Voiced palatal lateral approximant
Appearance
IPA Number | 157 | ||
---|---|---|---|
Audio sample | |||
Encoding | |||
X-SAMPA | L | ||
|
The palatal lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʎ, a turned letter "y" (not to be confused with lowercase lambda, λ), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is L.
Features
Features of the palatal lateral approximant:
- Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by bringing one articulator close to another but without the vocal tract being narrowed to such an extent that a turbulent airstream is produced.
- Its place of articulation is palatal which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised against the hard palate.
- Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the sides of the tongue, rather than the middle of the tongue.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
Occurrence
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arpitan | balyi | [baʎi] | 'give' | ||
Aymara | [[[Latin alphabet|llaki ]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ʎaki] | 'sad' | ||
Bulgarian | любов | [ʎubov] | 'love' | ||
Catalan[1] | [[[Catalan orthography|ull]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈuʎ] | 'eye' | The sound is very frequent in the language and can appear even in coda position. Some Catalan speakers, notably those of the Balearic dialects, merge this sound with semivocalic "i" /j/, a phenomenon called ieisme and akin to Spanish yeísmo. See Catalan phonology. | |
Croatian | [[[Croatian alphabet|odijeljen ]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈodijeːʎen] | 'separated' | ||
Enindhilyagwa | angalya | [aŋaʎa] | 'place' | ||
Faroese | [[[Latin alphabet|fylgja ]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [fɪʎʤa] | 'to follow' | ||
Galician | [[[Latin alphabet|ollo ]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈoʎo] | 'eye' | Many Galician speakers are nowadays yeístas because of influence from Spanish. | |
Greek | λιακάδα | [ʎaˈkaða] | 'sunshine' | See Modern Greek phonology. | |
Hungarian[2] | [[[Hungarian orthography|lyuk]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈʎuk] | 'hole' | This sound is currently archaic in the language and preserved only in non-standard dialects of the northern part of the country. Modern standard Hungarian has undergone a phenomenon akin to Spanish yeísmo, merging the old phoneme of "ly" into that of "j". See Hungarian ly. | |
Italian[3] | [[[Italian alphabet|figlio ]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈfiʎːo] | 'son' | The sound is pronounced geminate, except when word initial (as in the definite article gli). See Italian phonology. | |
Leonese[4] | Llibru | [ˈʎibru] | 'book' | ||
Norwegian | northern dialects | alle | [ɑʎːe] | 'all' | See Norwegian phonology. |
Portuguese[5] | [[[Portuguese orthography|olho ]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈoʎu] | 'eye' | See Portuguese phonology. | |
Occitan | [[[Latin alphabet|miralhar ]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [miraˈʎa] | 'to reflect' | ||
Gascon | hilh | [hiʎ] | 'son' | ||
Quechua | [[[Latin alphabet|allin ]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈaʎin] | 'good' | ||
Scottish Gaelic | [[[Scottish Gaelic alphabet|till ]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [tʃʰiːʎ] | 'return' | ||
Serbian | љуљaшka /[[[Latin alphabet|ljuljaška ]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ʎuʎаʃkа] | 'swing (seat)' | ||
Sissano | [[[Latin alphabet|piyl ]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [piʎ] | 'fish' | ||
Slovak | [[[Latin alphabet|roľa ]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈrɔʎa] | 'field' | ||
Spanish[6] | [[[Spanish orthography|millón ]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [miˈʎon] | 'million' | For most speakers this sound has disappeared and merged with "y" (/ʝ/ or /ʒ/ depending on dialect), a phenomenon called yeísmo. See Spanish phonology. |
See also
References
- ^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
- ^ BENKŐ Loránd; IMRE Samu (ed.): The Hungarian Language. Janua Linguarum, Series Practica, No. 134. The Hague: Mouton de Gruyter (1972).
- ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
- ^ Cuentos del Sil (2006:152)
- ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
- ^ Martínez-Celdrán et al (2003:255)