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| Battle of Muar River (1534) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Malay-Portuguese conflicts | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Portuguese Empire | Sultanate of Johor | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
D. Paulo da Gama † | Lacxemena | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 9 ships | 70 ships | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| All but 3 killed | Heavy | ||||||
The Battle of Muar River took place in 1534 between Johor and the Portuguese navy. The battle ended in favor of the Johorese, as they defeated the Portuguese in the Muar River.
Battle
In 1534, the Portuguese governor of Malacca, Dom Paulo da Gama, dispatched 5 men led by Sebastian Vieyra to the Johorese Sultan, Alauddin Riayat Shah II, to establish friendly relations with them. However, the Johorese Sultan, instigated by the Acehnese, had those men surrounded, poured with boiling water until they died, and had the corpses of those men devoured by wild beasts.[2][3][4] Enraged by this brutality, the Portuguese dispatched a naval expedition for retaliation.[5] Hearing that some Johorese ships were in Muar River, Paulo dispatched a vessel to confirm this; however, the ship returned being chased by 10 ships of Lacxemena who had been sent by his uncle to assist the Johorese Sultan with 70 vessels. Instantly Paulo set out with 9 ships to meet the Johorese.[6] Both sides fought a terrible and bloody battle, the Portuguese showed bravery during the fight, killing many of the Johorese. The Portuguese were slaughtered in the end, and Paulo da Gama was fatally wounded and died in Malacca later.[7][8] Only 3 Portuguese survived the massacre and escaped.[9]
The Memory of the heroic battle was recorded in Malay songs which the Portuguese historian, Diogo do Couto, recorded:[10][11]
| “ | Captain Dom Paulo , baparam de Pungor — Anga dia matu, sita pa tau dor
Captain Dom Paulo fought at Pungor — Instead of giving ground, he preferred to die |
” |
References
- ^ Saturnino Monteiro: Batalhas e Combates da Marinha Portuguesa 1139-1975, volume II, 1991, Livraria Sá da Costa Editora, p. 231.[1]
- ^ Manuel de Faria e Sousa, p. 422-423
- ^ Frederick Charles Danvers, p. 423
- ^ Saturnino Monteiro, p. 231
- ^ Frederick Charles Danvers, p. 423
- ^ Manuel de Faria e Sousa, p. 423
- ^ Manuel de Faria e Sousa, p. 423
- ^ António Dinis da Cruz, p. 286
- ^ Manuel de Faria e Sousa, p. 423
- ^ António Dinis da Cruz, p. 286
- ^ Georg Schurhammer, p. 17
Sources
- Frederick Charles Danvers (1894), The Portuguese in India, Being a History of the Rise and Decline of Their Eastern Empire. Vol I.[2]
- Manuel de Faria e Sousa (1695), Portugues Asia, or, the History of the discovery and conquest of India by the Portuguese.[3]
- António Dinis da Cruz e Silva (1817), Poesias, Na arcadia de Lisboa Elpino Nonacriense.[4]
- Georg Schurhammer (1980), Francis Xavier: His Life, his times - vol. 3: Indonesia and India, 1545-1549.[5]