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Convoy battles of World War II

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Convoy Battles of World War II occurred when convoys of warships protected cargo ships assembled for mutual defense and were attacked by submarines, surface ships and/or aircraft. Most were in the North Atlantic from 1939 to 1943 and involved attacks by U-boat wolfpacks. Convoy battles also occurred in the Arctic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and western Pacific Ocean.

Battles

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Convoy Escort Date Located[1] Warships Bombers U-boats[1] Ships Sunk[1] GRT lost[1]
Convoy HX 65 24 August 1940[2] 12[3] 3[4] 7[4] 42,311[4]
Convoy HX 72[5] 20 September 1940 9 11 72,727
Convoy SC 7 16 October 1940 7 20 79,592
Convoy HX 79 19 October 1940 5 12 75,069
Convoy HX 84[6] HMS Jervis Bay 5 November 1940 Scheer 5 33,331
Convoy HX 90 [7] 1 December 1940 7 11 73,958
Convoy HG 53 8 February 1941[8] Hipper[8] 5[8] 1[8] 9[8] 15,218[8]
Convoy SL 64 [8] 12 February 1941[8] Hipper[8] 7[8] 32,806[8]
Convoy OB 293 7 March 1941 4 2 27,206
Convoy HX 112 5th EG[9] 15 March 1941 5 5 34,505
Convoy SC 26 1 April 1941 8 10 51,969
Convoy OB 318 3rd EG[10] 7 May 1941 4 9 50,985
Convoy HX 126 HMS Aurania[11] 19 May 1941 11 9 51,862
Convoy OG 69 24 July 1941 8 7 11,303
Convoy OG 71 17 August 1941 8 10 15,185
Convoy SC 42 NEF 24th EG[12] 9 September 1941 19 16 68,259
Convoy HG 73 19 September 1941 5 10 25,818
Operation Halberd Force H[13] 25 September 1941[14] 2 × BB[15] 62[16] 11[14] 1[17] 12,427[13]
Convoy SC 48 EG 4.1.15[18] 15 October 1941 9 11 49,835
Convoy HG 76 36th EG[19] 16 December 1941 10 4 18,383
Convoy NA 2 31 January 1942 4 1 1,190
ON 67 TU 4.1.5[20] 21 February 1942[20] [20] [20] 5[20] 8[20] 54,750[21]
Second Battle of Sirte (Convoy MW 10)[22] 21 March 1942 Littorio 9 3 2 17,031
Convoy PQ 13 28 March 1942 9 2 11,507
Convoy ON 92 A-3[23] 11 May 1942 6 7 36,284
Convoy ON 100 C-1[23] 8 June 1942 6 5 20,478
Operation Vigorous (Convoy MW 11)[24] 12 June 1942 6 2 12,915
Operation Harpoon (Convoy GM 4)[24] Force X 14 June 1942 4 29,129
Convoy PQ 17[25] 1st EG 1 July 1942 202 sorties[26] 9 16 102,311
Convoy ON 115 C-3[23] 29 July 1942 12 3 21,456
Convoy SC 94[23] C-1 5 August 1942 17 11 53,421
Operation Pedestal (Convoy WS.5.21.S)[27] 10 August 1942 316 2 9 88,812
Convoy ON 122[28] B-6[28] 22 August 1942 14 4 17,235
Convoy ON 127 C-4[28] 9 September 1942 12 8 51,619
Convoy PQ 18 12 September 1942 77 5 3 19,689
Convoy SC 100[28] C-4 18 September 1942 17 5 26,331
Convoy QP 14 20 September 1942 7 6 23,474
Convoy RB 1[29] 23 September 1942 9 3 11,525
Convoy SC 104[28] B-6 12 October 1942 17 8 43,970
Convoy HX 212[28] A-3 26 October 1942 13 6 51,918
Convoy SL 125 27 October 1942 10 12 80,005
Convoy SC 107[28] C-4 30 October 1942 16 15 82,817
Convoy ON 144[28] B-6 15 November 1942 13 6 26,321
Convoy ON 153 B-7[28] 15 December 1942 13 4 19,551
Convoy JW 51B[30] 24 December 1942 2 × Heavy cruiser 1 [31]
Convoy ONS 154[28] C-1 26 December 1942[32] 0[33] [33] 16[32] 14[33] 66,922[34]
Convoy TM 1 B-5[30] 3 January 1943 14 7 56,453
Convoy SC 118[28] B-2 4 February 1943 20 11 59,765
Convoy ON 166[28] A-3 21 February 1943 19 14 88,001
Convoy UC 1[35] 44th EG[36] 22 February 1943 11 3 26,682
Battle of the Bismarck Sea (Convoy 81)[37] 8 × DD 1 March 1943 10 × MTB 114 8 37,324
Convoy SC 121[28] A-3 6 March 1943 26 12 55,661
Convoy HX 228[28] B-3 10 March 1943 19 5 25,515
Convoy UGS 6[38] 12 March 1943 17 4 28,018
Convoy HX 229[28] B-4 16 March 1943 43 13 93,502
Convoy SC 122[28] B-5 17 March 1943 43 9 53,094
Convoy RS 3 27 March 1943 7 3 15,389
Convoy HX 231[28] B-7 4 April 1943 11 6 41,494
Convoy ONS 5[28] B-7 28 April 1943 55 13 61,958
Convoy TS 37 30 April 1943 1 7 43,255
Convoy SC 130 18 May 1943 25
Convoy JW 55B[39] 22 December 1943 Scharnhorst 2 [31]
Convoy JW 56A 25 January 1944 4 3 21,584[40]
Convoy Hi-40[41] Shimushu[42] 19 February 1944[42] [42] [42] 2[42] 5[42] 28,075[41]
Convoy Hi-71[43] 6th EG 17 August 1944 6 5 73,071[44]
Convoy Hi-81[45] 8th EG 15 November 1944[45] 1 6[46] 3[45] 36,100[46]

Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d "Famous Convoy Battles". uboat.net. Guðmundur Helgason. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
  2. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 2005, p. 36.
  3. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 32.
  4. ^ a b c "Convoy HX.65". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
  5. ^ Edwards 1999, p. 26.
  6. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 41.
  7. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 42–43.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 50.
  9. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 54.
  10. ^ Blair 1996, p. 278.
  11. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 62.
  12. ^ Milner 1985, p. 67.
  13. ^ a b Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 182.
  14. ^ a b Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 184.
  15. ^ Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 187.
  16. ^ Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 185.
  17. ^ Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 191.
  18. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 90.
  19. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 108.
  20. ^ a b c d e f Abbazia 1975, p. 50.
  21. ^ "Convoy ON.67". Arnold Hague convoy database. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  22. ^ Greene & Massignani 1998, pp. 216–222.
  23. ^ a b c d Milner 1985, p. 286.
  24. ^ a b Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 145–146.
  25. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 2005, pp. 175–176.
  26. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 2005, p. 176.
  27. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 2005, pp. 183, 186–187.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Milner 1985, pp. 148–150.
  29. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 164–165.
  30. ^ a b Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 184.
  31. ^ a b Hague 2000a, p. 189.
  32. ^ a b Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 183.
  33. ^ a b c "Convoy ONS 154". J. Gordon Mumford. Archived from the original on 11 January 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  34. ^ Hague 2000a, p. 161.
  35. ^ Blair 1998, pp. 811–812.
  36. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 195.
  37. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 197–198.
  38. ^ Hague 2000, p. 181.
  39. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 250.
  40. ^ Hague 2000a, p. 189; Woodman 2004, p. 379.
  41. ^ a b "Hisendan". Nifty.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
  42. ^ a b c d e f Cressman 2000, pp. 213–214.
  43. ^ Blair 1975, pp. 676–678.
  44. ^ Blair 1975, pp. 702–704.
  45. ^ a b c Cressman 2000, pp. 274–275.
  46. ^ a b Blair 1975, pp. 748–749.

References

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Further reading

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  • Dönitz, Karl (1958). Memoirs: Ten Years and Twenty Days. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80764-0.