Examine individual changes

'{{Short description|Trilateral naval exercise}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}} [[File:Ships from the Royal Australian Navy, Indian navy, Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force and the United States Navy participate in Malabar 2020.jpg|thumb|Ships from the [[Royal Australian Navy]], [[Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force]], [[Indian Navy]] and the [[United States Navy]] participate in Malabar 2020.|400x400px]] {{Multiple image | image1 = An Indian Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) technician and a U.S. Navy Sailor launch a MK18 Mod. One unmanned underwater vehicle during a mine countermeasures training mission near Sasebo during Exercise Malabar 2016.jpg | image2 = MARCOS and US Navy SEALs, Urban Combat Training, MALABAR 2021 (bright).jpg | caption1 = An Indian Navy [[Explosive ordnance disposal|Explosive Ordnance Disposal]] technician and a U.S. Navy Sailor launch an [[autonomous underwater vehicle]], Malabar 2016. | caption2 = [[Urban combat]] training during Malabar 2021. [[MARCOS]], [[United States Navy SEALs|US Navy SEALs]] and [[Special Boarding Unit|JMSDF special forces]] visible. | total_width = 400 }} '''Exercise Malabar'''{{Efn|Named after the south-west Indian coast, [[Malabar Coast]], where the first exercise was conducted. [[File:India Malabar Coast locator map.svg|thumb|Map showing Malabar Coast]]}} is a naval exercise involving the [[United States]], [[Japan]] and [[India]] as permanent partners.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gady|first1=Franz-Stefan|date=5 June 2018|title=India, US, and Japan to Hold 'Malabar' Naval War Games This Week|url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/06/india-us-and-japan-to-hold-malabar-naval-war-games-this-week/|url-access=limited|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613220800/https://thediplomat.com/2018/06/india-us-and-japan-to-hold-malabar-naval-war-games-this-week/|archive-date=13 June 2018|access-date=5 June 2018|website=The Diplomat}}</ref> The annual Malabar exercises includes diverse activities, ranging from fighter combat operations from aircraft carriers through [[Maritime Interdiction Operations|maritime interdiction operations]], [[anti-submarine warfare]], diving salvage operations, amphibious operations, counter-piracy operations, cross–deck helicopter landings and anti–air warfare operations.<ref name="MilEx08">{{cite web|date=17 November 2008|title=Military Exercises –– Feb to Nov 2008. Indo–US Bilateral Naval Exercise – Malabar 08.|url=http://www.indiadefence.com/MilEx.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219184931/http://www.indiadefence.com/MilEx.htm|archive-date=19 December 2008|access-date=28 November 2008|website=indiadefence.com (India Defence Consultants)}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite web|last=Khurana|first=Gurpreet S|date=5 August 2014|title=India-US MALABAR Naval Exercises: Trends and Tribulations|url=https://www.academia.edu/7879273|access-date=5 November 2020|website=National Maritime Foundation}}</ref> Over the years, the exercise has been conducted in the [[Philippine Sea]], off the coast of Japan, the [[Persian Gulf]], in the [[Bay of Bengal]] and the [[Arabian Sea]].<ref>{{cite web|date=19 October 2020|others=Ministry of Defence|title=Malabar 2020 Naval Exercise|url=http://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1665830|url-status=live|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref> The exercise started in 1992 along the [[Malabar Coast]] as a bilateral exercise between India and the United States. It was expanded in 2007 with the participation of Japan, Singapore and Australia. Japan became a permanent partner in 2015. Australia participated in the exercise again in 2020, marking the second time that the [[Quadrilateral Security Dialogue|Quad]] will be jointly participating in a military exercise.<ref>{{cite web|date=3 November 2020|title=Malabar Drill: India, US, Japan and Australia kick off Malabar drill; China reacts|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-us-japan-and-australia-kick-off-malabar-drill-china-reacts/articleshow/79020624.cms|access-date=2020-11-05|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref name="sksam" /> The aim of the exercise includes increasing [[interoperability]] between the naval forces. The duration of the exercise has ranged from 1 to 11 sea-days.<ref name=":8">{{cite web|last1=Pant|first1=Harsh V.|last2=Mann|first2=Anant Singh|date=14 August 2020|title=India's Malabar Dilemma (ORF Issue Brief No. 393)|url=https://www.orfonline.org/research/indias-malabar-dilemma/|access-date=2020-11-07|website=Observer Research Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> The complexity and sophistication of the exercise has increased over the years.<ref name=":9">{{cite web|last=Joshi|first=Shashank|date=9 October 2015|title=Malabar: Modi Government misses an opportunity as annual exercise slumps|url=https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/malabar-modi-government-misses-opportunity-annual-exercise-slumps|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-14|website=Lowy Institute. The Interpreter.|language=en}}</ref> Exercises have on-shore and at-sea stages.<ref name=":7" /> The average participation by India increased from 8 ships to just over 9 from 2002 to 2014.<ref name=":9" /> Exercises have included [[aircraft carrier]]s (USS {{USS|Nimitz|CVN-68|2}}, {{USS|Kitty Hawk|CV-63|2}}, {{USS|Ronald Reagan|CVN-76|2}}, {{USS|George Washington|CVN-73|2}}, {{USS|John S. McCain|DDG 56|2}}, [[helicopter carrier]]s (JS {{JS|Kaga|DDH-184|2}}'', {{JS|Izumo|DDH-183|2}}'', ''{{JS|Ise|DDH-182|2}},'' {{JS|Hyūga|DDH-181|2}}''),'' frigates, submarines (diesel-electric and nuclear), destroyers, guided-missile vessels, cruisers, amphibious ships and auxiliary ships such as tankers. Coast guard vessels have also taken place. Aircraft have included the [[P3C Orion]],<ref name="IndianDefence101808" /> [[Boeing P-8 Poseidon|Poseidon P8I]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Tupolev Tu-142]],<ref name=":17" /> [[Kawasaki P-1]],<ref name="2019IN">{{cite web|title=Exercise Malabar 2019|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/node/24158|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926013439/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/node/24158|archive-date=26 September 2019|access-date=26 September 2019|website=Indian Navy}}</ref> [[ShinMaywa US-2]],<ref name="in14" /> [[F/A-18 Super Hornets|F/A 18 Super Hornets]], [[SEPECAT Jaguar|Jaguars]], [[BAE Sea Harrier|Sea Harrier jet]]s and [[Westland Sea King|Sea King helicopters]].<ref name="sksam" /><ref name="is9j" /> Special forces have also taken part.<ref name=":18" /> == 1992–2002 == The first Malabar exercise between India and the United States was held on 28/29 May 1992.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Rajagopalan|first1=Rajeswari Pillai|date=15 November 2019|title=Tiger Triumph: US-India Military Relations Get More Complex|url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/11/tiger-triumph-us-india-military-relations-get-more-complex/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301060247/https://thediplomat.com/2019/11/tiger-triumph-us-india-military-relations-get-more-complex/|archive-date=1 March 2020|access-date=1 March 2020|website=The Diplomat}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Khattak|first=Mahrukh|date=1992|title=Indo–US Naval Exercises|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45182074|journal=Strategic Studies|volume=15|issue=1|pages=7–10|jstor=45182074|issn=1029-0990}}</ref> The exercises were located along the [[Malabar Coast]] in [[Kochi|Cochin]], headquarters of the [[Southern Naval Command|Indian Southern Naval Command]], and [[Goa]].<ref name=":6" /> It was of an elementary level, including four vessels, [[PASSEX|passing exercises]] and basic maneuvers.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6" /> Two more exercises were conducted before 1998, when the Americans suspended exercises after [[List of nuclear weapons tests of India|India tested nuclear weapons]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3165228.stm |title=India, US hold naval exercises |date=2003-10-05 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2 December 2008 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094749/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3165228.stm |url-status=live}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Edition !Year !Participants !Exercise Area !Vessels{{Efn|name=fn1|Other vessels such as tankers and various naval aircraft, including those attacked to aircraft carriers, also take part}} !Exercises !Ref |- |1 |1992 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} |India's west coast |{{plainlist| *{{INS|Gomati|F21|6}}, {{INS|Ranjit|D53|6}} *{{USS|Vandegrift|FFG-48|6}}, {{USS|David R. Ray|DD-971|6}} }} |Frequency sharing, basic maneuvers, search and rescue.<ref name=":6" /> |<ref name=":2" /> |- |2 |1995 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} |Persian Gulf | | |<ref name=":2" /> |- |3 |1996 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} |India's west coast | | |<ref name=":2" /> |} == 2002–2007 == [[File:US Navy 070907-N-8591H-194 F-A-18F Super Hornet Strike Fighter Squadron 102, F-A-18E Super Hornet Strike Fighter Squadron 27, Indian Navy Sea Harriers, Indian Air Force Jaguars over INS Viraat (R 22), Malabar 07-2.jpg|thumb|A pair of [[Indian Air Force]] [[SEPECAT Jaguar|Jaguars]] flying in formation beside a pair of [[Indian Navy]] [[Sea Harriers]] and a pair of [[U.S. Navy]] [[F/A-18 Super Hornet]]s, flying over [[INS Viraat]] during Malabar 2007.]] [[File:US Navy 050925-N-0413R-001 Ships assigned to the USS Nimitz Carrier Strike Group and the Indian aircraft carrier Viraat (R 22) underway in formation as part of exercise Malabar 2005.jpg|thumb|Ships assigned to the USS Nimitz Carrier Strike Group and the Indian aircraft carrier INS Viraat in formation as part of Malabar 2005.]] [[File:US Navy 061026-N-0209M-005 Indian soldiers assigned to the 9th Battalion of the Sikh Infantry take notes during small arms training aboard USS Boxer (LHD 4) during Malabar 2006.jpg|thumb|Indian soldiers assigned to the 9th Battalion of the [[Sikh Light Infantry|Sikh Infantry]] take notes during small arms training aboard USS Boxer during Malabar 2006.]] The United States renewed military contact following the 2001 [[September 11 attacks]] when India joined President [[George W. Bush|George W Bush's]] [[War on terror|campaign against international terrorism]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nadkarni|first=Vidya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wdKNAgAAQBAJ|title=Strategic Partnerships in Asia: Balancing Without Alliances|date=2010-01-21|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-26525-0|pages=158}}</ref> The 2003 exercises featured sub-surface exercises for the first time.<ref name=":2" /> In 2005 India and US signed the New Framework for the India - U.S. Defence Relationship.<ref name=":12">{{cite web|last=Cherian|first=John|date=21 September 2007|title=The battle is on|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30192939.ece|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-15|website=Frontline|publisher=The Hindu}}</ref> Malabar 2005 saw the inclusion of aircraft carriers from both navies for the first time.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":9" /> 2006 was the first time expeditionary exercises took place with a United States Expeditionary Strike Group (ESG) leading the exercise.<ref name=":2" /> Malabar 2007 was the first time three aircraft carriers took part. In 2007, the [[Quadrilateral Security Dialogue]], an initiative between Japan, United States, Australia and India impacted the Malabar exercise.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=Jeff M.|url=https://archive.org/details/coldpeacechinain0000smit|title=Cold peace : China-India rivalry in the twenty-first century|date=2014|publisher=Lanham, Maryland : Lexington Books|isbn=978-1-4985-2092-8|pages=182–186|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> In 2007, for the first time, navies other than Indian, the US joined the exercise with the armada of Japan, Singapore and Australia. Also for the first time, the exercise was shifted from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.<ref name=":7" /> [[China]], which did off not officially comment on the exercise, was known to be unhappy over the event as it was being conducted in the Bay of Bengal for the first time. China has been cultivating naval cooperation with [[Bangladesh]] and [[Myanmar]] to gain access to the Bay of Bengal and has been strengthening military cooperation with [[Sri Lanka]]. In June, China had issued a '[[demarche]]' to [[United States]], [[Japan]] and [[Australia]] seeking details about their four-nation meeting, termed a Quadrilateral Initiative. Japan and Australia had quickly assured Beijing that security and defence issues did not form part of the meeting's agenda.<ref>{{cite web|last1=|first1=|date=10 July 2017|title=What is Malabar naval exercise? Why is Chinese media considering it a threat?|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/malabar-exercise-2017-india-us-japan-china-naval-navy-ins-vikramaditya-1023389-2017-07-10|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226142832/https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/malabar-exercise-2017-india-us-japan-china-naval-navy-ins-vikramaditya-1023389-2017-07-10|archive-date=26 February 2020|access-date=2020-02-26|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|authors=Ramananda Sengupta and Nikhil Lakshman|date=2006|title=''Your navy is world class'': Interview: US Pacific Fleet Commander Gary Roughead|url=http://specials.rediff.com/news/2006/may/31sld01.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513182508/http://specials.rediff.com/news/2006/may/31sld04.htm|archive-date=13 May 2013|access-date=3 May 2012|website=[[Rediff]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Edition !Year !Participants !Exercise Area !Vessels{{Efn|name=fn1}} !Exercises !Ref |- |4 |2002 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} |Arabian Sea |{{plainlist| *{{INS|Delhi|D61|6}}, {{INS|Gomati|F21|6}}, {{INS|Shankul|S47|6}}, {{INS|Aditya|A59|6}} *{{USS|Chancellorsville|CG-62|6}}, {{USS|Paul F. Foster|DD-964|6}}<ref name=":5">[https://www.mod.gov.in/sites/default/files/MOD-English2003_0.pdf Annual Report. 2002-2003.] ''Ministry of Defence''. Government of India. pg 27. Retrieved on 13 October 2021.</ref>}} |Basic passing maneuvers, [[anti-submarine]] (ASW) exercises and [[Underway replenishment|replenishment-at-sea drill]]s<ref>{{cite web|last=Griffin|first=Christopher J.|date=31 December 2006|others=Armed Forces Journal|title=What India Wants|url=https://www.aei.org/articles/what-india-wants/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-13|website=American Enterprise Institute|language=en-US}}</ref> |<ref name=":8" /> |- |5 |2003 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} |India's west coast |{{plainlist| *{{INS|Brahmaputra|F31|6}}, {{INS|Ganga|F22|6}}, {{INS|Shalki|S46|6}} *{{USS|Fitzgerald|DDG-62|6}}, {{USS|Chosin|CG-65|6}}, {{USS|Pasadena|SSN-752|6}}}}<ref name=":10">{{cite news|date=2003-10-06|title=Indo-U.S. naval exercise begins today|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India|url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/10/06/stories/2003100602700500.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=2 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013031739/http://www.hindu.com/2003/10/06/stories/2003100602700500.htm|archive-date=13 October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Unnithan|first=Sandeep|date=20 October 2003|title=Malabar-2003 naval exercise signals new high in cooperation between India and US|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/defence/story/20031020-malabar-2003-naval-exercise-signals-new-high-in-cooperation-between-india-and-us-791635-2003-10-20|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-13|website=India Today}}</ref> |3 dimensional, anti-submarine warfare exercises, helicopter maneuvers, [[Visit, board, search, and seizure|VBSS]] drills<ref name=":10" /> |<ref name=":2" /> |- |6 |2004 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} |India's west coast |{{INS|Aditya|A59|6}}, {{INS|Mysore|D60|6}}, {{INS|Brahmaputra|F31|6}}, {{INS|Shankul|S47|6}} {{USS|Alexandria|SSN-757|6}}, {{USS|Cowpens|CG 63|6}}, {{USS|Gary|FFG 51|6}}<ref name=":19">{{cite web|authors=|date=14 October 2004|title=Malabar 2004. Malabar '04 Exercises Conclude Successfully Off Indian Coast.|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Galleries/Bridges/2004/Malabar/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-15|website=|publisher=U.S. 7th Fleet Public Affairs|via=Bharat Rakshak}}</ref> |War at sea, submarine familiarization exercises, small boat transfers, group maneuvers, nighttime maneuvers, [[Visit, board, search, and seizure|VBSS]] drills<ref name=":5" /> |<ref name=":2" /> |- |7 |2005 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} |India's west coast |{{plainlist| *{{INS|Viraat|R22|6}}, {{INS|Shankul|S47|6}} *{{USS|Nimitz|CVN-68|6}}, {{USS|Santa Fe|SSN-763|6}} }} <ref name=":14">{{cite web|date=26 September 2005|title=Press Releases 2005. Malabar 05: Indo-US Aircraft Carriers to Conduct Joint Exercise in Arabian Sea.|url=http://newdelhi.usembassy.gov/pr092605.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111222635/http://newdelhi.usembassy.gov/pr092605.html|archive-date=11 January 2009|website=Embassy of the United States, New Delhi}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{cite web|last=Sathe|first=Abhijeet|date=29 September 2005|title=Indo-US navy exercises:More than expected achieved|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2005/sep/29navy.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306123211/http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/sep/29navy.htm|archive-date=6 March 2016|access-date=28 April 2019|website=Rediff}}</ref> |[[Dissimilar air combat training|Dissimilar air combat tactics]] (DACT),<ref name=":14" /> joint [[salvage diving]] exercises,<ref name=":2" /> a 24-hour 'war at sea' simulation<ref name=":13" /> |<ref name=":2" /> |- |8 |2006 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} {{Flagicon|Canada}} |India's west coast |{{USS|Boxer|LHD 4|6}} [[Expeditionary strike group|Expeditionary Strike Group]] (BOXESG; 13 ships including amphibious ships, cruisers, destroyers, {{USS|Providence|SSN-719|6}}, marines from the [[15th Marine Expeditionary Unit]]) Indian guided missile frigates and destroyers {{HMCS|Ottawa|FFH 341|6}} Coast guard ships included {{USCGC|John Midgett|WHEC-726|6}} and an Indian Coast Guard [[Samar-class offshore patrol vessel|patrol ship]]<ref name=":7" /> |Expeditionary ops.<ref name=":2" /> Exchange of coast guard practices in maritime law enforcement, anti-piracy operations, pollution control, search and rescue, and VBSS support. During the second phase, BOXESG conducted Indian port stops including [[Mumbai]] and [[Goa]] allowing it a chance to experience Indian culture, re-supply, and support a [[Habitat for Humanity]] project. |<ref name=":2" /> |- |9 |2007 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} |Philippine Sea |Three carriers {{INS|Viraat|R22|6}}, {{USS|Nimitz|CVN-68|6}}, {{USS|Kitty Hawk|CV-63|6}} {{USS|John S. McCain|DDG 56|6}}, {{USS|Mustin|DDG 89|6}}, {{USS|Curtis Wilbur|DDG 54|6}}, {{USS|Fitzgerald|DDG 62|6}}, {{USS|Stethem|DDG 63|6}}, {{USS|Gary|FFG 51|6}}, {{USS|Greeneville|SSN-772|6}} {{INS| Mysore|D60|6}}, {{INS|Rana|D52|6}}, {{INS|Ranjit|D53|6}}, {{INS|Jyoti|A58|6}}, {{INS|Kuthar|P46|6}} and various Indian Naval aircraft.<ref name="br9j">{{cite web|authors=Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class John L. Beeman|date=9 April 2007|others=7th Fleet Public Affairs|title=Malabar 07-01.|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Galleries/Bridges/2007/Malabar0701/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225022201/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Galleries/Bridges/2007/Malabar0701/|archive-date=25 February 2013|access-date=9 January 2013|publisher=|via=Bharat Rakshak}}</ref> |[[Command of the sea]], maritime interdiction, exercises in all warfare areas. VBSS drills, surface exercises, coordinated fire, air defense and ASW exercises.<ref name="br9j" /> |<ref name=":2" /> |- |10 |2007 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} {{Flagicon|Japan}} {{Flagicon|Australia}} {{Flagicon|Singapore}} |Bay of Bengal |27 ships (8 of Indian Navy, 14 from US Navy, and the remaining from JMSDF, RAN, RSN)<ref name="sksam" /> {{USS|Nimitz|CVN-68|6}}, {{USS|Kitty Hawk|CV-63|6}}, {{USS|Chicago|SSN-721|6}}, two guided missile cruisers, and six guided missile destroyers. {{INS|Viraat|R22|6}}, {{INS|Mysore|D60|6}}, {{INS|Rana|D52|6}}, {{INS|Ranjit|D53|6}}, {{INS|Jyoti|A58|6}}, {{INS|Kuthar|P46|6}} RAN represented by a frigate and a tanker; JMSDF by two destroyers; and RSN by a frigate.<ref name="sksam">{{cite web|authors=Captain Vinay Garg|date=2007|title=Exercise Malabar-2007: A Major Step Towards Finetuning Maritime Capabilities|url=http://sainiksamachar.nic.in/englisharchives/2007/sep15-07/h1.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515094506/http://sainiksamachar.nic.in/englisharchives/2007/sep15-07/h1.htm|archive-date=15 May 2013|access-date=9 January 2013|publisher=[[Sainik Samachar]]|quote=Exercise Malabar, named after the scenic south-west coast of India, is the generic name given to the Indo- US naval interaction.}}</ref><ref name="is9j">{{cite web|last=Ved|first=Mahendra|date=September 2007|title=Indian Navy's Malabar and other Exercises|url=http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories45.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117143438/http://indiastrategic.in/topstories45.htm|archive-date=17 January 2013|access-date=9 January 2013|publisher=India Strategic}}</ref> |DACT, [[Cross-deck (naval terminology)|cross deck]] exercises, patrollings, air defence and ASW exercises, exercises related to maritime threats<ref name="sksam" /> |<ref name=":2" /> |} == 2008–2014 == [[File:US Navy 090502-N-3830J-283 Maritime forces from India, Japan and the U.S. are underway during Malabar 2009, a trilateral training exercise led by the Indian Navy.jpg|thumb|Maritime forces from India, Japan and the U.S. during Malabar 2009]] [[File:US Navy 090504-N-4918C-058 Sailors from amphibious command ship USS Blue Ridge (LCC 19) and embarked Seventh Fleet staff cleaning up White Beach in Okinawa, Japan.jpg|thumb|Sailors from USS Blue Ridge and embarked 7th Fleet staff cleaning up White Beach in [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawa]], Japan as part of the community service project, Malabar 2009.]] [[File:120407-N-BC134-820.JPG (6913603830).jpg|thumb|Sailors assigned to the [[USS Bunker Hill (CG-52)|USS Bunker Hill]] work with Indian locals to clean a lake during a community relations project in support of Malabar 2012.]] [[File:INS Shakti replenishing USS Carl Vinson.jpg|thumb|[[INS Shakti (A57)|INS ''Shakti'']] replenishing [[USS Carl Vinson (CVN-70)|USS ''Carl Vinson'']] during Malabar 2012.]] [[File:120411-N-BC134-200.JPG (6936339080).jpg|thumb|An Indian Naval officer observes operations in the combat information center aboard USS Bunker Hill in support of Malabar 2012.]] [[File:VAW-125 E-2C Hawkeye coming in for landing aboard USS Carl Vinson (CVN-70) during Malabar 2012 120411-N-UT411-896.jpg|thumb|An [[Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye|E-2C Hawkeye]] aircraft assigned to [[Carrier Airborne Early Warning Squadron 125|Carrier Airborne Early Warning Squadron (VAW) 125]] lands on USS Carl Vinson during Malabar 2012.]] Domestic political changes in Australia and Japan, including China's opposition, resulted in Malabar 2008 being on a much smaller scale with only participation from India and the US, and being conducted in the Indian Ocean.<ref name=":7" /> Some protests in India against the 2008 exercise were led by the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{cite web|date=22 August 2008|title=Against the Malabar Exercises|url=https://cpim.org/content/against-malabar-exercises|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-14|website=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|language=en|quote=The CPI(M), {{sic|alon|gwith|noink=y}} the Left parties and other democratic forces, will organise big protests against the Malabar exercises when it is held in October.}}</ref> While the 2009 exercises were trilateral, India did not participate in the amphibious assault exercise in Japan.<ref name=":2" /> India had stopped involving more countries in the exercises after China, in 2007, sent demarches to all the participants of a five-nation naval exercise held in the Bay of Bengal. With the Japanese participation in 2009 raising no political storm, India was once again agreeable to the idea of allowing the JMSDF to participate.<ref name="Dikshit" /> The [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami]] on the east coast of Japan in March 2011 caused Japan to back out of the next Malabar which was held off the Okinawa coast.<ref name=":7" /><ref name="Dikshit">{{cite news|last=Dikshit|first=Sandeep|date=16 February 2011|title=Japan to take part in India-U.S. naval exercises again|work=The Hindu|location=Chennai, India|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/article1459675.ece|url-status=live|access-date=16 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629122440/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/article1459675.ece|archive-date=29 June 2011}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Edition !Year !Participants !Exercise Area !Vessels{{Efn|name=fn1}} !Exercises !Ref |- |11 |2008 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} |Arabian Sea |{{USS|Ronald Reagan|CVN-76|6}}'s [[Carrier Strike Group Seven]], {{USS|Springfield|SSN-761|6}}, {{USNS|Bridge|T-AOE 10|6}}, {{USS|Gridley|DDG 101|6}}, {{USS|Thach|FFG 43|6}}, {{USS|Decatur|DDG 73|6}} {{INS|Mumbai|D62|6}}, {{INS|Rana|D52|6}}; {{INS|Talwar|F40|6}}, {{INS|Godavari|F20|6}}, {{INS|Brahmaputra|F31|6}}, {{INS|Betwa|F39|6}}, {{INS|Aditya|A59|6}}; and a [[Shishumar class submarine|submarine]].<ref name="MilEx08" /><ref name="IndianDefence101808">{{cite web|date=18 October 2008|title=Malabar 2008: India, United States Begin Arabian Sea Naval War Games from October 20th 2008|url=http://www.india-defence.com/reports/4053|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307083217/http://www.india-defence.com/reports/4053|archive-date=7 March 2012|access-date=27 December 2011|publisher=Indian Defence}}</ref><ref name="Flanders2008">{{cite web|author=Lt. Ron Flanders|date=17 October 2008|title=U.S. Navy Ships Arrive in India for 10th Malabar Exercise|url=http://www.c7f.navy.mil/news/2008/10-october/10.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611121827/http://www.c7f.navy.mil/news/2008/10-october/10.htm|archive-date=11 June 2012|access-date=27 December 2011|work=Carrier Strike Group 7 Public Affairs|publisher=U.S. Seventh Fleet}}</ref> |Surface, sub-surface and air exercises, firing exercises, VBSS<ref name="MilEx08" /> |<ref name=":2" /> |- |12 |2009 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} {{Flagicon|Japan}} |Japan |{{INS|Mumbai|D62|6}}, {{INS|Khanjar|P47|6}}, {{INS|Ranvir|D54|6}}, {{INS|Jyoti|A58|6}}, {{JDS|Kurama|DDH-144|6}}, {{JDS|Asayuki|DD-132|6}}, {{USS|Blue Ridge|LCC-19|6}}, {{USS|Fitzgerald|DDG-62|6}}, {{USS|Chafee|DDG-90|6}}, {{USS|Seawolf|SSN-21|6}}<ref>{{cite web|authors=Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Josh Cassatt|date=5 May 2009|title=India, Japan, U.S. Foster Relationships During MALABAR|url=https://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=45022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107061304/https://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=45022|archive-date=7 November 2018|access-date=28 April 2019|website=navy.mil}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|authors=Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Matthew R. White, Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Josh Cassatt|title=Malabar 2009|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Galleries/Bridges/2009/Malabar/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720141802/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Galleries/Bridges/2009/Malabar/|archive-date=20 July 2014|access-date=5 June 2014|website=|via=bharat-rakshak.com}}</ref> |VBBS techniques, surface warfare maneuvers, anti-submarine warfare, gunnery training, air defense. |<ref name=":2" /> |- |13 |2010 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} |India's west coast |{{USS|Shiloh|CG 67|6}}, {{USS|Lassen|DDG 82|6}}, {{USS|Chafee|DDG 90|6}}, {{USS|Curts|FFG 38|6}}, {{USS|Annapolis|SSN 760|6}}<ref name=":18">{{cite web|authors=Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Charles Oki aboard USS Lassen|date=23 April 2010|title=U.S. Navy prepares to participate in Exercise Malabar 2010|url=http://www.c7f.navy.mil/news/2010/04-april/16.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130220174946/http://www.c7f.navy.mil/news/2010/04-april/16.htm|archive-date=20 February 2013|access-date=2014-06-05|website=U.S. 7th Fleet.}}</ref>{{INS|Mysore|D60|6}}, {{INS|Godavari|F20|6}}, {{INS|Brahmaputra|F31|6}}, {{INS|Tabar|F44|6}}, {{INS|Shishumar|S44|6}}<ref>{{cite web|date=24 April 2010|title=Indo-US naval exercise 'Malabar 2010' begins|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2010/apr/24/indo-us-naval-exercise-malabar-2010-begins-149768.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-15|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> |Surface and antis-ubmarine warfare, coordinated gunnery exercises, air defense, and visit, board, search, and seizure drills. Sailors took part in professional exchanges and discussions while at-sea and on shore. US Navy personnel participated in a community service project during the port visit to Goa. |<ref name=":2" /> |- |14 |2011 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} |Japan |[[Carrier Strike Group Seven]]. {{USS|Sterett|DDG-104|2|up=yes}}, {{USS|Stethem|DDG-63|2|up=yes}}; {{USS|Reuben James|FFG-57|2|up=yes}}; {{USS|Santa Fe|SSN-763|6}} {{ship|INS|Delhi|D61|6}}, {{ship|INS|Ranvijay|D55|6}}, {{ship|INS|Ranvir|D54|6}}; {{ship|INS|Kirch|P62|6}}, {{INS|Jyoti|A58|6}}.<ref name="NNS110410-01">{{cite web|author=Mass Communication Specialist Aaron M. Pineda, USN|date=10 April 2011|title=Malabar 2011 Enters Final Phase|url=http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=59685|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110415193313/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=59685|archive-date=15 April 2011|access-date=2011-12-28|work=NNS110410-01|publisher=U.S. 7th Fleet Public Affairs}}</ref><ref name="NNS110402-12">{{cite web|date=2 April 2011|title=Seventh Fleet to Conduct Exercise Malabar with Indian Navy|url=http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=59538|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110419113407/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=59538|archive-date=19 April 2011|access-date=2011-12-28|work=NNS110402-12|publisher=U.S. 7th Fleet Public Affairs}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Mass Communication Specialist Aaron M. Pineda, USN|date=10 April 2011|title=U.S., Indian Navies Kick Off Malabar 2011|url=http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=59568|access-date=2011-02-28|work=NNS110405-08|publisher=U.S. 7th Fleet Public Affairs}}</ref> |Exercise's coincided with the Indian Navy's western Pacific deployment.<ref name="NNS110410-01" /> Exercise events included liaison officer professional exchanges and embarks; communications exercises; surface action group exercise operations; formation maneuvering; helicopter cross deck evolutions; underway replenishments; humanitarian assistance and disaster relief; gunnery exercises; VBSS; maritime strike; air defense; screen exercise and ASW.<ref name="NNS110402-12" /> |<ref name=":2" /> |- |15 |2012 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} |Bay of Bengal |[[Carrier Strike Group One|Carrier Strike Group 1]] comprising {{USS|Carl Vinson|CVN-70|6}}, embarked [[Carrier Air Wing Seventeen|Carrier Air Wing 17]], {{USS|Bunker Hill|CG-52|6}}, {{USS|Halsey|DDG-97|6}}, {{USNS|Bridge|T-AOE-10|6}}.<ref name=":15">{{cite web|authors=Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class (SW) Byron C. Linder, USS Carl Vinson Public Affairs|date=13 April 2012|title=Carl Vinson Sailors Make History During Exercise Malabar 2012|url=https://www.public.navy.mil/surfor/ccsg5/Pages/CarlVinsonSailorsMakeHistoryDuringExerciseMalabar2012.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702162534/http://www.public.navy.mil/surfor/ccsg5/Pages/CarlVinsonSailorsMakeHistoryDuringExerciseMalabar2012.aspx|archive-date=2 July 2017|access-date=28 April 2019|website=www.public.navy.mil}}</ref> {{INS|Satpura|F48|6}}, {{INS|Ranvir|D54|6}}, {{INS|Ranvijay|D55|6}}, {{INS|Kulish|P63|6}}, {{INS|Shakti|A57|6}}<ref name=":15" /><ref name="usn">Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Byron C. Linder (17 April 2012). [http://www.c7f.navy.mil/news/2012/04-april/022.htm Carrier Strike Group 1 Completes Exercise Malabar 2012] . U.S. 7th Fleet. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314183830/http://www.c7f.navy.mil/news/2012/04-april/022.htm|date=14 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="tdt">{{cite web|last=Keck|first=Zachary|date=10 April 2012|title=India's Navy Good U.S. Option|url=https://thediplomat.com/flashpoints-blog/2012/04/10/indias-navy-good-u-s-option/|url-access=limited|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720003557/https://thediplomat.com/flashpoints-blog/2012/04/10/indias-navy-good-u-s-option/|archive-date=20 July 2012|access-date=2 August 2012|publisher=The Diplomat}}</ref> |Communications exercises, surface action group (SAG) operations, helicopter cross-deck evolutions, and gunnery exercises. The participants split into two SAGs, with Bunker Hill leading one and Satpura leading the other.<ref name="usn" /> |<ref name=":2" /> |- |16 |2013 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} |India's east coast |{{USS|McCampbell|DDG 85|6}} {{INS|Shivalik|F47|6}}, {{INS|Ranvijay|D55|6}}<ref name=":17">{{cite web|others=Indian Navy Press Release|title=Indo - US Naval Exercise 'MALABAR 2013' Commences in Bay of Bengal|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/press-release/indo-us-naval-exercise-malabar-2013-commences|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428191549/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/press-release/indo-us-naval-exercise-malabar-2013-commences|archive-date=6 June 2014|access-date=28 April 2019|website=www.indiannavy.nic.in}}</ref> |'At-Sea' phase included professional exchanges and embarkations; communications exercises; Surface Action Group operations; leapfrogs; helicopter cross-deck evolutions; gunnery exercises; VBSS and ASW. |<ref name=":2" /> |- |17 |2014 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} {{Flagicon|Japan}} |Japan |[[INS Ranvijay (D55)|INS Ranvijay]], [[INS Shivalik]], {{INS|Shakti|A57|6}}US Navy Carrier Strike group based on [[USS George Washington (CVN-73)|USS ''George Washington'']], one submarine, two destroyers, one tanker<ref name="in14">{{cite web|title=Malabar 2014: A Multilateral Naval exercise starts|url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/press-release/malabar-2014-multilateral-naval-exercise-starts|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714044752/http://indiannavy.nic.in/press-release/malabar-2014-multilateral-naval-exercise-starts|archive-date=14 July 2015|access-date=26 July 2014|publisher=Indian Navy Press Release}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Brewster|first=David|date=29 July 2014|title=Malabar 2014: a good beginning|url=http://www.gatewayhouse.in/india-japan-malabar-2014-a-good-beginning/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811180816/http://www.gatewayhouse.in/india-japan-malabar-2014-a-good-beginning/|archive-date=11 August 2014|access-date=29 July 2014|work=Gateway House: Indian Council on Global Relations}}</ref> |Carrier strike group operations, [[maritime patrol]] and [[reconnaissance]] operations, [[Piracy|anti piracy]] and VBSS exercises, [[search and rescue]] exercises, [[Cross-deck (naval terminology)|helicopter cross-deck landings]], [[underway replenishment]], [[Naval artillery|gunnery]] and ASW exercises, and [[liaison officer]] exchange and embarkation.<ref name="in14" /> |<ref name=":2" /> |} {{clear}} == 2015–2019 == [[File:Ships from the Indian Navy, Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force and the U.S. Navy sail in formation in the Bay of Bengal during exercise Malabar 2017.jpg|thumb|Ships of the [[United States]], [[India]] and [[Japan]] in the [[Bay of Bengal]] during exercise Malabar 2017.]] [[File:Malabar 2019 ships (48836791626).jpg|thumb|American, Indian, and Japanese ships participating in Malabar 2019.]] [[File:An Indian navy MIG-29K Fulcrum aircraft flies over USS Nimitz during Exercise Malabar 2017. (35174458953).jpg|thumb|An Indian Navy [[Mikoyan MiG-29K|MIG-29K]] Fulcrum aircraft flies over [[USS Nimitz]].]]On 26 January 2015, the [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] and [[Indian Prime Minister]] agreed, in a joint statement, to upgrade exercise Malabar.<ref>{{cite web|date=30 September 2014|others=Office of the Press Secretary|title=U.S India Joint Statement|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/30/us-india-joint-statement|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121024455/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/30/us-india-joint-statement|archive-date=21 January 2017|access-date=26 January 2015|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|via=[[NARA|National Archives]]}}</ref> [[India]] invited [[Japan]] to be a part of exercise, held in the Bay of Bengal.<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/content/506687/malabar-15-naval-exercise-begins.html Malabar-15 naval exercise begins.] ''[[Deccan Herald]]''. 15 October 2015. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016131122/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/506687/malabar-15-naval-exercise-begins.html|date=16 October 2015}}</ref> Japan joined as a permanent member.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kaushik|first=Krishn|date=2021-08-31|title=Explained: The Malabar Exercise of Quad nations, and why it matters to India|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/malabar-exercise-of-quad-nations-why-it-matters-to-india-7472058/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-14|website=The Indian Express}}</ref> In 2015, the United States brought up the fact that India was doing its "bare minimum" with regard the participation in the exercise.<ref name=":9" /> However, seeming to understand India's limitation, the United States has also responded accordingly.<ref name=":2" /> For India, one of the reasons for converting Malabar into a multilateral exercise has been "resource optimisation".<ref name=":2" /> As the number of maritime bilateral exercises over the years has been increasing, the Navy's resources are heavily strained. Further, the returns from the international exercises seem to be levelling out.<ref name=":2" /> Inviting China to "socialise" during the Malabar exercises has been suggested.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Panda|first=Ankit|date=10 July 2017|title=India-Japan-US Malabar 2017 Naval Exercises Kick Off With Anti-Submarine Warfare in Focus|language=en-US|work=The Diplomat|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/07/india-japan-us-malabar-2017-naval-exercises-kick-off-with-anti-submarine-warfare-in-focus/|url-status=live|url-access=limited|access-date=2017-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713003216/https://thediplomat.com/2017/07/india-japan-us-malabar-2017-naval-exercises-kick-off-with-anti-submarine-warfare-in-focus|archive-date=13 July 2017}}</ref> The 2018 Malabar exercise was conducted from 7 to 16 June 2018 off the coast of [[Guam]] in the [[Philippine Sea]]. This was the 22nd edition of the exercise and the first time it was held on United States territory. The exercise is divided into two phases. The harbor phase was held from 7 to 10 June at [[Naval Base Guam]], and the sea phase from 11 to 16 June.<ref name=":11">{{cite web|last1=Gady|first1=Franz-Stefan|date=5 June 2018|title=India, US, and Japan to Hold 'Malabar' Naval War Games This Week|url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/06/india-us-and-japan-to-hold-malabar-naval-war-games-this-week/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613220800/https://thediplomat.com/2018/06/india-us-and-japan-to-hold-malabar-naval-war-games-this-week/|archive-date=13 June 2018|access-date=5 June 2018|website=The Diplomat}}</ref> Based on news reports, India refused Australia participation in the exercise to avoid posturing it as a military group against China.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sundaramurthy|first=Asha|date=8 May 2018|title=India Keeps Australia Out of the Malabar Exercise -- Again|language=en-US|work=The Diplomat|url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/05/india-keeps-australia-out-of-the-malabar-exercise-again/|url-status=live|url-access=limited|access-date=2018-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140156/https://thediplomat.com/2018/05/india-keeps-australia-out-of-the-malabar-exercise-again/|archive-date=12 June 2018}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Edition !Year !Participants !Exercise Area !Vessels{{Efn|name=fn1}} !Exercises !Ref |- |18 |2015 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} {{Flagicon|Japan}} |Bay of Bengal |{{INS|Sindhuraj|S57|6}}, {{INS|Ranvijay|D55|6}}, {{INS|Shivalik}}, {{INS|Betwa|F39|6}}, {{INS|Shakti|A57|6}}{{USS|Theodore Roosevelt|CVN-71|6}}, {{USS|Normandy|CG-60|6}}, {{USS|Fort Worth|LCS-3|6}}, {{USS|City of Corpus Christi|SSN-705|6}} {{JS|Fuyuzuki}}<ref>{{cite web|authors=Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class (MCS2) Danica M. Sirmans|date=17 October 2015|title=Trilateral Air Defense Exercise Launches Malabar 2015|url=http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=91587|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018181856/http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=91587|archive-date=18 October 2015|access-date=19 October 2015|work=U.S. Navy}}</ref> | |<ref name=":3">{{cite web|title=Exercise Malabar - 2016 {{!}} Indian Navy|url=https://indiannavy.nic.in/content/exercise-malabar-2016|access-date=2020-11-05|website=indiannavy.nic.in}}</ref> |- |19 |2016 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} {{Flagicon|Japan}} |Philippine Sea |{{USS|John C. Stennis|CVN 74|6}} with embarked Carrier Air Wing 9, {{USS|Mobile Bay|CG 53|6}}, {{USS|John C. Stennis |CVN 74|6}}, {{USS|Stockdale|DDG 106|6}}, {{USS|William P. Lawrence|DDG-110|6}}, {{USS|Chung-Hoon|DDG 93|6}} {{INS|Satpura|F48|6}}, {{INS|Sahyadri|F49|6}}, {{INS|Shakti|A57|6}} {{JS|Hyūga|DDH-181|6}} <ref name=":16">{{cite web|last=Purohit|first=Jugal R.|date=14 June 2016|title=Malabar 2016: All you need to know about US, Indian and Japanese joint naval exercise that begins today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/malabar-2016-us-india-japan-philippine-sea-14006-2016-06-14|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-15|website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|authors=MC2 Ryan J. Batchelder|date=16 July 2016|title=Three nations set sail for exercise Malabar 2016|url=http://www.public.navy.mil/surfor/cg53/Pages/Three-nations-set-sail-for-exercise-Malabar-2016.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116151925/http://www.public.navy.mil/surfor/cg53/Pages/Three-nations-set-sail-for-exercise-Malabar-2016.aspx|archive-date=16 January 2017|access-date=2017-01-13|website=www.public.navy.mil}}</ref> |Submarine familiarization (SUBFAM); [[High-value target|high-value unit]] exercises; medical drills and other exercises and maneuvers.<ref name=":16" /> |<ref name=":3" /> |- |20 |2017 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} {{Flagicon|Japan}} |Bay of Bengal |A total of 16 ships, 2 submarines and 95 aircraft participated in this exercise.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Exercise Malabar commences in Bay of Bengal/ North Indian Ocean|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/exercise-malabar-commences-bay-bengal-north-indian-ocean|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711084912/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/exercise-malabar-commences-bay-bengal-north-indian-ocean|archive-date=11 July 2017|access-date=2017-07-12|website=www.indiannavy.nic.in|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-07-11|title=Malabar 2017: India-Japan-U.S. joint exercise kicks off|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/malabar-2017-india-japan-us-joint-exercise-kicks-off/article19256919.ece|access-date=2021-10-14|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>{{INS|Vikramaditya|R33|6}}, {{INS|Ranvir|D54|6}}, {{INS|Shivalik|F47|6}}, {{INS|Sahyadri|F49|6}}, {{INS|Kamorta|P28|6}}, {{INS|Kora|P61|6}}, {{INS|Kirpan|P44|6}}, [[Sindhughosh-class submarine|''Sindhughosh''-class submarine]], {{INS|Jyoti|A58|6}}<ref name=":0" /> {{USS|Nimitz|CVN-68|6}}, {{USS|Princeton|CG-59|6}}, {{USS|Howard|DDG-83|6}}, {{USS|Shoup|DDG-86|6}} and {{USS|Kidd|DDG-100|6}}, a [[Los Angeles-class submarine|''Los Angeles''-class]] submarine<ref name=":0" /> {{JS|Izumo|DDH-183|6}} and its air wing, {{JS|Sazanami|DD-113|6}}<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web|date=15 June 2017|others=U.S. Mission India|title=Indian, Japanese and U.S. maritime forces to participate in Malabar 2017|url=https://in.usembassy.gov/indian-japanese-u-s-maritime-forces-participate-malabar-2017/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709121738/https://in.usembassy.gov/indian-japanese-u-s-maritime-forces-participate-malabar-2017/|archive-date=9 July 2017|access-date=10 July 2017|website=U.S. Embassy & Consulates in India}}</ref> |Aircraft carrier operations, air defense, ASW, surface warfare, VBSS, search and rescue (SAR), joint and tactical procedures. Joint training between the naval special forces. |<ref name=":8" /> |- |21 |2018 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} {{Flagicon|Japan}} |Philippine Sea |{{INS|Sahyadri|F49|6}}, {{INS|Kamorta|P28|6}}, {{INS|Shakti|A57|6}}<ref name=":1">{{cite web|date=4 June 2018|others=Ministry of Defence|title=Eastern Fleet Ships Underway to Guam, USA for Exercise Malabar 2018|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179746|url-status=live|access-date=5 June 2018|website=Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref>{{USS|Ronald Reagan|CVN-76|6}}. {{USS|Antietam|CG-54|6}} {{USS|Chancellorsville|CG-62|6}}, {{USS|Benfold|DDG-65|6}}, {{USS|Mustin|DDG-89|6}}, a [[Los Angeles-class submarine|''Los Angeles''-class]] submarine<ref name=":1" /> {{JS|Ise|DDH-182|6}}, {{JS|Sazanami|DD-113|6}}, {{JS|Fuyuzuki}}, a submarine<ref name=":1" /> |Onshore and at-sea training, aircraft carrier operations, maritime patrol and reconnaissance operations, visit, board, search and seizure operations and professional exchanges<ref name=":11" /> |<ref name=":8" /> |- |22 |2019 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} {{Flagicon|Japan}} |Japan |{{INS|Sahyadri|F49|6}}, {{INS|Kiltan|P30|6}} {{USS|McCampbell|DDG 85|6}} {{JS|Kaga|DDH-184|6}}, {{JS|Samidare|DD-106|6}}, {{JS|Chōkai|DDG-176|6}}<ref name="2019IN" /> | |<ref name=":8" /> |} == 2020–present == [[File:Australian MH 60R Takeoff from USS John S. McCain, Bay of Bengal, 03 Nov 2020.jpg|thumb|Australian [[Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk|MH 60R]] takeoff from [[USS John S. McCain]], Malabar 2020.]] [[File:INS Khanderi steams in formation while participating in Malabar 2020.jpg|thumb|[[INS Khanderi (2017)|INS Khanderi (S51)]] steams in formation while participating in Malabar 2020 in the north Arabian Sea.]] [[File:He Indian navy Kiev-class aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya (R 33) steams in formation while participating in Malabar 2020.jpg|thumb|[[INS Vikramaditya|INS Vikramaditya (R 33)]] steams in formation while participating in Malabar 2020 in the north Arabian Sea.]] Malabar 2020 was a "non-contact, at sea only" exercise taking into consideration [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=2020-10-31|title=Malabar 2020: the coming together of the Quad in the seas|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/malabar-2020-the-coming-together-of-the-quad-in-the-seas/article32992805.ece|url-access=limited|access-date=2020-11-02|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Malabar-20 Phase 1 : 03 To 06 November 2020|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/malabar-20-phase-1-03-06-november-2020|access-date=2020-11-07|website=Indian Navy}}</ref> It was decided that [[Australia]] shall also be a part of the Malabar Naval exercise, in view to support a [[Free and Open Indo-Pacific|free, open and rule based Indo Pacific]].<ref>{{cite web|date=19 October 2020|others=Ministry of Defence|title=Malabar 2020 Naval Exercise|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1665830|url-status=live|access-date=19 October 2020|website=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|publisher=|ref=1665830}}</ref> This is the first time that all four navies of the Quad will be in a joint exercise in 13 years.<ref>{{cite web|last=Roche|first=Elizabeth|date=2020-11-03|title=Navies of India, Australia, Japan, US start first phase of Malabar exercises|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/navies-of-india-australia-japan-us-start-first-phase-of-malabar-exercises-11604412809894.html|access-date=2020-11-04|website=mint|language=en}}</ref> US Deputy Secretary of State [[Stephen E. Biegun|Stephen E Biegun]], on 20 October 2020, said that Quad should be "more regularised", and at some point "formalised" with the passage of time.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|others=The Indian Express|date=21 October 2020|title=Malabar exercise: US wants Quad to be 'more regularised', China 'notices' it|work=The Indian Hawk|url=https://www.theindianhawk.com/2020/10/quad-malabar-exercise-us-wants-quad-to-be-more-regularised-china-notices.html|access-date=21 October 2020}}</ref> It was reported in the ''[[Sunday Telegraph]]'' on 7 March 2021 that [[France]] planned to join the four other nations in 2021, and had planned its annual [[Jeanne d'Arc naval exercise]] around this event.<ref name="nsst">{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Nicola|date=7 March 2021|title=France sends navy mission to South China Sea as tensions build in Beijing's back yard|publisher=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/03/07/france-sends-navy-mission-south-china-sea-tensions-build-beijings/|url-access=registration|access-date=14 October 2021}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Edition !Year !Participants !Exercise Area !Vessels !Exercises !Ref |- |23 |2020 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} {{Flagicon|Japan}} {{Flagicon|Australia}} |(1) Bay of Bengal (2) Arabian Sea |{{USS|John S. McCain|DDG-56|6}}, {{INS|Shakti|A57|6}}, {{INS|Ranvijay|D55|6}}, {{INS|Shivalik|F47|6}}, {{INS|Sindhuraj|S57|6}}, {{HMAS|Ballarat|FFH 155|6}}, {{JS|Ōnami|DD-111|6}}.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 November 2020|others=Task Force 70 Public Affairs|title=India Hosts Japan, Australia, U.S. in Naval Exercise MALABAR 2020|url=https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/2402780/india-hosts-japan-australia-us-in-naval-exercise-malabar-2020/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=United States Navy|language=en-US}}</ref> Two [[carrier battle group]]s— {{INS|Vikramaditya|R33|3=2}} and {{USS|Nimitz|CVN-68|2}}.<ref>{{cite web|date=17 November 2020|title=Phase 2 of Exercise Malabar 2020 in Western Indian Ocean|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/node/27125|access-date=2020-11-21|website=Indian Navy}}</ref> |Phase II included tactical training night operations, [[underway replenishment]], and gunnery exercises.<ref>{{cite web|date=17 November 2020|others=U.S. Seventh Fleet|title=Nimitz Strike Group Participates in Malabar with Australia, India and Japan|url=https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/Press-Releases/display-pressreleases/Article/2417181/nimitz-strike-group-participates-in-malabar-with-australia-india-and-japan/|url-status=live|access-date=2020-11-21|website=United States Navy|language=en-US}}</ref> |<ref name=":4" /> |- |24 |2021 |{{Flagicon|India}} {{Flagicon|USA}} {{Flagicon|Japan}} {{Flagicon|Australia}} |(1) Philippine Sea (2) Bay of Bengal |{{USS|Barry|DDG-52|6}}, [[Task Force 72 (United States Navy)|Task Force 72]] aircraft, {{USNS|Rappahannock|T-AO-204|6}}, {{INS|Shivalik|F47|6}}, {{INS|Kadmatt|P29|6}}, {{JS|Kaga|DDH-184|6}}, {{JS|Murasame|DD-101|6}}, {{JS|Shiranui|DD-120|6}}, {{HMAS|Warramunga|FFH 152|6}}<ref>{{cite web|date=27 August 2021|title=First phase of annual maritime exercise Malabar 2021 commences|url=https://www.naval-technology.com/news/maritime-exercise-malabar-2021-commences/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-15|website=Naval Technology}}</ref> {{INS|Ranvijay|D55|6}}, {{INS|Satpura|F48|6}}, {{USS|Carl Vinson|CVN-70|6}}, {{USS|Lake Champlain|CG-57|6}}, {{USS|Stockdale|DDG-106|6}}, {{HMAS|Ballarat|FFH 155|6}}, {{HMAS|Sirius|O 266|6}}, {{JS|Kaga|DDH-184|6}}, {{JS|Murasame|DD-101|6}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Second phase of Exercise Malabar 2021 set to commence|url=https://www.naval-technology.com/news/exercise-malabar-2021-second-phase/|access-date=2021-10-15|website=www.naval-technology.com|language=en-GB}}</ref> | |<ref>{{cite web|date=11 October 2021|title=Second phase of Exercise Malabar 2021 set to commence|url=https://www.naval-technology.com/news/exercise-malabar-2021-second-phase/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-13|website=Naval Technology}}</ref> |} {{Clear}} ==See also== {{commons category|Malabar (naval exercise)}} ; Geostrategy * [[AirSea Battle]] *[[Interoperability]] * [[Blue Team (U.S. politics)]] * [[China containment policy]] * [[India–United States relations]] * [[:Category:Territorial disputes of China|List of disputed territories of China]] * [[Quadrilateral Security Dialogue]] * [[String of Pearls (Indian Ocean)]] * [[Territorial disputes in the South China Sea]] * [[Balikatan|US-Philippines Balikatan Exercise]] ; International relations * [[China–India relations|India-China relations]] *[[China-United States relations]] * [[India-Australia relations]] * [[India-Japan relations]] * [[India–United States relations]] == Notes == {{Notelist}} {{clear}} ==References== {{reflist|30em}} [[Category:Military exercises involving the United States]] [[Category:Indian naval exercises]] [[Category:Indian military exercises]] [[Category:India–United States military relations]] [[Category:India–Japan military relations]] [[Category:Japan–United States military relations]]'