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Universal Classic Monsters
File:Universal_Classic_Monsters_logo.jpg
Official franchise logo as displayed on home video releases
Production
company
Distributed byUniversal Pictures
CountryUnited States

Universal Studios Monsters (also shortened as Universal Monsters) is an American media franchise centered on a lineup of characters who have appeared in various horror films primarily produced by Universal Pictures from the 1920s to the 1950s. Although not initially conceived as a franchise, the enduring popularity and legacy of these characters and the films that feature them have led Universal to market them under a collective brand. The main aspect that distinguishes the films from other horror films produced by Universal during the period is that they generally include a monster as central to their narratives, some of whom have become pop culture icons in their own right.

Several of these monsters are based on novels that have lapsed into the public domain, and as such, the characters in the franchise do not refer to the monsters as they may have originated, but rather Universal's interpretation of those characters, including their likeness, as depicted in their films.

In addition to the films that originated them, the franchise includes


Although not initially conceived as a franchise, the enduring popularity and legacy of these characters and the films that feature them have led Universal to market them under a collective brand. The primary aspect that distinguishes the films from other horror films produced by Universal during the period is that they generally include a monster as central to their narratives, some of whom have become pop culture icons in their own right.[1][2][3][4], including Count Dracula, Frankenstein's monster, the Mummy [1], and the Wolf Man.

Beginning in the 1920s, several of these films were commercial successes during their initial release and gained increasing popularity over the decades due to broadcast television and licensed merchandising.[5] However, the studio did not organize the films and characters together until their home video release in the 1990s. Since then, the franchise has expanded with numerous derivative works, including toys, apparel, and a board game, and attractions at Universal's theme parks. In addition, the success of cinematic universes in the 21st century has led to reassessments of the Universal Studios Monsters as one of the earliest cinematic universes due to multiple crossovers in a handful of the films.

However, the studio did not begin using the brand until the home video release of the films adorned with the Universal Studios Monsters logo in the 1990s. Since then, the brand has expanded with numerous derivative works, including toys,[6] apparel,[7][8] and a board game,[9] and attractions at Universal's theme parks. In addition, the success of cinematic universes in the 21st century has led to reassessments of the Universal Studios Monsters as one of the earliest cinematic universes.[10][11][12][13][14]

The brand includes Dracula, Frankenstein, The Mummy, The Invisible Man, The Phantom of the Opera, The Wolf Man, and The Creature from the Black Lagoon.

History

Initial release

Rising popularity

Talk about Shock Theater, Famous Monsters of Filmland, Aurora toys

Introduction of brand

1990s home video release

Films

Universal Studios Monsters films
Year Title The Classic Collection
(1991-94) 		Classic Monster Collection
(1999) 		The Legacy Collection
(2004) 		Universal Classic Monsters Ref(s)
Essential Collection
(2012) 		Complete Collection
(2018)
1931 Dracula Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [15][16][17][18][19]
Dracula (Spanish-language version) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [20][16][17][18][19]
Frankenstein Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [21][22][23][18][19]
1932 The Mummy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [24][25][26][18][19]
Murders in the Rue Morgue Yes No No No No [27]
Island of Lost Souls[a] Yes No No No No [28]
1933 The Invisible Man Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [29][30][31][18][19]
1934 The Black Cat Yes No No No No [32]
1935 The Raven Yes No No No No [33]
Bride of Frankenstein Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [34][35][23][18][19]
Werewolf of London Yes No Yes No Yes [36][37][19]
1936 Dracula's Daughter Yes No Yes No Yes [38][17][19]
1939 Tower of London Yes No No No No [39]
Son of Frankenstein Yes No Yes No Yes [40][23][19]
1940 The Invisible Man Returns Yes No Yes No Yes [41][31][19]
The Mummy's Hand Yes No Yes No Yes [42][26][19]
The Invisible Woman Yes No Yes No Yes [43][31][19]
1941 The Monster and the Girl[a] Yes No No No No [44]
Man-Made Monster Yes No No No No [45]
The Wolf Man Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [46][47][37][18][19]
1942 The Ghost of Frankenstein Yes No Yes No Yes [48][23][19]
Invisible Agent Yes No Yes No Yes [49][31][19]
The Mummy's Tomb Yes No Yes No Yes [50][26][19]
1943 Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man Yes No Yes No Yes [51][37][19]
Captive Wild Woman Yes No No No No [52]
Phantom of the Opera Yes Yes No Yes Yes [53][54][18][19]
Son of Dracula Yes No Yes No Yes [55][17][19]
The Mad Ghoul Yes No No No No [56]
1944 The Invisible Man's Revenge Yes No Yes No Yes [57][31][19]
The Mummy's Ghost Yes No Yes No Yes [58][26][19]
House of Frankenstein Yes No Yes No Yes [59][23][19]
The Mummy's Curse Yes No Yes No Yes [60][26][19]
1945 House of Dracula Yes No Yes No Yes [61][17][19]
1946 House of Horrors Yes No No No No [62]
She-Wolf of London No No Yes No Yes [37][19]
1948 Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein No No No No Yes [19]
1951 Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man No No No No Yes [19]
1954 Creature from the Black Lagoon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [63][64][65][18][19]
1955 Revenge of the Creature Yes No Yes No Yes [66][65][19]
Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy No No No No Yes [19]
1956 The Creature Walks Among Us Yes No Yes No Yes [67][65][19]

Literature

Other Media

Legacy

The Munsters, Van Helsing, crossover universes

Dark Universe

Notes

  1. ^ a b Although originally produced and released by Paramount Pictures, Universal obtained the rights to the film in 1958 and branded it with Universal Studios Monsters in its 1991 home video release.

[2] [3] [4] [5] [6]

  1. ^ http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2811/Paper07.pdf
  2. ^ https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2012/10/05/dracula-frankenstein-universal-monsters/1608349/
  3. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/23/books/review/christopher-frayling-frankenstein.html
  4. ^ https://source.wustl.edu/2017/10/images-of-frankenstein/
  5. ^ https://www.avclub.com/a-guide-to-the-universal-studios-monster-movies-1923-1-1798234514
  6. ^ https://news.toyark.com/2021/04/19/neca-officially-announces-universal-monsters-license-424501
  7. ^ https://universalmonstersuniverse.com/2020/12/15/exclusive-a-monster-chat-with-ben-scrivens-of-fright-rags/
  8. ^ https://www.licenseglobal.com/apparel/unique-vintage-launches-universal-monsters-collection
  9. ^ https://bleedingcool.com/games/universal-monsters-ravensburger-horrified/
  10. ^ https://collider.com/the-invisible-man-universal-monsters-franchise-history/
  11. ^ https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/universal-monsters-how-the-wolf-man-created-the-first-cinematic-universe/
  12. ^ https://www.cbr.com/universal-classic-monsters-cinematic-universe/
  13. ^ https://horrorobsessive.com/2021/02/28/were-the-universal-monsters-really-the-first-shared-universe/
  14. ^ https://www.cinelinx.com/movie-news/movie-stuff/the-original-shared-universe-a-look-back-at-the-universal-monsters/
  15. ^ Dracula (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  16. ^ a b Dracula (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
  17. ^ a b c d e Dracula: The Legacy Collection (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 2004.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i Universal Classic Monsters: The Essential Collection (Blu-ray). Universal Pictures Home Entertainment. 2012.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Universal Classic Monsters: Complete 30-Film Collection (Blu-ray). Universal Pictures Home Entertainment. 2018.
  20. ^ Dracula (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  21. ^ Frankenstein (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  22. ^ Frankenstein (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
  23. ^ a b c d e Frankenstein: The Legacy Collection (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 2004.
  24. ^ The Mummy (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  25. ^ The Mummy (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
  26. ^ a b c d e The Mummy: The Legacy Collection (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 2004.
  27. ^ Murders in the Rue Morgue (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  28. ^ Island of Lost Souls (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  29. ^ The Invisible Man (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  30. ^ The Invisible Man (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
  31. ^ a b c d e The Invisible Man: The Legacy Collection (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 2004.
  32. ^ The Black Cat (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  33. ^ The Raven (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  34. ^ Bride of Frankenstein (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  35. ^ Bride of Frankenstein (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
  36. ^ Werewolf of London (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  37. ^ a b c d The Wolf Man: The Legacy Collection (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 2004.
  38. ^ Dracula's Daughter (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  39. ^ Tower of London (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  40. ^ Son of Frankenstein (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  41. ^ The Invisible Man Returns (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  42. ^ The Mummy's Hand (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  43. ^ The Invisible Woman (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  44. ^ The Monster and the Girl (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  45. ^ Man-Made Monster (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  46. ^ The Wolf Man (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  47. ^ The Wolf Man (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
  48. ^ The Ghost of Frankenstein (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  49. ^ Invisible Agent (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  50. ^ The Mummy's Tomb (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  51. ^ Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  52. ^ Captive Wild Woman (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  53. ^ Phantom of the Opera (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  54. ^ Phantom of the Opera (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
  55. ^ Son of Dracula (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  56. ^ The Mad Ghoul (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  57. ^ The Invisible Man's Revenge (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  58. ^ The Mummy's Ghost (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  59. ^ House of Frankenstein (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  60. ^ The Mummy's Curse (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  61. ^ House of Dracula (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  62. ^ House of Horrors (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  63. ^ Creature from the Black Lagoon (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  64. ^ Creature from the Black Lagoon (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
  65. ^ a b c Creature from the Black Lagoon: The Legacy Collection (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 2004.
  66. ^ Revenge of the Creature (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  67. ^ The Creature Walks Among Us (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
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