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March 1905

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March 20, 1905: Explosion in U.S. shoe factory kills 58 employees
March 5, 1905: General Kuropatkin orders Russian Imperial Army to retreat from the Japanese after disastrous battle in Mukden
March 23, 1905: General Venizelos attempts a revolution on the island of Crete
March 3, 1905: Tsar Nicholas II creates the Duma, Russia's first representative assembly

The following events occurred in March 1905:

March 1, 1905 (Wednesday)

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March 2, 1905 (Thursday)

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  • Russia's Committee of Ministers voted to grant religious freedom to the residents of the Russian Empire.[1]

March 3, 1905 (Friday)

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Nicholas II
  • Tsar Nicholas II of Russia announced his decision to create an elected assembly, the Imperial State Duma, to represent the people of the Russian Empire in an advisory capacity, although the real power to make laws remained with the Tsar and the cabinet of ministers.
  • Born: Marie Glory (stage name for Raymonde Toully), French film actress; in Mortagne-au-Perche, Orne département (d. 2009)
  • Died: A. A. Cruana, 74, Maltese archaeologist

March 4, 1905 (Saturday)

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Inauguration day in the U.S.
  • The second inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt took place as the incumbent U.S. president, who had taken office in 1901 to fill the remainder of the term of President William McKinley, was sworn in for a full term as 26th President of the United States.[1]
  • Newly inaugurated vice president Charles W. Fairbanks called the Fifty-ninth Congress of the United States of America into session.[1]

March 5, 1905 (Sunday)

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  • In the Russo-Japanese War, the Russian Imperial Army began its retreat from Mukden, after losing 100,000 troops in three days.

March 6, 1905 (Monday)

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Diaghilev

March 7, 1905 (Tuesday)

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  • The UK House of Commons declined to approve remedial measures for evicted Irish tenants in Britain, the legislation receiving 182 votes in favor and 220 against.[1]
  • Tsar Nicholas II dissolved a proposed commission to investigate labor disputes in the Russian Empire, after workers organizations refused to send delegates.[1]

March 8, 1905 (Wednesday)

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  • The U.S. Senate voted to confirm all of the diplomatic and consular appointments made by President Roosevelt.[1]

March 9, 1905 (Thursday)

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Senator Bate
  • U.S. Senator William B. Bate of Tennessee died suddenly from pneumonia, five days after attending the inauguration of the president and the beginning of his fourth term at the opening of the 59th Congress. Bate, who served had three full terms as Senator, had first taken office 18 years and five days earlier, on March 4, 1887. A funeral was held for him the next day in the Senate Chamber of the U.S. Capitol, after which his body was sent back to Nashville.[1]

March 10, 1905 (Friday)

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  • The Japanese capture of Mukden (modern-day Shenyang) completed the rout of the Russian Imperial Army in Manchuria as the Russo-Japanese War continued. The Russian commander, General Aleksey Kuropatkin, telegraphed the Tsar that his armies would be retreating to avoid further danger.
Cassie Chadwick
  • Canadian-born swindler Cassie Chadwick, who had claimed to be the daughter and an heiress of multi-millionaire Andrew Carnegie to defraud banks of millions of dollars, was sentenced for 14 years imprisonment after being convicted for fraud against the Citizen's National Bank in Cleveland. She would die in the Ohio State Penitentiary less than three years later, passing away on October 10, 1907.
  • Born: Richard Haydn (stage name for George Richard Hayden), English-born U.S. actor on stage, film and television; in Camberwell, London (d. 1985)

March 11, 1905 (Saturday)

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March 12, 1905 (Sunday)

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March 13, 1905 (Monday)

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March 14, 1905 (Tuesday)

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Karstadt Warenhaus

March 15, 1905 (Wednesday)

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March 16, 1905 (Thursday)

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  • James Hamilton Peabody was installed as the Governor of the U.S. state Colorado by the Colorado Legislature while the election dispute between himself and Alva Adams was being investigated, on the condition that Peabody resign in favor of Lieutenant Governor J. F. McDonald.[1] Peabody resigned the next day and McDonald became acting governor of Colorado.
  • Born: Elisabeth Flickenschildt. German film and television actress; in Hamburg (d. 1977)

March 17, 1905 (Friday)

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March 18, 1905 (Saturday)

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Einstein

March 19, 1905 (Sunday)

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  • Twin explosions killed 24 miners at the Rush Run and Red Ash coal mines near Thurmond, West Virginia.[1]
  • Born: Albert Speer, German architect and convicted war criminal who became the Nazi German Minister of Armaments and War Production as a close associate of Adolf Hitler; in Mannheim, Grand Duchy of Baden. Speer served a 20-year prison sentence at Spandau Prison for his use of concentration camp inmates as slave labor in armaments factories, and wrote a best-selling account of the experience after his release. (d. 1981)

March 20, 1905 (Monday)

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March 21, 1905 (Tuesday)

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  • "The Treaty of Peace and Friendship" (El tratado de Paz y Amistad) between Chile and Bolivia, signed on October 20, 1904, went into effect, settling the question of the border between the two South American nations. Bolivia ceded the territory of Antofagasta to Chile in return for Chile extending a railroad from the Pacific port of Arica to the Bolivian capital at La Paz.

March 22, 1905 (Wednesday)

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March 23, 1905 (Thursday)

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  • The Theriso revolt began in Crete as about 1,500 men, led by Eleftherios Venizelos, met at the village of Theriso to challenge the island's authoritarian government and press for its unification with Greece.
  • In the U.S. state of Maryland, the state Supreme Court ordered Governor Edwin Warfield to submit a proposed constitutional amendment for disenfranchisement of non-whites to a referendum vote.[7]
  • Lord Midleton, Britain's Secretary of State for India, presented a report to the House of Commons that over 346,000 people had died of bubonic plague in India in a single year.[7]
  • Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany signed legislation authorizing the construction of a railway across its colony of Kamerun (now Cameroon) from Jaunde (now Yaounde) to Lake Chad.[7]
  • Born:

March 24, 1905 (Friday)

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  • "The Toastmasters Club", whose concept would later be used for the 1924 founding of the more successful Toastmasters International, was founded by Ralph C. Smedley in Bloomington, Illinois, an employee of the city's YMCA chapter. With a stated of goal of aiding people in learning how to give public speeches, conduct meetings, plan programs and work on committees, Smedley's first effort failed twice, but he would relaunch the organization on October 22, 1924, in Santa Ana, California.[8]
  • The Dow Jones Industrial Average, the measure of average prices on stocks of major industries, reached its highest level since 1890, closing at 79.27 points. The high would be broken 31 times as during a bull market, peaking at 103 points on January 19 before making a steady downward drop.
The last photo of Jules Verne

March 25, 1905 (Saturday)

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March 26, 1905 (Sunday)

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Premier Min
  • General Min Young-hwan was appointed as the Prime Minister of the Korean Empire by Emperor Gojong, but was removed 12 days later on April 4. General Min was one of the last premiers of an independent Korea before the Eulsa Treaty of November 17, 1905, made Korea a protectorate of the Japanese Empire, and would commit suicide after the treaty was signed by his successor.

March 27, 1905 (Monday)

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  • The Battle of Tabanovce was fought between the 27 guerrillas of the Serbian Chetnik Organization and much larger battalion of 112 members of the Ottoman Army at the village of Tabanovce, now part of the Republic of North Macedonia. The Chetniks, led by Vladimir Kovačević. The Ottomans and their Albanian allies lost more than half of their men, but Kovačević was killed in battle.

March 28, 1905 (Tuesday)

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  • A federal grand jury returned a criminal indictment against the government of the U.S. city of Louisville, Kentucky for alleged violations of federal laws against forced labor.
  • Died: Huang Zunxian, 57, Chinese poet and diplomat

March 29, 1905 (Wednesday)

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  • U.S. President Roosevelt fired all seven members of the Isthmian Canal Commission, including the U.S. Governor of the Panama Canal Zone, Major General George W. Davis.
  • Boxer Jimmy Walsh knocked out Monte Attell, in a controversial six-round bout at the National Athletic Club in Philadelphia to win recognition of the World Bantamweight Championship by the National Boxing Association, despite being disqualified by the referee.

March 30, 1905 (Thursday)

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March 31, 1905 (Friday)

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Governor Pennypacker
  • Pennsylvania Governor Samuel W. Pennypacker vetoed the first attempt to pass a compulsory sterilization law in the United States as part of a program of eugenics, "An act for the prevention of idiocy", authorizing mental institutions the perform surgery "for the prevention of procreation.".[10] Pennypacker was severe in his criticism of the bill, stating in his veto message, "It is plain that the safest and most effective method of preventing procreation would be to cut the heads off the inmates, and such authority is given by the bill to this staff of scientific experts. It is not probable that they would resort to this means for the prevention of procreation, but it is probable that they would endeavor to destroy some part of the human organism. He added that "Men of high scientific attainments are prone in their love for technique to lose sight of broad principles outside of their domain of thought," and that the bill bill "violates the principles of ethics."[11] The veto was not overridden. The U.S. state of Indiana would pass the first sterilization bill in 1907.[10]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n The American Monthly Review of Reviews (April 1905) pp. 413-416
  2. ^ Sjeng Scheijen, Diaghilev: A Life (Profile Books, 2009) pp. 132–134
  3. ^ Denise Noe Mata Hari is Born Archived 10 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Crimelibrary.com
  4. ^ "The Wreck of the Kyber", Submerged.co.uk
  5. ^ Hakan Kirimli, National Movements and National Identity among the Crimean Tatars: 1905–1916 (E.J.Brill, 1996)
  6. ^ "President Roosevelt Gives the Bride Away; His Niece Weds His Cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt", The New York Times, March 18, 1905, p. 2
  7. ^ a b c d e The American Monthly Review of Reviews (May 1905) pp. 537-539
  8. ^ "History", Toastmasters International website
  9. ^ Kemp Tolley, Yangtze Patrol: The U.S. Navy in China (Naval Institute Press, 1971) p. 318
  10. ^ a b Edwin Black, War against the Weak: Eugenics and America's Campaign to Create a Master Race (Thunder's Mouth Press, 2004)
  11. ^ "Veto for Idiocy Bill; Better Behead Helpless Imbeciles Says Pennypacker," Lancaster (PA) Daily Intelligencer, April 1, 1905, p. 2