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Venality of offices

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The venality of offices refers to the historical practice of selling or auctioning public offices, particularly in Early Modern Europe.[1] This system allowed individuals to purchase positions in government, the military, or the church, often with the right to resell or bequeath the office to heirs.[2]

References

  1. ^ Doyle, William (1996). "Venality: The Sale of Offices in Eighteenth-Century France". Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198205364.
  2. ^ Swart, K. W. (1949). "Sale of Offices in the Seventeenth Century". Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague.

Further reading

  • Mousnier, Roland (1971). "La vénalité des offices sous Henri IV et Louis XIII". Presses Universitaires de France.
  • Kamen, Henry (2000). "Early Modern European Society". Routledge. ISBN 978-0415158657.