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Background

13 units of the type were ordered in 1988 only for use as Line 51.[1] These trains were delivered in time before the opening in 1990. In 1989, the municipality recalculated the number of trains needed to operate the line and came to the conclusion that an additional 12 units were needed. By the time the line opened, the ministry still had not allocated the required funding for the extra trains.[2] The order was placed after funding was approved by the ministry in early 1991.[3] Two units arrived in 1993, while the remaining ten were delivered a year later. Capacity issues on the line were resolved following this as the trams started running coupled together in March 1994.[4][5]

Design

Built by La Brugeoise et Nivelles (BN), the S1/S2 units consist of two cars and are 30.6 metres (100 ft) long and 2.65 metres (8.7 ft) wide.[6] The first 13 units (45–57) are named S1 while the 12 units (58–69) from the additional order are named S2.[7] As the line they were supposed to run on was unusual, the trams were designed specifically for the GVB.[8] Two units can be coupled together for operation in Amstelveen, while four can run together in the rest of the system.[9] The tram platforms in Amstelveen were built for the width of the trains, while stations on the rest of the system were compatible for a width of 3 metres (9.8 ft). The units were fitted with retractable footboards to bridge the platform gap in those stations.[10] The trains can reach a maximum speed of 70 km/h (43 mph).[4]

Operational history

The GVB started to test the new tram units in May 1990.[11] A few weeks before the scheduled opening, two trains collided during a test run and were damaged, resulting in a reduced frequency at opening.[12] The line officially opened on 30 November 1990 as Line 51.[13][14] The GVB started to have problems with the line as soon as it opened. Within a week of the opening, 5 of the 13 units were out of order due to technical problems or repairs.[15] There were problems with the retractable footboards caused by a design error.[3] These were later fixed by BN for free.[16] The capacity of the remaining trains was not enough and some people were left behind on the platform during rush hours due to the vehicles being full.[2] The units resumed service on the full route 7 months later in September, with the tickets for the line initially being free.[17] GVB put the blame of the capacity and technical issues that occurred after the opening of the line on the constructor and considered asking for financial compensation.[18]

An express tram caught fire at the Weesperplein station on 12 July 1999 due to a blocked disc brake. Although the tram was carrying no passengers at the time, the smoke coming from the fire caused all levels of the station to be evacuated.[19] Two people were taken to hospital for smoke inhalation, but were discharged quickly after their injuries were determined to be minor.[20] The express tram stock was expected to have a lifespan of 30 years or less given the complex operation required.[21] By the 2010s, the units were considered to be prone to technical issues due to their age.[22]

The Amstelveen Line closed on 2 March 2019 and was converted into a proper tram line. Metro 51 kept its original route from Amsterdam Centraal to Zuid, and instead of branching off to Amstelveen, it continues west-bound and ends at Isolatorweg.[23][24] Following the conversion, the S1/S2 trains went for through a technical upgrade for the final time and were used on regular metro lines.[25] The trains are set to go out of service by 2024 with the arrival of the newer M7 metros.[26]

References

Citations

  1. ^ Lommerse 1990, "back cover"
  2. ^ a b "Levertijd extra sneltrams is zeker twee jaar" [Delivery time for additional express trams is at least two years]. Het Parool (in Dutch). 15 December 1990. p. 11. Retrieved 3 December 2023 – via Delpher.
  3. ^ a b "Weer manco's Amstelveenlijn" [Problems again on Amstelveen Line]. Het Parool (in Dutch). 10 August 1991. p. 7. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023 – via Delpher.
  4. ^ a b van 't Hoogerhuijs & van der Gragt 1996, p. 26.
  5. ^ "Op Amstelveenlijn rijdt gekoppelde sneltram" [Coupled express tram runs on Amstelveen Line]. De Volkskrant (in Dutch). 30 March 1994. p. 7. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2023 – via Delpher.
  6. ^ van 't Hoogerhuijs & van der Gragt 1996, p. 27.
  7. ^ NVBS 2023, p. 99.
  8. ^ Lommerse 1990, p. 1.
  9. ^ Manenschijn, Smit & Beens 2007, p. 22.
  10. ^ Duco Vaillant (28 January 2019). "Waarom zijn er brede en smalle metro's in Amsterdam?" [Why are there wide and narrow metros in Amsterdam?]. Vervoerregio Amsterdam (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  11. ^ "Amsterdam test sneltram" [Amsterdam tests express tram]. Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch). 31 May 1990. p. 21. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023 – via Delpher.
  12. ^ "Botsing bij proefrit: sneltram minder vaak" [Collision during test run: express tram less frequent]. Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch). 27 November 1990. p. 7. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023 – via Delpher.
  13. ^ "Sneltram zoeft over Beneluxbaan" [Express tram zooms along Beneluxbaan]. De Volkskrant (in Dutch). 30 November 1990. p. 9. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023 – via Delpher.
  14. ^ "Amstelveen moet nog wennen aan eigen sneltram" [Amstelveen still has to get used to its own express tram]. Het Parool (in Dutch). 23 July 1990. p. 9. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023 – via Delpher.
  15. ^ "Er valt weer wat te klagen in Amsterdam" [There is something to complain about in Amsterdam again]. De Volkskrant (in Dutch). 6 December 1990. p. 8. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023 – via Delpher.
  16. ^ "Weer manco's Amstelveenlijn" [Problems again on Amstelveen Line]. Het Parool (in Dutch). 10 August 1991. p. 7. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023 – via Delpher.
  17. ^ "Sneltram hervat route stilletjes" [Express tram quietly resumes route]. Het Parool (in Dutch). 5 September 1991. p. 12. Retrieved 3 December 2023 – via Delpher.
  18. ^ "GVB wil geld van fabriek sneltrams" [GVB wants money from factory express trams]. Het Parool (in Dutch). 14 August 1991. p. 9. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023 – via Delpher.
  19. ^ van Vollenhoven 2000, pp. 8–9.
  20. ^ van Vollenhoven 2000, p. 15.
  21. ^ Manenschijn, Smit & Beens 2007, p. 59.
  22. ^ "Vernieuwing Amstelveenlijn flinke stap dichterbij" [Renewal Amstelveen Line huge step closer]. Vervoerregio Amsterdam (in Dutch). 20 March 2017. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  23. ^ "Nog een paar ritjes en dan is het over voor lijn 51 tussen Amsterdam en Amstelveen" [Just a few more rides and then it's over for line 51 between Amsterdam and Amstelveen]. NH Nieuws (in Dutch). 2 March 2019. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  24. ^ "Metro 51: Centraal Station - Isolatorweg". GVB (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  25. ^ Marc Kruyswijk (2 March 2019). "Einde Amstelveenlijn: de verbinding met de stad toen en nu" [End of the Amstelveen line: the connection with the city then and now]. Het Parool (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  26. ^ "CAF gaat nieuwe metro's aan Amsterdam leveren" [CAF will deliver new metros to Amsterdam]. Rail Magazine (in Dutch). 3 May 2018. ISSN 0926-3489. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.

Bibliography

  • van 't Hoogerhuijs, Herman; van der Gragt, Frits (1996). Trammaterieel in Nederland en België [Tram stock in the Netherlands and Belgium] (in Dutch). De Alk. ISBN 9789060139486.
  • Lommerse, Edith; et al. (1990). "Niet dringen! Sneltram verbinding tussen Amstelveen en Amsterdam" [Don't push! Express tram connection between Amstelveen and Amsterdam] (Document). Amsterdam: GVB.
  • Manenschijn, Henk-Jan Jansen; Smit, Hans; Beens, Arnoud (June 2007). Metronetstudie [Metro network study] (PDF) (Report) (in Dutch). Government of Amsterdam. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  • "Materieeloverzichten Nederland" [Rolling stock overview the Netherlands] (PDF). Op de Rails (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Belangstellenden in het Spoor- en tramwegwezen. 2023. pp. 96–99. ISSN 0030-3321. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  • van Vollenhoven, Pieter; et al. (July 2000). Fire in High-speed Tram (PDF) (Report). Dutch Transport Safety Board. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.

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