Examine individual changes

'{{redirect|Fulbright|the senator|J. William Fulbright|the indie video game developer|Fullbright (company)}} [[Image:JWFulbright.jpg|thumb|200px|[[James William Fulbright]]]] The '''Fulbright Program''', including the '''Fulbright-Hays Program''', is a program of competitive, merit-based [[Grant (money)|grants]] for [[United States Cultural Exchange Programs|international educational exchange]] for students, scholars, teachers, professionals, scientists and artists, founded by [[United States Senator]] [[J. William Fulbright]] in 1946. Under the Fulbright Program, competitively selected U.S. citizens may become eligible for scholarships to study, conduct research, or exercise their talents abroad; and citizens of other countries may qualify to do the same in the United States. The program was established to increase mutual understanding between the people of the [[United States]] and other countries through the exchange of persons, knowledge, and skills. The Fulbright Program provides 8,000 grants annually to undertake graduate study, advanced research, university lecturing, and classroom teaching. In the 2015–16 cycle, 17% and 24% of American applicants were successful in securing research and English Teaching Assistance grants, respectively. However, selectivity and application numbers vary substantially by country and by type of grant. For example, grants were awarded to 30% of Americans applying to teach English in Laos and 50% of applicants to do research in Laos. In contrast, 6% of applicants applying to teach English in Belgium were successful compared to 16% of applicants to do research in Belgium.<ref>{{Cite web|title = ETA Grant Application Statistics|url = http://us.fulbrightonline.org/eta-grant-application-statistics|website = us.fulbrightonline.org|accessdate = 2015-12-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Study/Research Grant Application Statistics|url = http://us.fulbrightonline.org/studyresearch-grant-application-statistics|website = us.fulbrightonline.org|accessdate = 2015-12-25}}</ref> The Fulbright Program is adminstered by cooperating organizations like the [[Institute of International Education]]. It operates in over 160 countries around the world.<ref name="Institute of International Education">{{cite web |title=IIE Programs |publisher=Institute of International Education |url=http://www.iie.org/What-We-Do/Fellowship-And-Scholarship-Management/Programs|accessdate=2014-07-28}}</ref> The U.S. Department of State's [[Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs]] sponsors the Fulbright Program from an annual appropriation from the U.S. Congress. Additional direct and in-kind support comes from partner governments, foundations, corporations, and host institutions both in and outside the U.S.<ref name="Fulbright Program Fact Sheet">{{cite web |title = Fulbright Program Fact Sheet|publisher = U.S. Department of State|url = http://eca.state.gov/files/bureau/fulbright_fact_sheet_2.pdf}}</ref> In each of 49 countries, a bi-national Fulbright Commission administers and oversees the Fulbright Program. In countries without a Fulbright Commission but that have an active program, the Public Affairs Section of the U.S. Embassy oversees the Fulbright Program. More than 360,000 persons have participated in the program since it began. Fifty-four Fulbright alumni have won [[Nobel Prizes]];<ref name="Notable Alumni">{{cite web |title=53 Fulbright Alumni Awarded the Nobel Prize |publisher=U.S. Department of State |url=http://eca.state.gov/files/bureau/fulbright_notable_alumni-2014_0.pdf}}</ref> eighty-two have won [[Pulitzer Prize]]s.<ref name="Notable Fulbrighters">{{cite web |title=Notable Fulbrighters|publisher=U.S. Department of State |url=http://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters}}</ref> == History == {{quote|The Fulbright Program aims to bring a little more knowledge, a little more reason, and a little more compassion into world affairs and thereby increase the chance that nations will learn at last to live in peace and friendship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fulbright Sweden |year=2010 |url=http://www.fulbright.se/ |accessdate=2010-12-27}}</ref>|sign=Senator [[J. William Fulbright]]}} In 1945, Senator J. William Fulbright proposed a bill to use the proceeds from selling surplus U.S. government war property to fund international exchange between the U.S. and other countries. With the crucial timing of the aftermath of the Second War and with the pressing establishment of the United Nations, the Fulbright Program was an attempt to promote peace and understanding through educational exchange. The bill devised a plan to forgo the debts foreign countries amassed during the war and in return for funding an international educational program. It was through the belief that this program would be an essential vehicle to promote peace and mutual understanding between individuals, institutions and future leaders wherever they may be.<ref name="Fulbright: The Early Years">{{cite web |title=Fulbright: The Early Years |publisher=U.S. Department of State |url=http://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright/history/early-years}}</ref> {{quote|If we do not want to die together in war, we must learn to live together in peace.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=12391 |title=Harry S. Truman: Address to the United Nations Conference in San Francisco |publisher=The American Presidency Project |date= |accessdate=2012-12-20}}</ref>|President [[Harry S. Truman]]}} On August 1, 1946, President Harry S. Truman signed the bill into law, and Congress created the Fulbright Program in what became the largest education exchange program in history. Since it began, the program has operated on a bi-national basis; each country active in the Fulbright Program has entered into an agreement with the U.S. government. The first countries to sign agreements were China in 1947 and Burma, the Philippines, and Greece in 1948.<ref name="Fulbright: The Early Years"/> == Program == [[File:ASA conference 2008 - 23.JPG|thumb|2008 conference booth]] {{quote|Educational exchange can turn nations into people, contributing as no other form of communication can to the humanizing of international relations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright |title=About Fulbright |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs |date= |accessdate=2012-12-20}}</ref>|sign=Senator [[J. William Fulbright]]}} The Fulbright Program works two ways: U.S. citizens may receive funding to go to a foreign country (U.S. Student Program, U.S. Scholar Program, Teacher Exchange Program, etc) and non-U.S. citizens may come to the U.S. (Foreign Student Program, Visiting Scholar Program, Teacher Exchange Program, etc). Candidates recommended for Fulbright grants have high academic achievement, a compelling project proposal and/or statement of purpose, demonstrated leadership potential, and flexibility and adaptability to interact successfully with the host community abroad. === Types of grants === Fulbright grants are offered in almost all academic disciplines except clinical medical research involving patient contact. Fulbright grantees' fields of study span the fine arts, humanities, social sciences, mathematics, natural and physical sciences, and professional and applied sciences.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fields of Study/Project Topics |publisher=U.S. Department of State |url=http://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-programs}}</ref> === Student grants === * The Fulbright U.S. Student Program offers fellowships for U.S. graduating seniors, graduate students, young professionals and artists to research, study, or teach English abroad for one academic year. * The Fulbright Foreign Student Program enables graduate students, young professionals and artists from abroad to conduct research and study in the United States. Some scholarships are renewed after the initial year of study. * The Fulbright Foreign Language Teaching Assistant Program provides opportunities for young English teachers from overseas to refine their teaching skills and broaden their knowledge of American culture and society while strengthening the instruction of foreign languages at colleges and universities in the United States. * The International Fulbright Science and Technology Award, a component of the Fulbright Foreign Student Program, supports doctoral study at leading U.S. institutions in science, technology, engineering or related fields for outstanding foreign students. This program is currently on hiatus. * The Fulbright-mtvU Fellowships award up to four U.S. students the opportunity to study the power of music as a cultural force abroad. Fellows conduct research for one academic year on projects of their own design about a chosen musical aspect. They share their experiences during their Fulbright year via video reports, blogs and podcasts. * The Fulbright-Clinton Fellowship provides the opportunity for U.S. students to serve in professional placements in foreign government ministries or institutions to gain hands-on public sector experience in participating foreign countries.<ref name="Which Grant is Right for Me?">{{cite web|url=http://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-programs |title=Which Grant Is Right For Me? – Fulbright – International Educational Exchange Program |publisher=eca.state.gov |date=2008-01-31 |accessdate=2012-06-11}}</ref> === Scholar grants === * The Fulbright Distinguished Chair Awards comprise approximately forty distinguished lecturing, distinguished research and distinguished lecturing/research awards ranging from three to 12 months. Fulbright Distinguished Chair Awards are viewed as among the most prestigious appointments in the U.S. Fulbright Scholar Program. Candidates should be eminent scholars and have a significant publication and teaching record. * The Fulbright U.S. Scholar Program sends American faculty members, scholars and professionals abroad to lecture and/or conduct research for up to a year. * The Fulbright Specialist Program sends U.S. faculty and professionals to serve as expert consultants on curriculum, faculty development, institutional planning, and related subjects at overseas academic institutions for a period of two to six weeks. * The Fulbright Visiting Scholar Program and Fulbright Scholar-in-Residence Program bring foreign scholars to lecture and/or conduct post-doctoral research for up to a year at U.S. colleges and universities.<ref name="Which Grant is Right for Me?"/> * The Fulbright Regional Network for Applied Research (NEXUS) Program is a network of junior scholars, professionals and mid-career applied researchers from the United States, Brazil, Canada, and other Western Hemisphere nations in a year-long program that includes multi-disciplinary, team-based research, a series of three seminar meetings, and a Fulbright exchange experience. === Teacher grants === * The Fulbright Teacher Exchange Program supports one-to-one exchanges of teachers from K–12 schools and a small number of post-secondary institutions. * The Distinguished Fulbright Awards in Teaching Program sends teachers abroad for a semester to pursue individual projects, conduct research, and lead master classes or seminars.<ref name="Which Grant is Right for Me?"/> === Grants for professionals === * The Hubert H. Humphrey Program brings outstanding mid-career professionals from the developing world and societies in transition to the United States for one year. Fellows participate in a non-degree program of academic study and gain professional experience. * The Fulbright U.S. Scholar Program sends American scholars and professionals abroad to lecture and/or conduct research for up to a year. * The Fulbright Specialist Program sends U.S. faculty and professionals to serve as expert consultants on curriculum, faculty development, institutional planning, and related subjects at overseas academic institutions for a period of two to six weeks. * The Fulbright U.S. Student Program offers fellowships for U.S. graduating seniors, graduate students, young professionals and artists to study abroad for one academic year. The Program also includes an English Teaching Assistant component. * The Fulbright Foreign Student Program enables graduate students, young professionals and artists from abroad to conduct research and study in the United States. Some scholarships are renewed after the initial year of study.<ref name="Which Grant is Right for Me?"/> == Fulbright-Hays Program == A portion of the Fulbright Program is a Congressional appropriation to the United States Department of Education for the Fulbright-Hays Program. These grants are awarded to individual U.S. K through 14 pre-teachers, teachers and administrators, pre-doctoral students and post-doctoral faculty, as well as to U.S. institutions and organizations. Funding supports research and training efforts overseas, which focus on non-western foreign languages and area studies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ope/iegps/fulbright-hays.html |title=Archived: International Education Programs Service – Fulbright-Hays Programs: The World is Our Classroom |publisher=.ed.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-06-11}}</ref> Budgetary reductions forced the Department of Education to cancel many Fulbright-Hays Programs for the fiscal year of 2011, which have since been reinstated.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.ed.gov/programs/iegpsddrap/applicant.html |title=Applicant Information – Fulbright-Hays-Doctoral Dissertation Research Abroad |publisher=.ed.gov |date=2012-05-15 |accessdate=2012-06-11}}</ref> == Administration == The program is coordinated by the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) of the U.S. Department of State under policy guidelines established by the Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board (FSB), with the help of 50 bi-national Fulbright commissions, U.S. embassies, and cooperating organizations in the U.S.<ref name="Fulbright Program Fact Sheet"/> The [[United States Department of State|U.S. Department of State]] is responsible for managing, coordinating and overseeing the Fulbright program. [[Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs]] is the bureau in the Department of State that has primary responsibility for the administration of the program. The Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board is a twelve-member board of educational and public leaders appointed by the President of the United States that determines general policy and direction for the Fulbright Program and approves all candidates nominated for Fulbright Scholarships. Bi-national Fulbright commissions and foundations, most of which are funded jointly by the U.S. and partner governments, develop priorities for the program, including the numbers and categories of grants. More specifically, they plan and implement educational exchanges, recruit and nominate candidates for fellowships; designate qualified local educational institutions to host Fulbrighters; fundraise; engage alumni; support incoming U.S. Fulbrighters; and, in many countries, operate an information service for the public on educational opportunities in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fulbright Commissions |publisher=U.S. Department of State |url=http://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright/funding-and-administration/fulbright-commissions}}</ref> In a country active in the program without a Fulbright commission, the Public Affairs Section of the U.S. Embassy administers the Fulbright Program, including recruiting and nominating candidates for grants to the U.S., overseeing U.S. Fulbrighters on their grant in the country, and engaging alumni. Established in 1919 in the aftermath of World War I, the [[Institute of International Education]] was created to catalyze educational exchange. In 1946, the U.S. Department of State invited IIE to administer the graduate student component and CIES to administer the faculty component of the Fulbright Program—IIE's largest program to date.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iie.org/en/Who-We-Are/History |title=History &#124; Who We Are &#124; Institute of International Education |publisher=Iie.org |date= |accessdate=2012-06-11}}</ref> The [[Council for International Exchange of Scholars]] is a division of IIE that administers the Fulbright Scholar Program. [[AMIDEAST]] administers Fulbright Foreign Student grants for grantees from the Middle East and North Africa (except Israel). LASPAU: Academic and Professional Programs for the Americas administers the Junior Faculty Development Program, a part of the Fulbright Foreign Student Program, for grantees from Central and South America and the Caribbean. [[American Councils for International Education|American Councils for International Education (ACTR/ACCELS)]] administers the Junior Faculty Development Program (JFDP), a special academic exchange for grantees from the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Southeast Europe. The [[AED (non-profit)|Academy for Educational Development]] administers the Fulbright Classroom Teacher Exchange Program and the Distinguished Fulbright Awards in Teaching Program. == Related organizations == The [[Fulbright Association]] is an organization independent of the Fulbright Program and not associated with the U.S. Department of State. The Fulbright Association was established on Feb. 27, 1977, as a private nonprofit, membership organization with over 9,000 members. The late Arthur Power Dudden was its founding president. He wanted alumni to educate members of the U.S. Congress and the public about the benefits of advancing increased mutual understanding between the people of the United States and those of other countries. In addition to the Fulbright Association in the U.S., independent Fulbright Alumni associations exist in over 75 countries around the world. The [[Fulbright Academy]] is an organization independent of the Fulbright Program and not associated with the U.S. Department of State. A non-partisan, non-profit organization with members worldwide, the Fulbright Academy focuses on the professional advancement and collaboration needs among the 100,000+ Fulbright alumni in science, technology and related fields. The Fulbright Academy works with individual and institutional members, Fulbright alumni associations and other organizations interested in leveraging the unique knowledge and skills of Fulbright alumni. == Notable alumni == Fulbright alumni have occupied key roles in government, academia, and industry. Of the 325,000+ alumni: * 82 have received the [[Pulitzer Prize]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iie.org/en/Alumni/Pulitzer-Prize-Winners |title=Pulitzer Prize Winners &#124; Institute of International Education |publisher=Iie.org |date= |accessdate=2012-06-11}}</ref> * 54 have received a [[Nobel Prize]]<ref name="Notable Alumni">{{cite web |title=53 Fulbright Alumni Awarded the Nobel Prize |publisher=U.S. Department of State |url=http://eca.state.gov/files/bureau/fulbright_notable_alumni-2014_0.pdf}}</ref> * 33 have served as head of state or government<ref name=Bol/> * 10 have been elected to [[US Congress]]<ref name=Bol/> * 1 has served as secretary general of the [[United Nations]]<ref name=Bol>{{cite web|url=http://bolivia.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange/fulbright-scholars.html |title=Fulbright Scholars &#124; Embassy of the United States La Paz, Bolivia |publisher=Bolivia.usembassy.gov |date=2011-03-31 |accessdate=2012-06-11}}</ref> The following list is a selected group of notable Fulbright grant recipients:<ref name="Fulbright Alumni">{{cite web|url=http://www.fulbright.org/press_release/030907.htm |title=Fulbright Alumni Craig R. Barrett, John Hope Franklin, and Shirley Strum Kenny Receive Lifetime Achievement Medals}}</ref> {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} * [[Ralph Abraham]], American mathematician * [[William Drea Adams|William D. "Bro" Adams]], university administrator and [[National Endowment for the Humanities|NEH]] [[Chair of the National Endowment for the Humanities|Chair]] (2014–) * [[Cephas Yao Agbemenu]] African Art Professor and Traditional African Wood Carver-Traveler * [[Debabrata Basu]], the India-born mathematical-statistician, Florida State University * [[Raj Aggarwal]], American business and finance professor, former dean of University of Akron College of Business Administration * [[Shamshad Akhtar]], Pakistani banker, former governor of the State Bank of Pakistan (2006–2009) * [[Arlene Alda]], American author, photographer, and musician * [[Karim Alrawi]], Egyptian/British author and playwright * [[Augusto Álvarez Rodrich]], Peruvian economist and journalist * [[Ramez Elmasri]], Computer scientist,Professor and Author of Fundamentals of Databases * [[Ayad K. Ali]], Iraqi Pharmaceutical Scientist * [[Harold Amos]], American microbiologist and professor * [[Francis Andersen]], Australian Hebrew and biblical studies scholar * [[Nancy Andreasen]], American neuroscientist, recipient of the National Medal of Science in 2000 * [[Richard Antoun]], American professor of anthropology at Binghamton University, murdered by graduate student in 2009 * [[John Ashbery]], American poet<ref>{{cite web|last1=Piccinnini|first1=Douglas|title=Ashbery in Paris: Out of School|url=http://jacketmagazine.com/37/piccinnini-ashbery.shtml|website=Jacket 2|accessdate=8 October 2015|date=2009}}</ref> * [[Sima Avramovic]], Serbian law professor and legal author * [[Mahmoud M. Ayoud]], Lebanese scholar and professor of religious and inter-faith studies. * [[Craig Barrett (businessman)|Craig Barrett]], Former Chairman of the Board of Intel Corporation * [[Söhnke M. Bartram]], German economist * [[Gad Barzilai]], Professor of International Studies, Law, and Political Science, University of Washington * [[Abdul Razaque]], Scientist, social worker and Novelist. * [[Ed Bishop]], American Actor, Radio and Theatre Productions ''UFO TV Series'' * [[Melissa Block]], American radio host, co-host of ''All Things Considered'' on National Public Radio * [[Robert Bly]], American poet, translator, and editor<ref>{{cite web|title=Robert Bly|url=http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/robert-bly|website=Poetry Foundation|publisher=Poetry Foundation|accessdate=11 October 2015}}</ref> * [[Amar Bose]], Chairman and founder of Bose Corporation * [[David G. Bradley]], Owner of the Atlantic Media Company and founder of the Advisory Board Company and the Corporate Executive Board * [[Jeffrey M. Bradshaw]], American research scientist * [[Michael Bryant (politician)|Michael Bryant]], Canadian politician, former Attorney General of Ontario * [[Storm Bull]], American musician, composer, and educator * [[Kammersanger Reid H. Bunger]], Vienna State Opera * [[Dana Tai Soon Burgess]], choreographer * [[Liam Byrne]], British Labour politician * [[Ángel Cabrera (academic)|Ángel Cabrera]], President, [[George Mason University]] * [[Steven Campbell (artist)|Steven Campbell]], Scottish artist * [[Kyle Carey]], Celtic American musician<ref>{{cite web| title=Featured Fulbrighter – Kyle Carey| url=http://www.fulbright.ca/alumni/alumni-news/featured-fulbrighters/kyle-carey.html| work=Fulbright Canada | accessdate=2014-12-07}}</ref> * [[Bob Carr]], Australian politician * [[Ron Castan]], Australian Constitutional law barrister * [[Lenora Champagne]], playwright, performance artist and director * [[Dale Chihuly]], glass sculptor and entrepreneur. * [[Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz]], Former Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland * [[A. D. Coleman]], American photography critic and author * [[Nathan Collett]], filmmaker * [[Aaron Copland]], American composer * [[Leah Curtis (composer)|Leah Curtis]], Australian composer<ref>{{cite web|title='New' alumnus wins prestigious Fulbright postgraduate award|url=http://www.newcollege.unsw.edu.au/news/award/new-alumnus-wins-prestigious-fulbright-postgraduate-award|work=New College, University of New South Wales|publisher=New College, University of New South Wales|accessdate=28 October 2012}}</ref> * [[Jose Dalisay, Jr.]], Filipino writer * [[Ivan Davis]], classical pianist * [[Max de Esteban]], artist, photographer * [[Barbara Knowles Debs|Barbara Debs]], Former president of Manhattanville College (1975–1985) * [[Richard A. Debs|Richard Debs]], American investment banker, founding president of Morgan Stanley International Inc. * [[Daniel Dennett]], American philosopher, writer and cognitive scientist * [[Niels Diffrient]], American industrial designer * [[William C. Dowling]], scholar, author, social critic * [[John W. Downey]], contemporary classical composer * [[Peter Drysdale]], economist, his work provided the intellectual foundations for the establishment of APEC * [[William Durden]], president of Dickinson College * [[Taghreed El-Khodary]], journalist * [[Erik Engstrom]], CEO of [[Reed Elsevier]] * [[Jan Erkert]], modern dance artist * [[Lee Evans (athlete)|Lee Evans]], Olympic gold medalist * [[John T. Fesperman]], conductor and organist * [[Charles Figley]], president of the Green Cross academy of traumatology * [[Christian Filippella]], film director and writer * [[Andrea Fitting]], founder and CEO of Fitting Group, a challenger branding agency * [[Renée Fleming]], soprano * [[John Miles Foley]], scholar of comparative oral tradition * [[Carlo Forlivesi]], composer and researcher * [[John Hope Franklin]], James B. Duke professor emeritus of history at Duke University and recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom * [[Jonathan Franzen]], novelist * [[John R. P. French]], psychologist * [[John Lewis Gaddis]], distinguished historian of the Cold War, Pulitzer Prize winner * [[András Gerevich]], poet and screenwriter * [[Timothy S. George]], scholar and historian * [[Riccardo Giacconi]], physicist and 2002 Nobel Laureate * [[Gabrielle Giffords]], US Congresswoman * [[Austan Goolsbee]], economist and Presidential advisor * [[Solomon W. Golomb]], American mathematician; inventor of polyominoes, the inspiration for the computer game Tetris. * [[Milton Glaser]], graphic designer * [[Philip Glass]], American composer * [[Betty Jane Gorin-Smith]], Kentucky historian * [[Hedwig Gorski]], performance poet, writer, dramatist * [[Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović]], 4th [[President of Croatia|President of the Republic of Croatia]] * [[George J. Graham, Jr.]], political theorist * [[John Granville (diplomat)|John Granville]], United States Agency for International Development diplomat assassinated in Sudan * [[Harold J. Grimm]], Professor of History and an authority on the Protestant Reformation * [[Charles Gwathmey]], architect * [[Zahi Hawass]], Secretary General, The Supreme Council of Antiquities; Egypt * [[Neville Karunatilake]], Governor, Central Bank of Sri Lanka * [[Joseph Heller]], author * [[Deborah Hertz]], Herman Wouk Chair in Modern Jewish Studies at the University of California, San Diego * [[Garnet Hertz]], Canada Research Chair in Design and Media Arts at Emily Carr University * [[Christof Heyns]], Professor of Human Rights, former Dean of the [[University of Pretoria Faculty of Law]] and United Nations Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions * [[Urs Hölzle]], Senior Vice President of Operations and Google Fellow at Google Inc. * [[Hao Huang]], pianist and professor of music and American Studies * [[Edgar Hull]], Louisiana physician * [[Greg Hunt]], Australian Politician * [[Saeed Jaffrey]], actor and recipient of an OBE * [[Frede Jensen (philologist)|Frede Jensen]], philologist, author, and professor * [[Trevor Joyce]], poet and member of [[Aosdana]] * [[Alex Kahn]], pageant performance artist * [[Kusuma Karunaratne]], Sri Lankan academic, university administrator, professor and scholar of Sinhalese language and literature * [[William Kelly (artist)|William Kelly]] American/Australian artist, humanist and human-rights advocate and former Dean (1975–1982) of the [[Victorian College of the Arts]], Australia. * [[Shirley Strum Kenny]], president of Stony Brook University * [[Tomasz Kitliński]], author * [[H.T. Kirby-Smith]], author and poet * [[Suzanne Klotz]],painter and sculptor<ref>{{cite web|last1=Klotz|first1=Suzanne|title=Fulbright Scholar|url=http://www.cies.org/fulbright-scholars?field_scholar_type_tid%5B%5D=1&field_first_name_value=Suzanne&field_last_name_value=Klotz&field_field_of_study_term_tid=All&title=&field_project_title_value=&title_1=&field_grant_dates_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bdate%5D=&field_grant_dates_value2%5Bvalue%5D%5Bdate%5D=|website=Fulbright Scholar Program|accessdate=18 March 2016}}</ref> {{col-2}} * [[Arnold Krammer]], two-time recipient, historian of Germany and the United States * [[Werner Krieglstein]], a German-American University of Chicago fellow, philosopher, author, and actor * [[Saul Kripke]], American philosopher and logician * [[S.M. Krishna]], Former chief minister of Karnataka, and the former Foreign Minister of India * [[Laila Lalami]], author and essayist * [[Karen LaMonte]], artist with works in the permanent collections of the [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]], the [[De Young Museum]], and others. * [[Alexander Graf Lambsdorff]], Diplomat and Member of the European Parliament * [[Koen Lenaerts]], Belgian law scholar, elected President of the [[European Court of Justice]] in 2015 * [[Ben Lerner]], poet * [[Dennis Letts]], American college [[professor]] and [[actor]] * [[Jack Levine]], American painter and printmaker * [[Samer Libdeh]], journalist and researcher * [[Daniel Libeskind]], Polish-born American architect * [[William S.W. Lim]], Hong Kong architect and author * [[John Lithgow]], actor * [[Felicia Hardison Londré]], theatre historian * [[B. P. Loughridge]], cardiovascular surgeon * [[Alvin Lucier]], composer of experimental music * [[Dolph Lundgren]], actor and director * [[Reinhard H Luthin]], historian and author * [[Robie Macauley]], novelist, editor and literary critic * [[G. S. Maddala]], econometrician * [[Annu Palakunnathu Matthew]], photographer * [[Pierre Gouvin]], geotechnical engineer * [[Germain Marc'hadour]], French literary historian * [[Walter E. Massey]], physicist, former president of Morehouse College and Chairman (2009) of Bank of America. * [[Arthur Chute McGill]], American Theologian and the Bussey Professor of Theology at Harvard from 1971 until 1980. * [[Martin V. Melosi]], environmental and urban historian, [[University of Houston]] * [[John Mendelsohn (doctor)|John Mendelsohn]], president of the University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center * [[William D. Metz]], historian and heritage conservation scholar * [[Lester Walter Milbrath]], professor of political science, environmentalist, author * [[George Armitage Miller]], psychologist and cognitive scientist * [[John Atta Mills]], president of Ghana * [[Anna Moffo]], operatic soprano * [[Richard Magnus Franz Morris]], first Director General of National Social Security and Welfare Corporation, Republic of Liberia * [[Jürgen Mulert]], economist, founder of the German Fulbright Alumni Association * [[Loretta Napoleoni]], economist, author, journalist and political analyst * [[Robert Neffson]], artist * [[Donna Nelson]], chemistry professor; [[Nelson Diversity Surveys]] author, scientific workforce scholar * [[Robert S. Neuman]], painter; Emeritus Professor of Art, Keene State College, University of New Hampshire: 1956. * [[Marcus Nispel]], film director * [[Robert Nozick]],<ref>Juntin Wintle, [https://books.google.com/books?id=991tT3wSot0C&lpg=PP1&ots=kMv9_Isgh9&dq=Makers%20of%20modern%20culture%20By%20Justin%20Wintle&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false Makers of modern culture], Routledge 2002.</ref> American political philosopher * [[Hilda Ochoa-Brillembourg]], president and CEO of Strategic Investment Group * [[Carlos Ott]], Uruguayan architect * [[Naana Jane Opoku-Agyemang]], First female vice chancellor of a Ghanaian university * [[Olara Otunnu]], Ugandan advocate for child rights, and Uganda Presidential Candidate in 2010 * [[Tarik O'Regan]], composer * [[Ron Padgett]], American poet and translator * [[Peggy Pettitt]], African-American actor and storyteller * [[Thomas R. Pickering]], former US under secretary of state for political affairs * [[Sebastián Piñera]], ex-president of Chile * [[Sylvia Plath]], poet * [[Malur R. Narasimha Prasad]] or [[Malur R. Narasimha Prasad|M. R. N. Prasad]], Indian [[Endocrinologist]] and scientist at [[World Health Organisation]]. * [[Michael Pyatok]], architect, Professor of Architecture at the University of Washington in Seattle * [[Fazlur Khan|Fazlur Rahman Khan]], [[Bangladeshi-American]], structural engineer and architect. * [[Aneesh Raman]], former CNN Middle East Correspondent and White House Speechwriter * [[Som Ranchan]], Professor, author, and critic of Indian origin. * [[Bertram Raven]], psychologist * [[John Rawls]], Philosopher * [[Anand Reddi]], global health advocate, physician-scientist * [[Stephan Reimertz]], writer and art historian * [[Michael A. Rice]], biologist and Rhode Island and state representative. * [[Andrew Robinson (actor)|Andrew J. Robinson]], actor and professor * [[Oussama Romdhani]], former Tunisian Communications Minister * [[Michele van de roer|Michele van de Roer]], contemporary French artist, painter, designer, and engraver * [[Brian Rutenberg]], American Abstract Artist *[[Shawna Yang Ryan]], novelist, author, and professor * [[Stefan Sagmeister]], Graphic Designer and Typographer * [[Theodore J. St. Antoine]], Dean of University of Michigan School of Law and expert in labor relations and collective bargaining * [[Nilofar Sakhi]], women's rights activist in Afghanistan * [[Ross Scaife]], Founder and co-editor of The Stoa: A Consortium for Electronic Publication in the Humanities and founding editor of Suda On Line * [[Philip Schultz]] Poet<ref name="US Department of State">{{cite web|title=Fulbrighters & Pulitzer Prize Winners|url=http://fulbright.state.gov/notable-alumni/pulitzer-prize-winners|work=US Department of State|publisher=US Department of State|accessdate=28 October 2012}}</ref> * [[Benjamin Schwarz (writer)|Benjamin Schwarz]], literary editor and national editor, The Atlantic * [[Zapiro|Jonathan Shapiro ("Zapiro")]], South African cartoonist * [[Sarai Sherman]], twentieth-century American artist * [[Ruth Simmons|Ruth J. Simmons]], former president of Brown University * [[Ebenezer Sunder Singh]], contemporary Indian artist * [[Jane Smiley]], American author * [[Elbert B. Smith]], American historian and author * [[Tom and Matt Smith|Tom Smith]], jazz musician, educator * [[Laura J. Snyder]], historian, philosopher, and author * [[Javier Solana]], former Secretary General of NATO and former EU High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy * [[Olen Steinhauer]], author * [[Joseph Stiglitz]], Nobel Prize–winning economist * [[F. Gordon A. Stone]], English chemist and recipient of the [[Davy Medal]] * [[Terence Tao]], mathematician, recipient of the Fields Medal * [[Julie Taymor]], designer and director * [[Alfredo Toro Hardy]], Venezuelan Ambassador to the United States, United Kingdom, Spain, Brazil, Chile, Ireland and Singapore * [[Massimiliano Versace]], scientist and director of the Neuromorphics Lab at Boston University * [[Villalobos Brothers|Ernesto Villalobos]], Mexican composer and award-winning violinist * [[Bernt Wahl]], American mathematician, entrepreneur, author and Industry Fellow at U.C. Berkeley * [[Kameshwar C. Wali]], theoretical physicist and author, professor of physics at Syracuse University * [[Patricia Wasley]], dean of the College of Education at the University of Washington and renowned education scholar * [[David H. Wells]], photographer and video-maker * [[Ulrich Wickert]], German journalist and TV presenter * [[Colin H Williams]], Professor, School of Welsh, Cardiff University * [[Shirley Williams]], English Politician * [[Charles Wright (poet)|Charles Wright]], American poet<ref name="US Department of State"/> * [[James Wright (poet)|James Wright]], American poet<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gray|first1=Jeffrey|title=Mastery's End: Travel and Postwar American Poetry|date=2005|publisher=UGA Press|location=Athens, GA|page=145|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3KsP32CLGtcC&lpg=PA145&ots=YAEtqNYfFA&dq=adrienne%20rich%20fulbright&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=12 October 2015}}</ref> * [[Muhammad Yunus]], Bangladeshi economist and founder of [[Grameen Bank]], Nobel Prize winner * [[Aleksandra Ziolkowska-Boehm]], Polish and American author {{col-end}} == J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding == <!-- This section is linked from [[Martti Ahtisaari]] --> The '''J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding''', established in 1993, is awarded by the [[Fulbright Association]] to recognize individuals who have made extraordinary contributions toward bringing peoples, cultures, or nations to greater understanding of others. === Fulbright Prize laureates === {|class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Person !Year !Country |- |[[Nelson Mandela]] | 1993 |{{Country|South Africa|1928}} |- |[[Jimmy Carter]] | 1994 |{{Country|United States}} |- |[[Franz Vranitzky]] | 1995 |{{Country|Austria}} |- |[[Corazon Aquino]] | 1996 |{{Country|Philippines}} |- |[[Václav Havel]] | 1997 |{{Country|Czech Republic}} |- |[[Patricio Aylwin]] | 1998 |{{Country|Chile}} |- |[[Mary Robinson]] |1999 |{{Country|Ireland}} |- |[[Martti Ahtisaari]] | 2000 |{{Country|Finland}} |- |[[Kofi Annan]] | 2001 |{{Country|Ghana}} |- |[[Sadako Ogata]] | 2002 |{{Country|Japan}} |- |[[Fernando Henrique Cardoso]] | 2003 |{{Country|Brazil}} |- |[[Colin Powell]] | 2004 |{{Country|United States}} |- |[[Bill Clinton]] | 2006 |{{Country|United States}} |- |[[Desmond Tutu]] | 2008 |{{Country|South Africa}} |- |[[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]] |2010 |{{Country|United States}} |- |[[Médecins Sans Frontières]] | 2012 |{{Country|France}} |- |[[Hans Blix]] |2014 |{{Country|Sweden}} |} {{colend|2}} == See also == {{colbegin|2}} * [[Academic mobility]] * [[Belgian American Educational Foundation]] (BAEF) * [[Chevening Scholarship]] * [[Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation]] * [[EducationUSA]] * [[Erasmus Programme]] * [[Fulbright Austria]] * [[German Academic Exchange Service]] ([[Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst]]) * [[Goodwill Scholarships]] * [[Harkness Fellowship]] * [[ITT International Fellowship Program]] * [[Monbukagakusho Scholarship]] * [[United States Cultural Exchange Programs]] * [[Rhodes Scholarship]] * [[Marshall Scholarship]] {{colend}} == References == {{Reflist|2}} == External links == * [http://eca.state.gov/fulbright U.S. Department of State Fulbright Website]—Information clearing house for the entire Fulbright Program from the program's sponsor * [http://brightful.ly/fulbright/ Brightful: The Fulbright Application Guide]—An unofficial guide to the Fulbright * [http://fulbrightguide.org/ The Zen of Fulbright: The Unofficial Guide to Making the Most of Your U.S. Fulbright Scholarship]—Compiled from interviews with dozens of Fulbright alumni, this guide is designed to help Fulbright applicants develop stronger projects and proposals, and help Fulbright grantees get the most out of their time abroad. * [http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ope/iegps/fulbright-hays.html Fulbright-Hays information from the U.S. Department of Education] * [http://www.fulbrightonline.org/ Fulbright Student Program Homepage]—Fulbright grants for graduating seniors, recent college graduates, young professionals and artists * [http://www.cies.org/ Fulbright Scholar Program]—Council for International Exchange of Scholars's website with information about Fulbright grants for university and college faculty, administrators and professionals * [http://www.fulbrightteacherexchange.org/ Fulbright Teacher Exchange Programs]—Website for K–12 Teacher Exchange * [http://www.phdfriend.com Fulbright scholarship how to]—Fulbright scholarship application guide and experiences * [http://www.campus.com.bd/fulbright-foreign-student-program-u-s/ Fulbright Foreign Student Program in U.S.A] * [http://www.fulbrightalumni.org/olc/pub/FBA/cpages/fulbright_prize/fulbright_prize.jsp The J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding] [[Category:Fulbright Scholars]] [[Category:Fulbright Distinguished Chairs]] [[Category:Academic transfer]] [[Category:Student exchange]] [[Category:Scholarships in the United States]] [[Category:1946 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:American education awards]] [[Category:Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs]] [[Category:United States Department of State]]'