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'{{refimprove|date=January 2013}} {{confuse|Charles the Bald}} {{Infobox royalty | name = Charles the Bold (SOOOO CHARLES) | succession = [[Duke of Burgundy]]<!-- Only the most important title should be given in the infobox. Other titles are listed in the succession boxes at the bottom of the page. --> | image = Charles the Bold 1460.jpg | caption = [[Rogier van der Weyden]] painted Charles the Bold as a young man in about 1460, wearing the [[Order of the Golden Fleece]] | reign = 15 June 1467&nbsp;– 5 January 1477 | predecessor = [[Philip the Good]] | successor = [[Mary of Burgundy|Mary]] | spouse = [[Catherine of Valois, Countess of Charolais|Catherine of France]]<br/> [[Isabella of Bourbon]]<br/> [[Margaret of York]] | issue = [[Mary of Burgundy|Mary, Duchess of Burgundy]] | house = [[House of Valois-Burgundy]] | father = [[Philip the Good]] | mother = [[Isabella of Portugal (1397–1471)|Isabella of Portugal]] | birth_date = {{Birth date|1433|11|10|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Dijon]], [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1477|1|5|1433|11|21|df=y}} | death_place = [[Nancy, France|Nancy]], [[Duchy of Lorraine|Lorraine]] | place of burial = }} '''Charles the Bold''' (or '''Charles the Rash''') ({{lang-fr|Charles le Téméraire or Charles le Hardi}}, {{lang-nl|Karel de Stoute}})<ref>''Charles le Téméraire'' is more accurately translated in English as "the Rash", but the English speaking world generally refers to Charles as "the Bold". The history of Charles' epithets is complex: ''le Hardi'' (the Bold) may be Burgundian propaganda: far from being a nineteenth-century historians' appellation, he was already labelled ''Temerarius'' by the French in 1477. [http://www.boydell.co.uk/pdfs/dukescbold.pdf]{{dead link|date=April 2012}}</ref> (10 November 1433&nbsp;– 5 January 1477), baptised '''Charles Martin''', was [[Duke of Burgundy]] from 1467 to 1477. Known as ''Charles the Terrible'' to his enemies,<ref>The title was derived from his savage behaviour against his enemies, and particularly from a war with France in late 1471: frustrated by the refusal of the French to engage in open battle, and angered by French attacks on his unprotected borders in Hainault and Flanders, Charles marched his army back from the Ile-de-France to Burgundian territory, burning more than 2000&nbsp;towns, villages and castles on his way—Taylor, Aline S, ''Isabel of Burgundy'', pp. 212–213</ref> he was the last [[House of Valois|Valois]] Duke of [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]] and his early death was a pivotal, if under-recognised, moment in European history. After his death, his domains began an inevitable slide towards division between [[Kingdom of France|France]] and the [[Habsburg]]s (who through marriage to his heiress [[Mary of Burgundy|Mary]] became his heirs). Neither side was satisfied with the results and the disintegration of the Burgundian state was a factor in most major wars in Western Europe for more than two centuries. ==Biography== ===Early life=== Charles the Bold was born in [[Dijon]], the son of [[Philip the Good]] and [[Isabella of Portugal (1397–1471)|Isabella of Portugal]]. In his father's lifetime (1433–1467) he bore the title of [[Count of Charolais]]; afterwards, he assumed all of his father's titles, including that of "Grand Duke of the West". He was also made a [[Knight of the Golden Fleece]] just twenty days after his birth, being invested by [[Charles I, Count of Nevers]] and the seigneur de [[Croÿ]]. He was brought up under the direction of Jean d'[[Auxi-le-Château|Auxy]],<ref>Steven J. Gunn and A. Janse, ''The Court As a Stage: England And the Low Countries in the Later Middle Ages'', (Boydell Press, 2006), 121.</ref> and early showed great application to study and also to warlike exercises. His father's court was the most extravagant in Europe at the time, and a centre for arts and commerce. While he was growing up, Charles witnessed his father's efforts to unite his increasing dominions in a single state, and his own later efforts centered on continuing and securing his father's successes. In 1440, at the age of seven, Charles was married to Catherine, daughter of [[Charles VII of France|Charles VII, the King of France]], and sister of the [[Dauphin of France|Dauphin]] (afterwards [[Louis XI of France|Louis XI]]). She was five years older than her husband, and she died in 1446 at the age of 18. They had no children. [[File:Van der weyden miniature.jpg|thumb|left|Charles as a boy stands next to his father, Philip the Good. [[Rogier van der Weyden]]'s frontispiece to the ''Chroniques de Hainaut'', c. 1447–8 ([[Royal Library of Belgium]])]] In 1454, at the age of 21, having been a widower for eight years ( from the age of 13 to 21 ), Charles married a second time. He wanted to marry a daughter of his distant cousin, the [[Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York|Duke of York]] (sister of Kings [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]] and [[Richard III of England]]), but under the [[Congress of Arras|Treaty of Arras (1435)]], he was required to marry only a French princess. His father chose [[Isabella of Bourbon]] for him: she was the daughter of Philip the Good's sister, and a very distant cousin of Charles VII of France. Their daughter, [[Mary of Burgundy|Mary]], was Charles' only surviving child, and became heiress to all of the Burgundian domains. Isabella died in 1465. Charles was on familiar terms with his brother-in-law, the [[Dauphin of France|Dauphin]], when the latter was a refugee at the Court of [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]] from 1456 until Louis succeeded his father as King of France in 1461. But Louis began to pursue some of the same policies as his father; Charles viewed with chagrin Louis's later repurchase of the towns on the [[Somme River|Somme]], which Louis's father had ceded in 1435 to Charles's father in the [[Treaty of Arras (1435)|Treaty of Arras]]. When his own father's failing health enabled him to take into his hands the reins of government (which Philip relinquished to him completely by an act of 12 April 1465), he entered upon his [[Burgundian Wars|lifelong struggle]] against Louis XI, and became one of the principal leaders of the [[League of the Public Weal]]. For his third wife, Charles was offered the hand of Louis XI's daughter, [[Anne of France|Anne]]; however, the wife he ultimately chose was [[Margaret of York]] (who was his second cousin, they both being descended from [[John of Gaunt]]). With his father gone, and being no longer bound by the Treaty of Arras, Charles decided to ally himself with Burgundy's old ally England. Louis did his best to prevent or delay the marriage (even sending French ships to waylay Margaret as she sailed to Sluys), but in the summer of 1468 it was celebrated sumptuously at [[Bruges]], and Charles was made a [[Knight of the Garter]]. The couple had no children, but Margaret devoted herself to her stepdaughter Mary; and after Mary's death many years later, she kept Mary's two infant children as long as she was allowed. Margaret survived her husband, and was the only one of his wives to be Duchess of Burgundy, the first two wives having died before his accession and thus being known as Countesses of Charolais. [[File:Coat of Arms of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy.svg|thumb|right|Coat of arms of Charles the Bold]] ===Early battles=== On 12 April 1465, Philip relinquished government to Charles, who spent the next summer prosecuting the [[War of the Public Weal]] against Louis XI. Charles was left master of the field at the [[Battle of Montlhéry]] (13 July 1465), where he was wounded, but this neither prevented the King from re-entering [[Paris, France|Paris]] nor assured Charles a decisive victory. He succeeded, however, in forcing upon Louis the [[Treaty of Conflans]] (4 October 1465), by which the King restored to him the towns on the [[Somme]], the counties of [[Boulogne-sur-Mer|Boulogne]] and [[Guînes]], and various other small territories. During the negotiations for the Treaty, his wife Isabella died suddenly at Les Quesnoy on 25 September, making a political marriage suddenly possible. As part of the treaty Louis promised him the hand of his infant daughter Anne, with [[Champagne (province)|Champagne]] and [[Ponthieu]] as [[dowry]], but no marriage took place. In the meanwhile, Charles obtained the surrender of [[Ponthieu]]. The [[Liège Wars|Revolt of Liège]] against his father and his brother in law, [[Louis de Bourbon, Bishop of Liège|Louis of Bourbon]], the [[Prince-Bishop of Liège]], and a desire to punish the town of [[Dinant]], intervened to divert his attention from the affairs of France. During the previous summer's wars, Dinant had celebrated a false rumour that Charles had been defeated at Montlhéry by burning him in [[effigy]], and chanting that he was the bastard of Duchess Isabel and John of Heinsburg, the previous Bishop of Liege (d.1455). On 25 August 1466, Charles marched into Dinant, determined to avenge this slur on the honour of his mother, and sacked the city, killing every man, woman and child within; perhaps not surprisingly, he also successfully negotiated at the same time with the [[Bishopric of Liège]]. After the death of his father, Philip the Good (15 June 1467), the Bishopric of Liège renewed hostilities, but Charles defeated them at the [[Battle of Brustem]], and made a victorious entry into Liège, whose walls he dismantled and deprived the city of some of its privileges. ===Treaty of Péronne=== [[File:Karte Haus Burgund 4 EN.png|thumb|Territories of the house of Valois-Burgundy during the reign of Charles the Bold.]] {{main|Treaty of Péronne (1468)}} Alarmed by these early successes of the new Duke of Burgundy, and anxious to settle various questions relating to the execution of the treaty of Conflans, Louis requested a meeting with Charles and daringly placed himself in his hands at [[Péronne, Somme|Péronne]]. In the course of the negotiations the Duke was informed of a fresh revolt of the [[Bishopric of Liège]] secretly fomented by Louis. After deliberating for four days how to deal with his adversary, who had thus maladroitly placed himself at his mercy, Charles decided to respect the parole he had given and to negotiate with Louis (October 1468), at the same time forcing him to assist in [[Liège Wars|quelling the revolt]]. The town of Liège was carried by assault and the inhabitants were massacred, Louis not intervening on behalf of his former allies. At the expiry of the one year's truce which followed the [[Treaty of Péronne (1468)|Treaty of Péronne]], the King accused Charles of [[treason]], cited him to appear before the [[parlement]], and seized some of the towns on the Somme (1471). The Duke retaliated by invading France with a large army, taking possession of [[Nesle]] and massacring its inhabitants. He failed, however, in an attack on [[Beauvais]], and had to content himself with ravaging the country as far as [[Rouen]], eventually retiring without having attained any useful result. ===Domestic policies=== Other matters, moreover, engaged his attention. Relinquishing, if not the stately magnificence, at least some of the extravagance which had characterized the court of Burgundy under his father, he had bent all his efforts towards the development of his military and political power. Since the beginning of his reign he had employed himself in reorganizing his army and the administration of his territories. While retaining the principles of feudal recruiting, he had endeavoured to establish a system of rigid discipline among his troops, which he had strengthened by taking into his pay foreign mercenaries, particularly [[Englishmen]] and [[Italians]], and by developing his [[artillery]]. ===Building a kingdom=== Furthermore, he lost no opportunity to extend his power. In 1469, [[Sigismund, Archduke of Austria|Archduke Sigismund of Austria]] sold him the County of [[Ferrette]], the Landgraviate of [[Alsace]], and some other towns, reserving to himself the right to repurchase. In 1472–1473, Charles bought the reversion of the Duchy of [[Guelders]] (i.e. the right to succeed to it) from its duke, [[Arnold, Duke of Gelderland|Arnold]], whom he had supported against the rebellion of his son. Not content with being "the Grand Duke of the West," he conceived the project of forming a kingdom of Burgundy or Arles with himself as independent [[sovereignty|sovereign]], and even persuaded [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III]] to assent to crown him king at [[Trier]]. The ceremony, however, did not take place owing to the Emperor's precipitate flight by night (September 1473), occasioned by his displeasure at the Duke's attitude. At the close of 1473, his duchy of Burgundy was anchored in France and extended to the edges of the [[Burgundian Netherlands|Netherlands]]. Charles the Bold was now one of the wealthiest and most powerful nobles in Europe. His fortunes and landholdings rivaled those of many of the royal families.<ref>Great Events from History,''The Renaissance & Early Modern Era'', Vol. 1 (1454–1600), article author-Clare Callaghan, ISBN 1-58765-214-5</ref> ===Downfall=== In the following year Charles involved himself in a series of difficulties and struggles which ultimately brought about his downfall. He embroiled himself successively with the Archduke Sigismund of Austria, to whom he refused to restore his possessions in Alsace for the stipulated sum; with the [[Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy#The Burgundy Wars|Swiss]], who supported the free towns of Upper Rhine in their [[Burgundian Wars#The conflict|revolt]] against the tyranny of the ducal governor, [[Peter von Hagenbach]] (who was condemned by a special international tribunal and executed on 9 May 1474); and finally, with [[René II, Duke of Lorraine]], with whom he disputed the succession of [[Duchy of Lorraine|Lorraine]], the possession of which had united the two principal portions of Charles's territories&mdash; the [[County of Flanders]], the [[Low Countries]], the [[Duchy of Burgundy]] and the [[County of Burgundy]]<!--two different locations-->. All these enemies, incited and supported as they were by Louis, were not long in joining forces against their common adversary. [[File:Peter Paul Rubens 144.jpg|left|thumb|Charles the Bold, a much later portrait by [[Peter Paul Rubens]].]] Charles suffered a first rebuff in endeavouring to protect his kinsman, [[Ruprecht of the Palatinate (Archbishop of Cologne)|Ruprecht of the Palatinate]], [[Archbishop of Cologne]], against his rebel subjects. He spent ten months (July 1474 – June 1475) besieging the little town of [[Neuss]] on the [[Rhine]] (the [[Siege of Neuss]]), but was compelled by the approach of a powerful imperial army to raise the siege. Moreover, the expedition he had persuaded his brother-in-law, the King of England, to undertake against Louis was stopped by the [[Treaty of Picquigny]] (29 August 1475). He was more successful in Lorraine, where he seized [[Nancy, France|Nancy]] (30 November 1475). [[File:Eugene Burnand - Die Flucht Karls des Kühnen.jpg|right|thumb|Charles' flight after the battle of Grandson, as imagined by [[Eugène Burnand]]]] From Nancy he marched against the Swiss, hanging or drowning, in spite of their capitulation, the garrison of [[Grandson, Switzerland|Grandson]], a possession of the Savoyard [[Jacques of Savoy, Count of Romont|Jacques de Romont]], a close ally of Charles, which the Confederates had invested shortly before. Some days later, on 2 March 1476, he was attacked before the village of [[Concise]] by the confederate army in the [[Battle of Grandson]] and suffered a shameful defeat, being compelled to flee with a handful of attendants, and leaving his artillery and an immense booty (including his silver bath) in the hands of the allies. He succeeded in raising a fresh army of 30,000 men, with which he attacked [[Battle of Morat|Morat]], but he was again defeated by the Swiss army, assisted by the cavalry of the Duke of Lorraine (22 June 1476). On this occasion, and unlike the debacle at Grandson, little booty was lost, but Charles certainly lost about one third of his entire army, the unfortunate losers being pushed into the nearby lake where they were drowned or shot at while trying to swim to safety on the opposite shore. On 6 October Charles lost Nancy, which René re-entered. [[File:MULO-Charles the Bold corpse.jpg|thumb|Depiction of finding his body after the [[Battle of Nancy]], by [[Auguste Feyen-Perrin]] (1826–1888), [[Musée Lorrain]].]] ===Death at Nancy=== Making a last effort, Charles formed a new army and arrived in the dead of winter before the walls of Nancy. Having lost many of his troops through the severe cold, it was with only a few thousand men that he met the joint forces of the Lorrainers and the Swiss, who had come to the relief of the town, at the [[Battle of Nancy]] (5 January 1477). He himself perished in the fight, his naked and disfigured body being discovered some days afterward frozen into the nearby river. Charles' head had been cleft in two by a halberd, lances were lodged in his stomach and loins, and his face had been so badly mutilated by wild animals that only his physician was able to identify him by his long fingernails and the old battle scars on his body. Charles' battered body was initially buried in the ducal church in Nancy, by [[René II, Duke of Lorraine]].<ref>E. William Monter, ''A Bewitched Duchy: Lorraine and Its Dukes, 1477-1736'', (Librairie Droz S.A., 2007), 22.</ref><ref>''Commemoration of Battles and Warriors'', Philip Morgan, '''The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology''', Vol. 1, (Oxford University Press, 2010), 413.</ref> Later in 1550, his great-grandson, [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Holy Roman Emperor Charles V]], ordered it to be moved to the [[Church of Our Lady (Bruges)|Church of Our Lady]] in Bruges, next to that of his daughter Mary.<ref>A. C. Duke, ''Dissident Identities in the Early Modern Low Countries'', Ed. Judith Pollman and Andrew Spicer, (Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2009), 29(note88).</ref> In 1562, Emperor Charles V's son and heir, King [[Philip II of Spain]], erected a splendid mausoleum in early renaissance style over his tomb, still extant.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.onthaalkerk-brugge.be/onze-lieve-vrouw-kerk-brugge_kerk.asp?cat=%8Cuvres+d%92art+dans+le+mus%E9e&rubriekId=1164&taal=fr |title=Oeuvre of the Art in the Museum |language = French |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate= }}</ref> Excavations in 1979 positively identified the remains of Mary, in a lead coffin, but those of Charles were never found.<ref>The Rough Guide to Belgium and Luxembourg, by Martin Dunford and Phil Lee, December 2002, p. 181, ISBN 978-1-85828-871-0</ref> [[File:Catherine of France, Isabella of Bourbon & Margaret of York.JPG|thumb|The wives of Charles the Bold.]] ===Legacy=== Charles left his unmarried nineteen year-old daughter, [[Mary of Burgundy|Mary]], as his heir; clearly her marriage would have enormous implications for the political balance of Europe. Both Louis and the Emperor had unmarried eldest sons; Charles had made some movements towards arranging a marriage between the Emperor's son, Maximilian, before his own death. Louis unwisely concentrated on seizing militarily the border territories, in particular the Duchy of Burgundy (a French fief). This naturally made negotiations for a marriage difficult. He later admitted to his councillor [[Philippe de Commynes]] that this was his greatest mistake. In the meantime the Habsburg Emperor moved faster and more purposefully and secured the match for his son, the future [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]], with the aid of Mary's stepmother, Margaret. In view of Charles' irrational behaviour in the last year or so of his life, it has even been suggested that he became mentally unstable. ==Ancestors== {{House of Valois (Burgundy)}} {| class="wikitable" |+''' Charles the Bold's ancestors in three generations''' |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="8"| '''Charles the Bold''' | rowspan="4"| '''Father:'''<br />[[Philip the Good]] | rowspan="2"| '''Paternal Grandfather:'''<br />[[John the Fearless]] || '''Paternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[Philip the Bold]] |- | style="text-align:center;"| '''Paternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />[[Margaret III, Countess of Flanders]] |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2"| '''Paternal Grandmother:'''<br />[[Margaret of Bavaria]] || '''Paternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[Albert I, Duke of Bavaria]] |- | style="text-align:center;"| '''Paternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />[[Margaret of Brieg]] |- | rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"| '''Mother:'''<br />[[Infanta Isabel, Duchess of Burgundy|Isabella of Portugal]] | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| '''Maternal Grandfather:'''<br />[[John I of Portugal]] | style="text-align:center;"| '''Maternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[Peter I of Portugal]] |- | style="text-align:center;"| '''Maternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />[[Teresa Lourenço|Teresa Gille Lourenço]] |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2"| '''Maternal Grandmother:'''<br />[[Philippa of Lancaster]] || '''Maternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster]] |- | style="text-align:center;"| '''Maternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />[[Blanche of Lancaster]] |} ==Titles== * [[File:Blason Charolais.svg|40px]] 1433 – 5 January 1477: [[Charolais (county)|Count of Charolais]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Blason fr Bourgogne.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Duke of Burgundy]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Armoiries Brabant.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Dukes of Brabant|Duke of Brabant]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Limburg New Arms.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Dukes of Limburg|Duke of Limburg]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Austria coat of arms simple.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Dukes of Lothier|Duke of Lothier]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Arms of Luxembourg.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Counts, Dukes and Grand Dukes of Luxembourg|Duke of Luxemburg]] as '''Charles II''' * [[File:Namur Arms.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Marquis of Namur|Margrave of Namur]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Blason comte fr Nevers.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[List of counts of Burgundy|Count Palatine of Burgundy]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Artois Arms.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Counts of Artois|Count of Artois]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Blason Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Counts of Flanders|Count of Flanders]] as '''Charles II''' * [[File:Hainaut Modern Arms.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Counts of Hainaut|Count of Hainault]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Counts of Holland Arms.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Count of Holland]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:coatofarmszeeland.PNG|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Count of Zeeland]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Guelders-Jülich Arms.svg|40px]] 23 February 1473 – 5 January 1477: [[Dukes of Guelders|Duke of Guelders]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Graafschap zutphen.svg|40px]] 23 February 1473 – 5 January 1477: [[Count of Zutphen]] as '''Charles I''' ==See also== {{Portal|Kingdom of France}} * [[Burgundian Netherlands]] * [[Burgundian Wars]] * [[Duchy of Burgundy]] * [[Dukes of Burgundy family tree]] * [[Jacques of Savoy, Count of Romont]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Sources== {{Refbegin}} * {{1911|wstitle=Burgundy}} * {{Catholic|wstitle=Burgundy}} <!--* {{Belf|Charles le Téméraire}}--> * {{cite book |first=Aline S. |last=Taylor |title=Isabel of Burgundy}} {{Refend}} ==Further reading== *{{Citation |first=Richard |last=Vaughan |title=Charles the Bold: The Last Valois Duke of Burgundy |location=London |publisher=Longman Group |year=1973 |isbn=0-582-50251-9 }}. {{Commons category|Charles the Bold}} {{S-start}} {{S-hou|[[House of Valois-Burgundy]]|10 November|1433|5 January|1477|[[Capetian dynasty]]}} {{S-bef|rows=2|before=[[Philip the Good]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Duke of Burgundy]], [[Dukes of Brabant|Brabant]],<br>[[Dukes of Limburg|Limburg]], [[Dukes of Lothier|Lothier]] and [[Counts, Dukes and Grand Dukes of Luxembourg|Luxemburg]];<br>[[Marquis of Namur|Margrave of Namur]];<br/> [[Counts of Artois|Count of Artois]], [[Counts of Flanders|Flanders]], <br/> [[Counts of Hainaut|Hainaut]], [[Count of Holland|Holland]] and [[Count of Zeeland|Zeeland]];<br>[[List of counts of Burgundy|Count Palatine of Burgundy]]|years=15 July 1467 – 5 January 1477}} {{S-aft|rows=3|after=[[Mary of Burgundy|Mary]]}} {{s-break}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Charolais (county)|Count of Charolais]]|years=August 1433 – 5 January 1477}} {{s-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[Arnold, Duke of Gelderland|Arnold]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Dukes of Guelders|Duke of Guelders]]<br>[[Count of Zutphen]]|years=23 February 1473 – 5 January 1477}} {{S-end}} {{Monarchs of Luxembourg}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2011}} {{Authority control|VIAF=84075206}} {{Persondata | NAME = Charles the Bold | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Charles the Rash; Charles le Téméraire | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH = 10 November 1433 | PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Dijon]], [[Burgundy (region)|Burgundy]] | DATE OF DEATH = 5 January 1477 | PLACE OF DEATH = [[Nancy, France|Nancy]], [[Duchy of Lorraine|Lorraine]] }} [[Category:1433 births]] [[Category:1477 deaths]] [[Category:People from Dijon]] [[Category:House of Valois-Burgundy]] [[Category:Dukes of Burgundy]] [[Category:Dukes of Brabant]] [[Category:Dukes of Lothier]] [[Category:Dukes of Guelders]] [[Category:Dukes of Limburg]] [[Category:Dukes of Luxembourg]] [[Category:Counts of Flanders]] [[Category:Counts of Artois]] [[Category:Counts of Burgundy]] [[Category:Counts of Hainaut]] [[Category:Counts of Holland]] [[Category:Counts of Zeeland]] [[Category:Counts of Charolais]] [[Category:Margraves of Namur]] [[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece|Charles]] [[Category:Military personnel killed in action]] [[Category:Grand Masters of the Order of the Golden Fleece|Charles]] [[Category:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter|Charles]] [[Category:People of the Liège Wars]]'