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Wutung language

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Wutung
Sangke
Native toPapua New Guinea
RegionSandaun Province
Native speakers
900 (2003)[1]
Dialects
  • Wutung
  • Sangke (Nyao)
Language codes
ISO 639-3wut
Glottologwutu1244
ELPWutung
Coordinates: 2°36′31″S 141°00′37″E / 2.60857°S 141.010203°E / -2.60857; 141.010203 (Wutung)
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Wutung (Udung) and Sangke (Nyao) are a Skou language or pair of languages of Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in the villages of Wutung (2°36′31″S 141°00′37″E / 2.60857°S 141.010203°E / -2.60857; 141.010203 (Wutung)) and Sangke in Bewani/Wutung Onei Rural LLG of Sandaun Province.[2][3] The two varieties are sometimes considered separate languages.

Tok Pisin and English are widely spoken in the area, and many Wutung people speak Indonesian too.[4][5]

Location

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Wutung village is in Sandaun Province, on the northern coast and adjacent to the border with Indonesia. There are about 500 living in Wutung village, most of whom speak Wutung.

The nearby villages of Musu (12 km east on the coast, at 2°37′40″S 141°06′06″E / 2.627641°S 141.10172°E / -2.627641; 141.10172 (Mushu)) and Nyao Kono (about 12 km due south, at 2°48′28″S 141°03′15″E / 2.80788°S 141.054278°E / -2.80788; 141.054278 (Yaukono)) have closely related languages which are named after their villages (Musu and Nyao). These three speech varieties are very closely related and are mutually intelligible.

Phonology

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Wutung has fifteen consonants and seven vowels, six of which have nasal variants. This gives a total of 28 phonemes. Wutung also makes suprasegmental distinctions in tone.

Consonants

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Wutung is one of the very few languages that lack velar consonants.

Labial Alveolar Palatal Glottal
Plosive or
Affricate
voiceless p t t͡ʃ ʔ
voiced b d d͡ʒ
Nasal m n ɲ
Fricative f s h
Approximant w l

Vowels

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Wutung has thirteen vowels, which includes seven oral and six nasal vowels. The table below shows the oral vowels. Each of these vowels, apart from the close-mid vowel ur /ɵ/, has an equivalent nasal vowel. The nasal vowels are indicated using the same symbol as the equivalent oral, but with a following ng, e.g. ca, 'pig' vs. cang 'blossom', the latter having the nasal vowel.

Front Central Back
Close i
/i/
u
/u/
Mid ey
/e/
ur
/ɵ/
o
/o/
Open e
/ɛ/
a
/a/

Pronouns

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Wutung has a simple system of personal pronouns with three persons (1st, 2nd and 3rd), two numbers (singular and plural) and gender in the third person singular pronouns. The same set of pronouns are used for object and subject.

I nie we netu
thou me you etu
he qey they tetu
she cey
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References

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  1. ^ Wutung at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). "Papua New Guinea languages". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). Dallas: SIL International.
  3. ^ United Nations in Papua New Guinea (2018). "Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup". Humanitarian Data Exchange. 1.31.9.
  4. ^ Marmion, Doug, Wutung: A Papuan language of the Sko Phylum spoken in Sandaun Province, PNG, Research Data Australia, doi:10.4225/72/56E824BE363A0, retrieved 2022-08-31
  5. ^ Marmion, Douglas E. (2010), Topics in the Phonology and Morphology of Wutung (PDF), Canberra: Australian National University, pp. 6, 13–15, archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-04-15