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[ 0 => '{|{{Infobox ship begin}}', 1 => '{{Infobox ship image', 2 => '|Ship image=', 3 => '|Ship caption=', 4 => '}}', 5 => '{{Infobox ship career', 6 => '|Ship country= [[Soviet Union]]', 7 => '|Ship flag= {{shipboxflag|Soviet Union|naval}}', 8 => '|Ship name= ''Tuapse''', 9 => '|Ship namesake=', 10 => '|Ship ordered=', 11 => '|Ship builder=', 12 => '|Ship registry= [[Odessa]], {{flag|Soviet Union}}', 13 => '|Ship laid down= ', 14 => '|Ship launched= ', 15 => '|Ship completed= ', 16 => '|Ship commissioned=', 17 => '|Ship decommissioned= ', 18 => '|Ship in service=', 19 => '|Ship out of service=', 20 => '|Ship struck= ', 21 => '|Ship fate= Captured by the [[Republic of China Navy]], June 23, 1954', 22 => '|Ship notes=', 23 => '}}', 24 => '{{Infobox ship career', 25 => '|Hide header=title', 26 => '|Ship country= [[Republic of China]]', 27 => '|Ship flag= {{shipboxflag|Republic of China|naval}}', 28 => '|Ship name= ROCS ''Kuaiji 306'' (會稽)', 29 => '|Ship acquired= June 23, 1954', 30 => '|Ship commissioned= October 20, 1955', 31 => '|Ship decommissioned= October 1, 1965', 32 => '|Ship in service=', 33 => '|Ship out of service=', 34 => '|Ship struck=', 35 => '|Ship fate= [[ship breaking|Scrapped]], 1970', 36 => '|Ship status=', 37 => '|Ship notes=', 38 => '}}', 39 => '{{Infobox ship characteristics', 40 => '|Hide header=', 41 => '|Header caption=', 42 => '|Ship class= [[Oil tanker]]', 43 => '|Ship displacement= {{convert|18000|t|LT|0|abbr=on}}', 44 => '', 45 => '|Ship length= {{convert|489|ft|m|abbr=on}} ', 46 => '|Ship beam= {{convert|62.9|ft|m|abbr=on}} ', 47 => '|Ship draft= {{convert|27.4|ft|m|abbr=on}} ', 48 => '|Ship propulsion= {{convert|5,500|shp|abbr=on}}', 49 => '|Ship speed= {{convert|14.5|kn|mph km/h|lk=in}}', 50 => '|Ship range= {{convert|7|kn|mph km/h|lk=in}}', 51 => '|Ship complement=49', 52 => '|Ship sensors=', 53 => '|Ship EW=', 54 => '|Ship armament= None', 55 => '|Ship notes=', 56 => '}}', 57 => '|}', 58 => '', 59 => 'The '''Capture of Tanker Tuapse''' is the indicent of a civilian vessel of [[Soviet Union]] being captured and confisticated by the [[Republic of China Navy]] on the [[International waters|high sea]], whereas the sailors were detained for several decades before being allowed to return home.', 60 => '', 61 => '== Background ==', 62 => 'On June 16, 1949 during the [[Chinese_Communist_Revolution#Chinese_Civil_War,_1945–1949|Chinese Civil War]], The [[Government of the Republic of China]] (ROC) announced the so-called [[Guanbi_policy|Closed Port Policy]] to establish an actual [[naval blockade]] on the [[territorial waters]] along the Chinese coast.<ref>{{cite thesis|url=http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/49868/4/15300104.pdf |chapter=Chapter 1|title=《封鎖大陸沿海──中華民國政府的「關閉政策」，1949-1960》 |author=林宏一| date=2009 |degree=碩士}}</ref> ', 63 => '', 64 => 'On October 4, 1953, ROCS Destroyer [[Japanese_destroyer_Yukikaze_(1939)#ROCS_Tan_Yang|Tan Yang DD-12]] (acquireded from the former [[Japanese Imperial Navy]] [[Japanese destroyer Yukikaze (1939)|Yukikaze]] after [[World War II|WWII]]) captured a Polish civilian oil tanker '''Praca''' at 21°27'N 122°43'E in the West Pacific Ocean, 125 [[Nautical mile|sea miles]] southeast of Taiwan. 29 Polish sailors and 17 Chinese sailors were transferred to the military detention center in [[Zuoying District|Zuoying]]', 65 => '', 66 => 'At 14:20, May 12, 1954, another Polish civilian cargo ship '''Prezydent Gottwald''' was bombarded at 20°30'E, 128°07'N, East of [[Batanes]] Islands and south of [[Okinawa Island]], then was bombarded again at 15:20 to be captured at 24°36'N 121°51'E. 33 Polish sailors and 12 Chinese sailors were first detained in [[Port of Keelung|Keelung]], then transferred to Zuoying together.<ref>{{Cite thesis | url=http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/49868/7/15300107.pdf| chapter=Chapter 4，1953-1960 | title=《封鎖大陸沿海──中華民國政府的「關閉政策」，1949-1960》|author=林宏一|date=2009 |degree=碩士}}</ref>', 67 => '', 68 => 'All 62 Polish sailors were released through Polish and United States diplomatic intervention, while 29 Chinese sailors were imprisoned in the [[Green Island White Terror Memorial Park|Green Island, Taiwan|]] till 11 being rescued by the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]], 3 being executed, 1 died in prison, eventually the remaing 5 being released back to China after the [[Martial_law_in_Taiwan#Lifting_of_martial_law|Martial Law lifted]] in 1987, and 9 stayed in Taiwan afterwards.<ref>{{Cite web|title=攔截中波公司輪船|url=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E9%A2%A8%E8%99%9F%E9%A9%85%E9%80%90%E8%89%A6#%E6%94%94%E6%88%AA%E4%B8%AD%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E8%BC%AA%E8%88%B9|author=|date=2013-04-09|publisher=[[Chinese Wikipedia]]|language=zh-tw}}</ref>', 69 => '', 70 => '== Capture ==', 71 => 'In Summer 1954, the civilian tanker with 49 Russian crew carrying over ten thousand tons of aviation kerosene from the [[Tuapse]] port to [[shanghai]] passed the international seaway of [[Bashi Channel]] eastbound toward the west [[Pacific Ocean]]. It was intercepted at 19°35′N 120°39′E near the coast of [[Philippines]] by the ROC fleet lead by the Commander of ROC Navy, Admiral Ma Ji-zhuang in charge on board, who had received the instruction of [[President_of_the_Republic_of_China#History|President]] [[Chiang Kai-shek]] with approval to attack to sink the Russian tank if encountering resistence. 3 shells of [[12.7 cm/50 Type 3 naval gun|127 mm naval]] [[Dual-purpose gun|DP gun]] were fired near the bow to halt Tuapse, then an armed team boarded to took over the crew by force. The crew were detained in [[Port of Kaohsiung]] and divided into 3 groups for interrogation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Захват танкера «Туапсе»|url=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B5%C2%BB|author=|date=2009-12-08|publisher=[[Russian Wikipedia]]|language=zh-tw}}</ref>', 72 => ' ', 73 => 'Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of USSR, V.A. Zorin, summoned the Ambassador of USA, Charles Bowley in [[Moscow]] on June 24 to deliver the strong protestation memorendum, so the ROC Government admitted the opeartion on June 15. The US Ambassador [[Karl L. Rankin]] in [[Taipei]] officially urged the release of ship and crew on July 9, but ROC government attempted to acquire the sailors statements demanding [[asylum] to forge the propaganda image of [[Anti-Communist Hero|anti-Communist Heros]] for the Psychological warfare effect in the [[Cold War]]. On September 8, the crew were informed the order of [[Chief of the General Staff]], General Peng Meng-ji (彭孟緝上將) declaring that the tanker and cargo have been confiscated, and The crew shall be considered [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]]. A sailor N. Voronov tried to escape, but was captured and placed in a psychiatric facility with imitated execution. 20 Soviet sailors under pressure signed an application for political asylum to the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Russian-Taiwanese relations: Current state, problems, and prospects of development|url=https://www.amazon.com/Russian-Taiwanese-relations-development-Occasional-contemporary/dp/0925153451|author=P. M. Ivanov|date=1996-01-01|publisher=School of Law, University of Maryland}}</ref>', 74 => '', 75 => 'Tanker "Tuapse" was re-named as "ROCS Kuaiji 306" (會稽) to be included in the ROC Navy service on October 20, 1955. Taiwan Navigation Co., Ltd. tried to obtain this ship in 1960, but was was rejected by the Navy subsequently. She was retired on October 1, 1965 and lied permanently in the Kaohsiung Port.', 76 => '', 77 => '==Aftermath==', 78 => 'The Soviet Government demanded the French Government to mediate the fate of the Tuapse crew. Another request was also made through the [[Swedish Red Cross]]. As a result of joint efforts, 29 crew members who did not signed the asylum application were released, including Captain V. A. Kalinin. They arrived in Moscow by plane on July 30, 1955.', 79 => '', 80 => 'Sailor N. I. Vaganov, V. A. Lukashkov, V. M. Ryabenko, A. P. Shirin, M. I. Shishin, V. Tatarnikov, M. Ivankov-Nikolov, V. Eremenko and V. Solovyov left for the United States in October 1955; but in April 1956, N. I. Vaganov, V. A. Lukashkov, V. M. Ryabenko, A. P. Shirin and M. I. Shishin appeared at the [[Embassy of Russia in Washington, D.C.|Soviet Embassy]] and returned to the USSR. N. Vaganov was arrested in 1963 and sentenced by the [[Gorky]] Regional Court to 10 years in prison for treason. He served 7 years and was pardoned in 1970. In August 1992, the presidium of the [[Nizhny Novgorod]] Regional Court recognized Vaganov as reasonably convicted, he was [[Political rehabilitation|rehabilitated]] by the decision of the [[Supreme Court of Russia|Supreme Court of the Russian Federation]]. V. P. Eremenko and V. S. Tatarnikov joined the [[United States Army|US Army]]. V. Solovyov settled in [[New York]]. In 1959, the Odessa Regional Court sentenced [[Trial in absentia|in absentia]] those sailors who never returned USSR - V. Tatarnikov, M. Ivankov-Nikolov, V. Eremenko and V. Solovyov - to death for treason. M. Ivankov-Nikolov after appearing in anti-Soviet speeches in the United States, was thrown out on the street and became mentally ill. He was handed over to the Soviet embassy to return USSR in 1959, and placed in a psychiatric hospital, where he spent over 20 years.<ref>{{Cite we |author=Турченко Сергей |title=РОКОВОЙ РЕЙС ТАНКЕРА "ТУАПСЕ"|url=https://www.trud.ru/article/22-03-2001/21477_rokovoj_rejs_tankera_tuapse.html |publisher=TRUD|date=2001-03-22}}</ref>', 81 => '', 82 => 'Sailor L. F. Anfilov, V. I. Benkovich, V. P. Gvozdik and N. V. Zibrov left Taiwan for Brazil, in 1957; then appeared at the Soviet consulate in Uruguay to return USSR. However they were arrested after a press conference and sentenced to 15 years in prison for treason. Later, they were reduced to 12 years, and further released with a pardon in 1963. They were rehabilitated in 1990.', 83 => '', 84 => 'V. I. Kniga, V. V. Lopatyuk and V. A. Sablin were sentenced to 10 years in prison by the trial in absentia of the ROC [[Court-martial]] as per the [[Martial law in Taiwan|Martial Law]]. They spent 7 years in prison before being placed under guarded [[house arrest]] in the [[Yilan County, Taiwan|Yilan]] suburb. In 1970, Soviet journalist [[Victor Louis (journalist)|Victor Louis]] held several meeetings with the Ministor of ROC [[Government Information Office]], [[James Wei]] in [[Vienna]] to achieve the agreement of releasing all the remaining crew members in ROC military custody,<ref>{{Cite book |author=Yu Ke-jie|title=The Secret Contact Between Taiwan and the Soviet Union during the Cold War|url=https://www.shuku.net:8082/novels/zhuanji/wltcegyhkcs/011.html |newspaper=《Wang Ping Dossier》|publisher=Shuku Net|date=2000}}</ref> but this agreement was never realized until the Taiwan democratic reform with the [[Martial_law_in_Taiwan#Lifting_of_martial_law|Martial Law lifted]] in 1987. In 1988 they were finally allowed to leave with the assistance of the Soviet consul in Singapore to go home after over 3 decades.<ref>{{Cite we |author=Андрей СЛЮСАРЕНКО |title=Swimming for half a life|url=https://odessa-life.od.ua/article/264-plavanie-dlinoyu-v-polzhizni |publisher=Odessa Life|date=2009-11-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite we |author=П. Иванушкина |title=Long way out of the Taiwanese pit. The wife was waiting for him from captivity for 39 years|url=https://www.peoples.ru/state/citizen/vsevolod_lopatuyk/ |publisher=Peoples|date=2016-06-16}}</ref> ', 85 => '', 86 => 'M. Dimov committed suicide during custody; A. V. Kovalev and M. M. Kalmazan died in Taiwan.', 87 => '', 88 => '== Legacy ==', 89 => 'The story of Tuapse was produced in the film "Ч. П. — Чрезвычайное происшествие" ([[E.A. — Extraordinary Accident]]) in 1958, directed by [[Viktor Ivchenko]], and became the leading film distribution with 47 million viewer in USSR in 1959.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Vitali Kalinin, Grigoriy Koltunov, [[Dmitri Kuznetsov]] |title=Ch. P. - Chrezvychainoe proisshestvie|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0051470/|publisher=[[IMDb]]|date=1958}}</ref>', 90 => '', 91 => '== References ==', 92 => '{{Reflist}}' ]