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'{{Distinguish|Charles the Bald}} {{Infobox royalty | name = Charles the Bold | succession = [[Duke of Burgundy]]<!-- Only the most important title should be given in the infobox. Other titles are listed in the succession boxes at the bottom of the page. --> | image = Charles the Bold 1460.jpg | caption = [[Rogier van der Weyden]] painted Charles the Bold as a young man in about 1460, wearing the collar of the [[Order of the Golden Fleece]] | reign = 15 June 1467&nbsp;– 5 January 1477 | predecessor = [[Philip the Good]] | successor = [[Mary of Burgundy|Mary]] | spouse = [[Catherine of Valois, Countess of Charolais|Catherine of France]]<br/> [[Isabella of Bourbon]]<br/> [[Margaret of York]] | issue = [[Mary of Burgundy|Mary, Duchess of Burgundy]] | house = [[House of Valois-Burgundy|Valois-Burgundy]] | father = [[Philip the Good]] | mother = [[Isabella of Portugal (1397–1471)|Isabella of Portugal]] | birth_date = {{Birth date|1433|11|10|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Dijon]], [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1477|1|5|1433|11|21|df=y}} | death_place = [[Nancy, France|Nancy]], [[Duchy of Lorraine|Lorraine]] | place of burial = }} [[File:Karel de Stoute dubbel vuurijzer Brugge 1475.jpg|thumb|260px|Double [[Briquet (coin)|Briquet]], struck under Charles the Bold in [[Bruges]], 1475]] '''Charles the Bold''' (also translated as '''Charles the Reckless''') <ref>{{cite book|last1=Baker|first1=Ernest|title=Cassall's New French Dictionary|publisher=Funk & Wagnalls Company|page=362|edition=5th}}</ref>. ({{lang-fr|Charles le Téméraire}}, {{lang-nl|Karel de Stoute}}, 10 November 1433&nbsp;– 5 January 1477), baptised '''Charles Martin''', was [[Duke of Burgundy]] from 1467 to 1477. He was the last Duke of [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]] from the [[House of Valois]]. His early death at the [[Battle of Nancy]] at the hands of [[Swiss mercenaries]] fighting for [[René II, Duke of Lorraine]], was of great consequence in European history. The Burgundian domains, long wedged between the growing powers of [[Kingdom of France|France]] and the [[Habsburg]] Empire, were divided, but the precise disposition of the vast and disparate territorial possessions involved was disputed among the European powers for centuries. ==Biography== ===Early life=== Charles the Bold was born in [[Dijon]], the son of [[Philip the Good]] and [[Isabella of Portugal (1397–1471)|Isabella of Portugal]]. Before the death of his father in 1467, he bore the title of [[Count of Charolais]]; afterwards, he assumed all of his father's titles, including that of "Grand Duke of the West". He was also made a [[Knight of the Golden Fleece]] just twenty days after his birth, invested by [[Charles I, Count of Nevers]], and the seigneur de [[Croÿ]]. Charles was brought up under the direction of Jean d'Auxy<ref>Steven J. Gunn and A. Janse, ''The Court As a Stage: England And the Low Countries in the Later Middle Ages'', (Boydell Press, 2006), 121.</ref> and early showed great application alike to academic studies and warlike exercises. His father's court was the most extravagant in Europe at the time, and a centre for the arts and commerce. While he was growing up, Charles witnessed his father's efforts to unite his far-flung and ethnically diverse dominions into a single state, and his own later efforts centered on continuing and securing his father's successes in this endeavor. In 1440, at the age of seven, Charles was married to Catherine, daughter of King [[Charles VII of France]] and sister of the [[Dauphin of France|Dauphin]] (later King [[Louis XI of France|Louis XI]]). She was five years older than her husband, and she died in 1446 at the age of 18. They had no children. [[File:Van der weyden miniature.jpg|thumb|left|Charles as a boy stands next to his father, Philip the Good. [[Rogier van der Weyden]]'s frontispiece to the ''Chroniques de Hainaut'', c. 1447–8 ([[Royal Library of Belgium]])]] In 1454, at the age of 21, Charles married a second time. He wanted to marry a daughter of his distant cousin [[Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York]] (a sister of Kings [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]] and [[Richard III of England]]), but under terms of the [[Congress of Arras|Treaty of Arras]] of 1435, he was required to marry a French princess. His father chose [[Isabella of Bourbon]], who was three years younger than he was. Isabella was the daughter of Philip the Good's sister [[Agnes of Burgundy, Duchess of Bourbon|Agnes]] and a very distant cousin of Charles VII of France. Isabella died in 1465. Their daughter [[Mary of Burgundy]] was Charles' only surviving child; she inherited all the Burgundian domains before her marriage to [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian of Habsburg]], the son of [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III]]. Charles was on friendly terms with his brother-in-law Louis, the Dauphin of France, who had been a refugee at the court of Burgundy from 1456 until he succeeded his father as king of France in 1461. But Louis began to pursue some of the same policies as his father, for example Louis's later repurchase of the towns on the [[Somme River]] that Louis's father had ceded in 1435 to Charles's father in the Treaty of Arras, which Charles viewed with chagrin. When his father's failing health enabled him to assume the reins of government (which Philip relinquished to him by an act of 12 April 1465), he initiated a policy of hostility toward Louis XI that led to the [[Burgundian Wars]], and he became one of the principal leaders of the [[League of the Public Weal]], an alliance of west European nobles opposed to policies of Louis XI that sought to centralize the royal authority within France. For his third wife, Charles was offered the hand of Louis XI's daughter [[Anne of France|Anne]]. The wife he ultimately chose, however, was his second cousin [[Margaret of York]] (who was also a great-grandchild of [[John of Gaunt]]). Upon the death of his father in 1467, Charles was no longer bound by the terms of the Treaty of Arras, and he decided to ally himself with Burgundy's old ally England. Louis did his best to prevent or delay the marriage with Margaret (he even sent French ships to waylay her as she sailed to Sluys), but in the summer of 1468, it was celebrated sumptuously at [[Bruges]], and Charles was made a [[Knight of the Garter]]. The couple had no children, but Margaret devoted herself to her stepdaughter Mary. After Mary's death many years later, she kept Mary's two infant children as long as she was allowed. ===Early battles=== On 12 April 1465, Philip relinquished control of the government of his domains to Charles, who spent the next summer prosecuting the [[War of the Public Weal]] against Louis XI. Charles was left master of the field at the [[Battle of Montlhéry]] on 13 July 1465,<ref>Richard Vaughan, ''Charles the Bold'', (Boydell Press, 2002), 251.</ref> but this neither prevented the king from re-entering [[Paris, France|Paris]] nor did it assure Charles of a decisive victory. He succeeded, however, in forcing upon Louis the [[Treaty of Conflans]] of 4 October 1465, by which the king restored to him certain towns on the [[Somme (river)|Somme River]], the counties of [[Boulogne-sur-Mer|Boulogne]] and [[Guînes]], and various other small territories. During the negotiations for the treaty, his wife Isabella died suddenly at Les Quesnoy on 25 September, making a political marriage suddenly possible. As part of the treaty, Louis promised him the hand of his infant daughter [[Anne of France|Anne]], with the territories of [[Champagne (province)|Champagne]] and [[Ponthieu]] as a [[dowry]], but no marriage ever took place. In the meanwhile, Charles obtained the surrender of [[Ponthieu]]. Charles' concentration on the affairs of France was diverted by the [[Liège Wars|Revolt of Liège]] against his father and the bishop of Liège ([[Louis de Bourbon, Bishop of Liège|Louis of Bourbon]]) and a desire to punish the town of [[Dinant]] in the province of [[Namur (province)|Namur]]. During the wars of the summer of 1465, Dinant celebrated a false rumour that Charles had been defeated at Montlhéry by burning him in [[effigy]] and chanting that he was the bastard child of his mother Isabella of Portugal and John of Heinsburg, the previous Bishop of Liège (d. 1455). On 25 August 1466, Charles marched into Dinant, determined to avenge this slur on the honour of his mother, and sacked the city, killing every man, woman and child within. After the death of Charles' father Philip the Good in 1467, the Bishopric of Liège renewed hostilities, but was defeated by Charles at the [[Battle of Brustem]]. Charles made a victorious entry into Liège, dismantled its walls and stripped the city of some of its privileges. ===Treaty of Péronne=== [[File:Karte Haus Burgund 4 EN.png|thumb|Territories of the house of Valois-Burgundy during the reign of Charles the Bold.]] {{main article|Treaty of Péronne (1468)}} [[File:Emanuel van Meteren Historie ppn 051504510 MG 8647 Carolus Audax.tif|thumb|Engraving of Charles the Bold]] Alarmed by the early successes of the new Duke of Burgundy and anxious to settle various questions relating to the execution of the Treaty of Conflans, Louis XI requested a meeting with Charles and daringly placed himself in his hands in the town of [[Péronne, Somme|Péronne]] in [[Picardy]] in October 1468. In the course of the negotiations, the duke was informed of a fresh revolt of the [[Bishopric of Liège]] secretly fomented by Louis as part of the [[Liège Wars]]. After deliberating for four days on the best way to deal with his adversary, who had foolishly placed himself at his mercy, Charles decided to respect the promise he had given to guarantee Louis's safety and to negotiate with him. At the same time, he forced Louis to assist him in quelling the revolt in Liège. The town was captured and many inhabitants were massacred. Louis chose not to intervene on behalf of his former allies. At the expiry of the one year's truce that followed the [[Treaty of Péronne (1468)|Treaty of Péronne]], the French king accused Charles of [[treason]], cited him to appear before the [[parlement]], and seized some of the towns on the Somme in 1471. The duke retaliated by invading France with a large army; he took possession of [[Nesle]] and massacred its inhabitants. He failed, however, in an attack on [[Beauvais]] and had to content himself with laying waste to the countryside as far as [[Rouen]]. He eventually withdrew without attaining any useful result. ===Domestic policies=== Charles pursued domestic policies that assisted the growth of his military establishment. To this end, he relinquished at least some of the extravagance that had characterized the court of Burgundy under his father, if not the magnificence of ceremonial events. Since the beginning of his reign, he employed himself in reorganizing his army and the administration of his territories. While retaining the principles of [[Feudalism|feudal recruiting]], he endeavored to establish a system of rigid discipline among his troops that was strengthened by the employment of foreign mercenaries, particularly [[Englishmen]] and [[Italians]], and the augmentation of his [[artillery]]. The economic power that Charles inherited from Philip would lead to an independent judicial system, a sophisticated administration, and the establishment of local estates.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Colin|title=The Cambridge Illustrated History of France|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-43294-4|page=124|edition=1st}}</ref> ===Building a kingdom=== Charles constantly sought to expand the territories under his control. In 1469, [[Sigismund, Archduke of Austria|Archduke Sigismund of Austria]] sold him the County of [[Ferrette]], the Landgraviate of [[Alsace]], and some other towns, reserving to himself the right to repurchase. In 1472–1473, Charles bought the [[Reversion (law)|reversion]] of the Duchy of [[Guelders]] (i.e. the right to succeed to it) from its duke [[Arnold, Duke of Gelderland|Arnold]], whom he had supported against the rebellion of his son. Not content with being "the Grand Duke of the West," he conceived the project of forming a kingdom of Burgundy or Arles with himself as independent [[sovereignty|sovereign]] and even persuaded the [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]] to assent to crown him a king at [[Trier]]. The ceremony, however, did not take place owing to the emperor's precipitate flight by night in September 1473, which was occasioned by his displeasure at the duke's ambitions. At the close of 1473, the duchy of Burgundy was anchored in France and extended to the edges of the [[Burgundian Netherlands|Netherlands]]. This made Charles the Bold one of the wealthiest and most powerful nobles in Europe. Indeed, his landholdings and revenue base rivalled those of many of the royal families.<ref>Great Events from History,''The Renaissance & Early Modern Era'', Vol. 1 (1454–1600), article author-Clare Callaghan, {{ISBN|1-58765-214-5}}</ref> ===Downfall=== {{unreferenced section|date=January 2016}} [[File:Peter Paul Rubens 144.jpg|upr .uk j. ight|thumb|Charles the Bold by [[Peter Paul Rubens]] (c. 1618).]] [[File:Eugene Burnand - Die Flucht Karls des Kühnen.jpg|right|thumb|Charles' flight after the battle of Grandson, by [[Eugène Burnand]] (1894).]] [[File:MULO-Charles the Bold corpse.jpg|thumb| The corpse of Charles the Bold discovered after the Battle of Nancy, by [[Auguste Feyen-Perrin]] (1862).]] In the year 1474, Charles began to involve himself in the series of political struggles that would ultimately bring about his downfall. He first came into conflict with the [[Sigismund, Archduke of Austria|Archduke Sigismund of Austria]], to whom he refused to restore his possessions in Alsace for the stipulated sum. Then, he quarreled with the [[Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy#The Burgundy Wars|Swiss]], who supported the free towns in the Upper Rhine in their [[Burgundian Wars#The conflict|revolt]] against the tyranny of the ducal governor [[Peter von Hagenbach]] (who was condemned by a special international tribunal and executed on 9 May 1474). Finally, he antagonized [[René II, Duke of Lorraine]], with whom he disputed the succession in the [[Duchy of Lorraine]], which bordered many of his territories. All of these enemies readily joined forces against their common adversary Charles. Charles suffered a first rebuff in endeavouring to protect his kinsman [[Ruprecht of the Palatinate (Archbishop of Cologne)|Ruprecht of the Palatinate]], [[Archbishop of Cologne]], against his rebel subjects. He spent ten months (July 1474 – June 1475) besieging the little town of [[Neuss]] on the [[Rhine]] (the [[Siege of Neuss]]), but was compelled by the approach of a powerful imperial army to raise the siege. Moreover, the expedition he had persuaded his brother-in-law Edward IV of England to undertake against Louis XI was stopped by the [[Treaty of Picquigny]] of 29 August 1475. He was more successful in Lorraine, where he seized [[Nancy, France|Nancy]] on 30 November 1475. From Nancy he marched against the Swiss. He saw fit to hang or drown the garrison of [[Grandson, Switzerland|Grandson]] in spite of its capitulation. Grandson was a possession of [[Jacques of Savoy, Count of Romont]], a close ally of Charles, that had been captured recently by the forces of the [[Old Swiss Confederacy|Swiss Confederacy]]. Some days later, on 2 March 1476, Charles was attacked outside the village of [[Concise]] by the confederate army in the [[Battle of Grandson]] and suffered a shameful defeat; he was compelled to flee with a handful of attendants and abandon his artillery along with an immense booty (including his silver bath). Charles succeeded in raising a fresh army of 30,000 men that he used to fight the [[Battle of Morat|Morat]] on 22 June 1476. He was again defeated by the Swiss army, which was assisted by the cavalry of the Duke of Lorraine. On this occasion, unlike the debacle at Grandson, little booty was lost, but Charles did lose about one third of his entire army. The defeated soldiers were pushed into the nearby lake, where they were drowned or shot at while trying to swim to safety on the opposite shore. On 6 October, Charles lost Nancy, which the Duke of Lorraine was able to recover. ===Death at Nancy=== Making a last effort, Charles formed a new army and arrived in the dead of winter before the walls of Nancy. Having lost many of his troops through the severe cold, it was with only a few thousand men that he met the joint forces of the Lorrainers and the Swiss, who had come to the relief of the town, at the [[Battle of Nancy]] (5 January 1477). He himself perished in the fight, his naked and disfigured body being discovered some days afterward frozen into the nearby river. Charles' head had been cleft in two by a [[halberd]], lances were lodged in his stomach and loins, and his face had been so badly mutilated by wild animals that only his physician was able to identify him by his long fingernails and the old battle scars on his body. Charles' battered body was initially buried in the ducal church in Nancy, by [[René II, Duke of Lorraine]].<ref>E. William Monter, ''A Bewitched Duchy: Lorraine and Its Dukes, 1477-1736'', (Librairie Droz S.A., 2007), 22.</ref><ref>''Commemoration of Battles and Warriors'', Philip Morgan, '''The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology''', Vol. 1, (Oxford University Press, 2010), 413.</ref> Later in 1550, his great-grandson, [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Holy Roman Emperor Charles V]], ordered it to be moved to the [[Church of Our Lady (Bruges)|Church of Our Lady]] in Bruges, next to that of his daughter Mary.<ref>A. C. Duke, ''Dissident Identities in the Early Modern Low Countries'', Ed. Judith Pollman and Andrew Spicer, (Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2009), 29 (note 88).</ref> In 1562, Emperor Charles V's son and heir, King [[Philip II of Spain]], erected a mausoleum in early renaissance style over his tomb, still extant.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onthaalkerk-brugge.be/onze-lieve-vrouw-kerk-brugge_kerk.asp?cat=%8Cuvres+d%92art+dans+le+mus%E9e&rubriekId=1164&taal=fr|title=Oeuvre of the Art in the Museum|language=French|date=|work=|publisher=|accessdate=}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Excavations in 1979 positively identified the remains of Mary, in a lead coffin, but those of Charles were never found.<ref>The Rough Guide to Belgium and Luxembourg, by Martin Dunford and Phil Lee, December 2002, p. 181, {{ISBN|978-1-85828-871-0}}</ref> [[File:Catherine of France, Isabella of Bourbon & Margaret of York.JPG|thumb|The wives of Charles the Bold.]] ==Marriage and family== Charles married three times: 1. On 19 May 1440, he married Catherine of France (1428–1446), daughter of [[Charles VII of France]] and [[Marie of Anjou]].<ref name="Troyes106">Chrétien de Troyes, ''Les Manuscrits de Chrétien de Troyes'', Vol. 2, edited by Keith Busby, Terry Nixon, Alison Stones, and Lori Walters, (Rodopi, 1993), 106.</ref> At the time of the marriage, she was 12 and he 6. She died at 18. 2. On 30 October 1454, he married Isabelle of Bourbon (1437–1465), daughter of Charles I of Bourbon.<ref name="Troyes106" /> He would have preferred to marry [[Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter|Anne of York]] (the daughter of [[Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York|Richard, Duke of York]]), but his father insisted that he fulfill the conditions of the Treaty of Arras, which committed him to marry a French princess. The marriage was a happy one and produced his only offspring, [[Mary of Burgundy]] 13 February 1457.<ref name="Troyes106" /> 3. On 3 July 1468, Charles married Anne's sister, [[Margaret of York]] (1446–1503);<ref name="Troyes106" /> her siblings also included [[Edward IV of England]], [[George, Duke of Clarence]], and [[Richard III of England]]. The marriage was solemnized at [[Damme]], near [[Bruges]], by the bishop of Salisbury. The Burgundian possessions passed into the Habsburg empire on the marriage of his one child and heiress Mary to [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]]. ==Byname== Burgundian chroniclers described the personality of the duke as austere, virtuous but without pity, pious and chaste, and with an exacerbated sense of honour. His contemporaries named him ''le Hardi'' or ''der Kühne'' ("the Bold") or ''le Guerrier'' ("the Warrior") or ''le Terrible'' ("the Terrible"),<ref>a title derived from his savage behaviour against his enemies, and particularly from a war with France in late 1471. Frustrated by the refusal of the French to engage in open battle, and angered by French attacks on his unprotected borders in Hainault and Flanders, Charles marched his army back from the Ile-de-France to Burgundian territory, burning more than 2000&nbsp;towns, villages and castles on his way—Taylor, Aline S, ''Isabel of Burgundy'', pp. 212–213</ref> among others, and the epithet that would become his byname in history, ''le Téméraire'' ("the Reckless"), is already found in Thomas Basin, bishop of Lisieux, who wrote around 1484. These bynames, however, in the 15th century were used as qualifications of his character, but not yet in any systematic fashion, the duke being simply known as ''Charles de Bourgogne''.<ref>Anne Le Cam, ''Charles le Téméraire, un homme et son rêve'', éditions In Fine, 1992, pp. 11, 87.</ref> The process of the epithet ''le Téméraire'' acquiring the nature of a byname was gradual. In the 17th century, the ''Grand Dictionnaire Historique'' of Louis Moreri mentions ''Charles de Bourgogne, surnommé le Guerrier, le Hardi ou le Téméraire''. In the 18th century, Dom Plancher still mentions him as ''Charles le Hardi''. In the 19th century, the byname of ''le Téméraire'' became standard in France and Belgium. ==Legacy== [[File:Map France 1477-en.svg|thumb|Map of France in 1477; the Burgundian territories are shown in orange]] Charles left his unmarried nineteen-year-old daughter, [[Mary of Burgundy|Mary]], as his heir; clearly her marriage would have enormous implications for the political balance of Europe. Both Louis and the Emperor had unmarried eldest sons; Charles had made some movements towards arranging a marriage between Mary and the Emperor's son, [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian]], before his own death. Louis unwisely concentrated on seizing militarily the border territories, in particular the Duchy of Burgundy (a French fief). This naturally made negotiations for a marriage difficult. He later admitted to his councillor [[Philippe de Commynes]] that this was his greatest mistake. In the meantime the Habsburg Emperor moved faster and more purposefully and secured the match for his son Maximilian, with the aid of Mary's stepmother, Margaret. Due to this marriage, much of the Burgundian territories passed to the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. Throughout the early modern [[European Wars of Religion|Wars of Religion]] and [[End of World War II in Europe|down to 1945]], the border between the Holy Roman Empire and the [[kingdom of France]], and later between [[France]] and [[Germany]] (specifically, concerning [[Alsace]], [[Lorraine (region)|Lorraine]] and [[Flanders]]), would be a matter of dispute. ==In literature== He is a main character in [[Sir Walter Scott]]'s 1823 novel ''[[Quentin Durward]]''.<ref>[http://www.walterscott.lib.ed.ac.uk/works/novels/durward.html]</ref> He is portrayed as intelligent, though brash. The timeline was manipulated by the author for dramatic purposes. He is also a principal character in Scott's later novel ''[[Anne of Geierstein]]''. <ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/7853/7853-h/7853-h.htm#link2H_4_0001 Author's Introduction]</ref><ref>[http://www.walterscott.lib.ed.ac.uk/publications/criticism/2005.html#curthoysdocker2005 Curthoys, Ann, and John Docker. 'Leopold von Ranke and Sir Walter Scott', in Is History Fiction? (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005), pp. 50-68.], in ''Articles and Chapters on Sir Walter Scott Published in 2005 - An Annotated Bibliography'', website of ''The Walter Scott Digital Archive'', Centre for Research Collections, Edinburgh University Library</ref> ==In film== * ''[[Le Miracle des loups (1924 film)|Le Miracle des loups]]'' (1924) * The entirely fictional hypothesis that he survived the Battle and was granted asylum in Pimlico is at the heart of the film ''[[Passport to Pimlico]]'' (1949). * ''[[The Adventures of Quentin Durward]]'' (1955) * ''[[Le Miracle des loups (1961 film)|Le Miracle des loups]]'' (1961) ==Ancestors== {{unreferenced section|date=February 2016 }} {{ahnentafel |collapsed=yes |align=center | boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc; | boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9; | boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc; | boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc; | boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe; | 1 = 1. '''Charles, Duke of Burgundy''' | 2 = 2. [[Philip the Good|Philip III, Duke of Burgundy]] | 3 = 3. [[Isabella of Portugal, Duchess of Burgundy|Isabella of Portugal]] | 4 = 4. [[John the Fearless|John I, Duke of Burgundy]] | 5 = 5. [[Margaret of Bavaria]] | 6 = 6. [[John I of Portugal]] | 7 = 7. [[Philippa of Lancaster]] | 8 = 8. [[Philip the Bold|Philip II, Duke of Burgundy]] | 9 = 9. [[Margaret III, Countess of Flanders]] | 10 = 10. [[Albert I, Duke of Bavaria]] | 11 = 11. [[Margaret of Brieg|Margaret of Brzeg]] | 12 = 12. [[Peter I of Portugal]] | 13 = 13. [[Teresa Lourenço]] | 14 = 14. [[John of Gaunt|John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster]] | 15 = 15. [[Blanche of Lancaster]] | 16 = 16. [[John II of France]] | 17 = 17. [[Bonne of Bohemia]] | 18 = 18. [[Louis II, Count of Flanders]] | 19 = 19. [[Margaret of Brabant, Countess of Flanders|Margaret of Brabant]] | 20 = 20. [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor]] | 21 = 21. [[Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut]] | 22 = 22. [[Louis I of Brzeg|Louis I, Duke of Brzeg]] | 23 = 23. Agnes of Głogów | 24 = 24. [[Afonso IV of Portugal]] | 25 = 25. [[Beatrice of Castile (1293–1359)|Beatrice of Castile]] | 26 = 26. Lourenço Martins | 27 = 27. Sancha Martins | 28 = 28. [[Edward III of England]] | 29 = 29. [[Philippa of Hainault]] | 30 = 30. [[Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster]] | 31 = 31. [[Isabel of Beaumont]] }} {{House of Valois (Burgundy)}} ==Titles== * [[File:Blason Charolais.svg|40px]] 1433 – 5 January 1477: [[Charolais (county)|Count of Charolais]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Blason fr Bourgogne.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Duke of Burgundy]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Armoiries Brabant.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Dukes of Brabant|Duke of Brabant]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Modern Arms of Limburg.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Dukes of Limburg|Duke of Limburg]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Austria coat of arms simple.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Dukes of Lothier|Duke of Lothier]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Arms of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Counts, Dukes and Grand Dukes of Luxembourg|Duke of Luxemburg]] as '''Charles II''' * [[File:Namur Arms.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Marquis of Namur|Margrave of Namur]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Blason comte fr Nevers.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[List of counts of Burgundy|Count Palatine of Burgundy]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Artois Arms.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Counts of Artois|Count of Artois]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Blason Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Counts of Flanders|Count of Flanders]] as '''Charles II''' * [[File:Hainaut Modern Arms.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Counts of Hainaut|Count of Hainault]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Counts of Holland Arms.svg|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Count of Holland]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:coatofarmszeeland.PNG|40px]] 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477: [[Count of Zeeland]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Guelders-Jülich Arms.svg|40px]] 23 February 1473 – 5 January 1477: [[Dukes of Guelders|Duke of Guelders]] as '''Charles I''' * [[File:Graafschap zutphen.svg|40px]] 23 February 1473 – 5 January 1477: [[Count of Zutphen]] as '''Charles I''' ==See also== {{Portal|Kingdom of France|Biography}} * [[Burgundian Netherlands]] * [[Burgundian Wars]] * [[Duchy of Burgundy]] * [[Dukes of Burgundy family tree]] * [[Jacques of Savoy, Count of Romont]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Sources== {{Refbegin}} * {{EB1911 |last=Poupardin |first=René |authorlink=René Poupardin |wstitle=Burgundy }} * {{EB1911 |last=Poupardin |first=René |wstitle=Charles (Duke of Burgundy)|display=Charles, called {{small-caps|The Bold}}, duke of Burgundy}} * {{CE1913 |last=Kurth |first=Godefroid |authorlink=Godefroid Kurth |wstitle=Burgundy }} <!--* {{Belf|Charles le Téméraire}}--> * {{cite book |first=Aline S. |last=Taylor |title=Isabel of Burgundy}} {{Refend}} ==Further reading== *{{Citation |first=Richard |last=Vaughan |title=Charles the Bold: The Last Valois Duke of Burgundy |location=London |publisher=Longman Group |year=1973 |isbn=0-582-50251-9 }}. ==External links== *{{Commons category inline|Charles the Bold}} {{S-start}} {{S-hou|[[House of Valois-Burgundy]]|10 November|1433|5 January|1477|[[House of Valois]]}} {{S-bef|rows=2|before=[[Philip the Good]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Duke of Burgundy]], [[Dukes of Brabant|Brabant]],<br>[[Dukes of Limburg|Limburg]], [[Dukes of Lothier|Lothier]] and [[Counts, Dukes and Grand Dukes of Luxembourg|Luxemburg]];<br>[[Marquis of Namur|Margrave of Namur]];<br/> [[Counts of Artois|Count of Artois]], [[Counts of Flanders|Flanders]], <br/> [[Counts of Hainaut|Hainaut]], [[Count of Holland|Holland]] and [[Count of Zeeland|Zeeland]];<br>[[List of counts of Burgundy|Count Palatine of Burgundy]]|years=15 July 1467 – 5 January 1477}} {{S-aft|rows=3|after=[[Mary of Burgundy|Mary]]}} {{s-break}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Charolais (county)|Count of Charolais]]|years=August 1433 – 5 January 1477}} {{s-break}} {{S-bef|before=[[Arnold, Duke of Gelderland|Arnold]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Dukes of Guelders|Duke of Guelders]]<br>[[Count of Zutphen]]|years=23 February 1473 – 5 January 1477}} {{S-end}} {{Valois Burgundy}} {{Monarchs of Luxembourg}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2011}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bold, Charles the}} [[Category:Dukes of Burgundy]] [[Category:People of the Burgundian Netherlands]] [[Category:House of Valois-Burgundy]] [[Category:1433 births]] [[Category:1477 deaths]] [[Category:Philip the Good (Duke of Burgundy)]] [[Category:People from Dijon]] [[Category:Dukes of Brabant]] [[Category:Dukes of Guelders]] [[Category:Dukes of Limburg]] [[Category:Dukes of Luxembourg]] [[Category:Counts of Flanders|Charles]] [[Category:Counts of Artois]] [[Category:Counts of Burgundy]] [[Category:Counts of Hainaut]] [[Category:Counts of Holland]] [[Category:Counts of Charolais]] [[Category:Margraves of Namur]] [[Category:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter|Charles]] [[Category:Grand Masters of the Order of the Golden Fleece|Charles]] [[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece|Charles]] [[Category:Military personnel killed in action]] [[Category:15th-century peers of France]] [[Category:15th-century rulers in Europe]]'