[38]

Reviewers praised the game's writing and narrative, with IGN's Plagge calling it "excellent".[29] The Escapist's Croshaw considered Undertale the best-written game of 2015, writing that is "on the one hand hilarious ... and is also, by the end, rather heartfelt".[37] Destructoid's Ben Davis praised the game's characters, and use of comedy.[4] PC Gamer's Richard Cobbett provided similar comments, writing that "even its weaker moments ... just about work".[30] Breitbart's Ned Price commended the "soul and charm" that the game conveys through its writing, but noted that the dialogue often "borders on cringey random humor".[39]

The game's visuals received mixed reactions. Giant Bomb's Walker called it "simple, but communicative".[27] IGN's Plagge wrote that the game "isn't always pretty" and "often ugly", but felt that the music and animations compensate.[29] Breitbart's Price named the art "bland and not on the same level of detail as the excellent character design",[39] and The Escapist's Croshaw remarked that "it wobbles between basic and functional to just plain bad".[37] Other reviewers liked the graphics: Daniel Tack of Game Informer felt that the visuals appropriately match the characters and settings,[28] while Richard Cobbett of PC Gamer commended the ability of the visuals to convey emotion.[30]

Accolades

Undertale has received multiple awards and nominations from several gaming publications. It won Game of the Year from The Jimquisition[40] and Zero Punctuation,[41] as well as Game of the Month from Rock, Paper, Shotgun.[42] The game won the Best Game Ever poll from GameFAQs,[43] and was awarded Best PC Game from Destructoid[44] and IGN.[45] The game has numerous pending nominations at the DICE Awards,[46] Game Developers Choice Awards,[47] and Independent Games Festival Awards.[48]

References

Notes
  1. ^ "LV" and "EXP", in most computer role-playing games, are abbreviations for "[experience] level" and "experience points", respectively, and are desirable to increase in such games.
Footnotes
  1. ^ Breckinridge, Dora (September 16, 2015). "Undertale - Walkthrough, Tips, Review". Jay Is Games. Archived from the original on February 17, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b c Hudson, Laura (September 24, 2015). "In Undertale, you can choose to kill monsters — or understand them". Boing Boing. Happy Mutants. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b Cobbett, Richard (September 21, 2015). "The RPG Scrollbars: Undertale". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Gamer Network. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ a b c d Davis, Ben (September 24, 2015). "Review: Undertale". Destructoid. ModernMethod. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ Bogos, Steven (June 2, 2013). "Undertale is an EarthBound Inspired Indie RPG". The Escapist. Defy Media. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Couture, Joel (September 22, 2015). "Guilt, Friendship, and Carrot Monsters — Undertale and the Consequences of Easy Violence". IndieGames.com. UBM plc. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ a b Farokhmanesh, Megan (July 7, 2013). "UnderTale combines classic RPG gameplay with a pacifist twist". Polygon. Vox Media. Archived from the original on September 26, 2015. Retrieved September 25, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ a b Welhouse, Zach (October 8, 2015). "Undertale - Review". RPGamer. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
  9. ^ Muncy, Jack (2016-01-18). "The Best New Videogames Are All About … Videogames". Wired. Retrieved 2016-01-18.
  10. ^ a b c d Grayson, Nathan (September 28, 2015). "Players Still Haven't Figured Out All Of Undertale's Secrets". Kotaku. Gawker Media. Archived from the original on February 17, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ tobyfox (September 15, 2015). Undertale (0.9.9.5 ed.). Scene: Intro.
  12. ^ Duzan, Bryce (October 9, 2015). "Undertale Review: Friends in Strange Places". Paste. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
  13. ^ a b Huges, William (December 9, 2015). "Undertale dares players to make a mistake they can never take back". A.V. Club. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g Turi, Tim (October 15, 2015). "GI Show – Yoshi's Woolly World, Star Wars: Battlefront, Undertale's Toby Fox". Game Informer. GameStop. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ a b Feeld, Julian (October 9, 2015). "INTERVIEW: TOBY FOX OF UNDERTALE". The Existential Gamer. FEELD Creative Agency. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ a b c d e Hogan, Sean (May 25, 2013). "Toby Fox's Undertale – DEV 2 DEV INTERVIEW #1". seagaia. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ Suszek, Mike (July 29, 2013). "Crowdfund Bookie, July 21 - 27: Terminator 2, UnderTale, Last Dream". Joystiq. AOL. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ a b c d Bogos, Steven (June 25, 2013). "Undertale Dev: "Every Monster Should Feel Like an Individual"". The Escapist. Defy Media. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ a b Isaac, Chris (December 10, 2015). "Interview: Undertale Game Creator Toby Fox". The Mary Sue. Dan Abrams. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ Scarnewman, Bobby; Aldenderfer, Kris; Fox, Toby (December 15, 2015). "Toph & Scar Show S1 SEASON FINALE - ft. Creator of Undertale, Toby Fox, and Storm Heroes" (Podcast). MeleeItOnMe. Event occurs at 41:54. Retrieved January 21, 2016. {{cite podcast}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  21. ^ Fox, Toby (June 25, 2013). "UnderTale by Toby Fox". Kickstarter. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  22. ^ a b Bennett, David (October 22, 2015). "Behind the humor of Toby Fox's Undertale". Kill Screen. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ a b c d Couture, Joel (October 27, 2015). "Thinking for Ourselves - Toby Fox on Fighting and Introspection in Undertale". IndieGames.com. UBM plc. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ a b c Scarnewman, Aldenderfer & Fox 2015, 1:15:10
  25. ^ a b c Hicks, Tyler (November 20, 2015). "Undertale Review". GameSpot. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ a b c "Undertale for PC Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ a b c Walker, Austin (September 25, 2015). "Undertale Review". Giant Bomb. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on September 25, 2015. Retrieved January 21, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ a b c Tack, Daniel (October 1, 2015). "An Enchanting, Exhilarating Journey - Undertale". Game Informer. GameStop. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ a b c d e Plagge, Kallie (January 12, 2016). "Undertale Review". IGN. Ziff Davis. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 13, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  30. ^ a b c Cobbett, Robert (September 29, 2015). "Undertale review". PC Gamer. Future plc. Archived from the original on September 29, 2015. Retrieved September 29, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  31. ^ Mackey, Bob (September 30, 2015). "Undertale PC Review: The Art of Surprise". US Gamer. Gamer Network. Archived from the original on October 31, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  32. ^ Levine, Laguna (September 29, 2015). "Undertale: A New Cult Hit in the Making". Cliqist. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ Allen, Eric Van (October 22, 2015). "Undertale Fan Makes a Sequel... In a Wrestling Game?". Paste. Wolfgang's Vault. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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  35. ^ "Best PC Video Games of All Time". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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  41. ^ a b "Top 5 Games of 2015". Zero Punctuation. The Escapist. Defy Media. January 7, 2016. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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