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United States presidential elections in Arkansas

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Presidential elections in Arkansas
Map of the United States with Arkansas highlighted
Number of elections46
Voted Democratic32
Voted Republican12
Voted other2[a]
Voted for winning candidate27
Voted for losing candidate19

Arkansas is a state in the South Central region of the United States.[1] Since its admission to the Union in June 1836, it has participated in 46 United States presidential elections. In the realigning 1860 election, Arkansas was one of the ten slave states that did not provide ballot access to the Republican nominee, Abraham Lincoln.[2] Subsequently, John C. Breckinridge won the state by a comfortable margin, becoming the first third party candidate to win Arkansas.[3] Soon after this election, Arkansas seceded from the Union and joined the Confederacy.[4] Following the secession, Arkansas did not participate in the 1864 presidential election.[5] After the Civil War, Arkansas was readmitted to the Union in 1868.[6] In the 1872 election, all six of Arkansas's electoral votes were invalidated due to various irregularities including allegations of electoral fraud.[7]

Until 1964, Arkansas was considered a stronghold state for the Democratic Party, which usually carried the state by huge margins; however, recent political realignment has led to the dominance of the Republican Party.[8] In the 1968 presidential election, American Independent Party candidate George Wallace became the second third-party presidential candidate to win Arkansas.[9] Arkansas was the only state in the 1992 presidential election to be won by a majority of the popular vote;[10] Bill Clinton, its governor at the time, won Arkansas with 53.21 percent of the vote.[11] Since Clinton won re-election in 1996, however, the state has voted consistently for the Republican Party.[12]

Presidential elections

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Key for parties
  Constitution Party – (C)
  Democratic Party – (D)
  Dixiecrat Party – (DI)
  Farmer-Labor Party – (FL)
  Green Party – (G)
  Greenback Party – (GB)
  Know Nothing Party – (KN)
  Libertarian Party – (LI)
  Populist Party – (PO)
  Populist Party (1984) – (PO-1984)
  Progressive Party (1912) – (PR-1912)
  Progressive Party (1924) – (PR-1924)
  Prohibition Party – (PRO)
  Reform Party – (RE)
  Republican Party – (R)
  Whig Party – (W)
Note – A double dagger (‡) indicates the national winner.

1836 to 1856

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Presidential elections in Arkansas from 1836 to 1856
Year Winner Runner-up EV Ref.
Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes %
1836 Martin Van Buren (D) 2,380 64.08% Hugh Lawson White (W) 1,334 35.92% 3
1840 Martin Van Buren (D) 6,679 56.42% William Henry Harrison (W) 5,160 43.58% 3
1844 James K. Polk (D) 9,546 63.01% Henry Clay (W) 5,604 36.99% 3
1848 Lewis Cass (D) 9,301 55.07% Zachary Taylor (W) 7,587 44.93% 3
1852 Franklin Pierce (D) 12,173 62.18% Winfield Scott (W) 7,404 37.82% 4
1856 James Buchanan (D) 21,910 67.12% Millard Fillmore (KN) 10,732 32.88% 4

1860 and 1864

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The election of 1860 was a complex realigning election in which the breakdown of the previous two-party alignment culminated in four parties each competing for influence in different parts of the country.[30] The result of the election, with the victory of an ardent opponent of slavery, spurred the secession of eleven states and brought about the American Civil War.[31]

1860 Presidential election in Arkansas
Year Winner Runner-up Runner-up Runner-up EV Ref.
Candidate Votes
(%)
Candidate Votes
(%)
Candidate Votes
(%)
Candidate Votes
(%)
1860 John C. Breckinridge (SD) 28,732
(53.06%)
John Bell (CU) 20,063
(37.05%)
Stephen A. Douglas (D) 5,357
(9.89%)
Abraham Lincoln (R)
[b]
4
1864
Election was not conducted in Arkansas as it seceded from the Union to join the Confederacy

1868 to present

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Presidential elections in Arkansas from 1864 to present
Year Winner Runner-up Other candidate[c] EV Ref.
Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes %
Ulysses S. Grant (R) 22,112 53.68% Horatio Seymour (D) 19,078 46.32%
5
Ulysses S. Grant (R) 41,373 52.17% Horace Greeley (LR)[d] 37,927 47.83%
[e]
Samuel J. Tilden (D) 58,086 59.92% Rutherford B. Hayes (R) 38,649 39.87% Peter Cooper (GB) 211 0.22% 6
Winfield Scott Hancock (D) 60,489 55.56% James A. Garfield (R) 41,661 38.27% James B. Weaver (GB) 4,079 3.75% 6
Grover Cleveland (D) 72,734 57.83% James G. Blaine (R) 51,198 40.7% Benjamin F. Butler (GB) 1,847 1.47% 7
Grover Cleveland 86,062 54.8% Benjamin Harrison (R) 59,752 38.04% Alson J. Streeter (L) 10,630 6.77% 7
Grover Cleveland (D) 87,834 59.3% Benjamin Harrison (R) 47,072 31.78% James B. Weaver (PO) 11,831 7.99% 8
William Jennings Bryan (D) 110,103 73.7% William McKinley (R) 37,512 25.11% Joshua Levering (PRO) 889 0.6% 8
William Jennings Bryan (D) 81,242 63.49% William McKinley (R) 44,800 35.01% Wharton Barker (PO) 972 0.76% 8
Alton B. Parker (D) 64,434 55.39% Theodore Roosevelt (R) 46,760 40.2% Thomas E. Watson (PO) 2,318 1.99% 9
William Jennings Bryan (D) 87,020 57.31% William Howard Taft (R) 56,684 37.33% Eugene Debs (S) 5,842 3.85% 9
Woodrow Wilson (D) 68,814 55.01% William Howard Taft (R) 25,585 20.45% Theodore Roosevelt (PR-1912) 21,644 17.3% 9
Woodrow Wilson (D) 112,211 66.65% Charles Evans Hughes (R) 48,879 29.03% Allan L. Benson (S) 6,999 4.16% 9
James M. Cox (D) 107,409 58.49% Warren G. Harding (R) 71,117 38.73% Parley P. Christensen (FL) 5,111 2.78% 9
John W. Davis (D) 84,790 61.2% Calvin Coolidge (R) 40,583 29.29% Robert M. La Follette (PR-1924) 13,167 9.5% 9
Al Smith (D) 119,196 60.28% Herbert Hoover (R) 77,784 39.34% Norman Thomas (S) 429 0.22% 9
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) 186,829 86.27% Herbert Hoover (R) 27,466 12.68% Norman Thomas (S) 1,166 0.59% 9
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) 146,765 81.79% Alf Landon (R) 32,039 17.86% Norman Thomas (S) 446 0.25% 9
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) 157,213 78.44% Wendell Willkie (R) 42,121 21.02% Roger Babson (PRO) 793 0.4% 9
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) 148,965 69.95% Thomas E. Dewey (R) 63,551 29.84% Norman Thomas (S) 438 0.21% 9
Harry S. Truman (D) 149,659 61.72% Thomas E. Dewey (R) 50,959 21.02% Strom Thurmond (DI) 40,068 16.52% 9
Adlai Stevenson (D) 226,300 55.9% Dwight D. Eisenhower (R) 177,155 43.76% Stuart Hamblen (PRO) 886 0.22% 8
Adlai Stevenson (D) 213,277 52.46% Dwight D. Eisenhower (R) 186,287 45.82% T. Coleman Andrews (C) 7,008 1.72% 8
John F. Kennedy (D) 215,049 50.19% Richard Nixon (R) 184,508 43.06% Orval Faubus (NSR) 28,952 6.76% 8
Lyndon B. Johnson (D) 314,197 56.06% Barry Goldwater (R) 243,264 43.41% John Kasper (NSR) 2,965 0.53% 6
George Wallace (AI) 240,982 38.87% Richard Nixon (R) 190,759 30.77% Hubert Humphrey (D) 188,228 30.36% 6
Richard Nixon (R) 448,541 68.87% George McGovern (D) 198,892 30.54% John G. Schmitz (AI) 2,887 0.44% 6
Jimmy Carter (D) 499,614 65.09% Gerald Ford (R) 268,753 35.02% Eugene McCarthy (I) 647 0.08% 6
Ronald Reagan (R) 403,164 48.13% Jimmy Carter (D) 398,041 47.52% John B. Anderson (I) 22,468 2.68% 6
Ronald Reagan (R) 534,774 60.47% Walter Mondale (D) 338,646 38.29% David Bergland (LI) 2,221 0.25% 6
George H. W. Bush (R) 466,578 56.37% Michael Dukakis (D) 349,237 42.19% David Duke (PO-1984) 5,146 0.62% 6
Bill Clinton[f] (D) 505,823 53.21% George H. W. Bush (R) 337,324 35.48% Ross Perot (I) 99,132 10.43% 6
Bill Clinton[f] (D) 475,171 53.74% Bob Dole (R) 325,416 36.8% Ross Perot (RE) 69,884 7.9% 6
George W. Bush (R) 472,940 51.31% Al Gore (D) 422,768 45.86% Ralph Nader (G) 13,421 1.46% 6
George W. Bush (R) 572,898 54.31% John Kerry (D) 469,953 44.55% Ralph Nader (I) 6,171 0.58% 6
John McCain (R) 638,017 58.72% Barack Obama (D) 422,310 38.86% Ralph Nader (I) 12,882 1.19% 6
Mitt Romney (R) 647,744 60.57% Barack Obama (D) 394,409 36.88% Gary Johnson (LI) 16,276 1.52% 6
Donald Trump (R) 684,872 60.57% Hillary Clinton (D) 380,494 33.65% Gary Johnson (LI) 29,829 2.64% 6
Donald Trump (R) 760,647 62.4% Joe Biden (D) 423,932 34.78% Jo Jorgensen (LI) 13,133 1.08% 6

Graph

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The Southern Democratic Party candidate John C. Breckinridge in 1860 and the American Independent Party candidate George Wallace in 1968
  2. ^ Not on ballot
  3. ^ For purposes of these lists, other candidates are defined as those who were in third place in Arkansas.
  4. ^ Due to its strong desire to defeat incumbent president Ulysses S. Grant, the 1872 Democratic National Convention also nominated the Liberal Republican Party's Greeley/Brown ticket.[39]
  5. ^ Election was held in Arkansas; however, due to various irregularities including allegations of electoral fraud, all 6 electoral votes from Arkansas were invalidated.[40]
  6. ^ a b Arkansas was the home state of Bill Clinton

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "The South". Encyclopedia Britannica. June 30, 2021. Archived from the original on July 11, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  2. ^ Burlingame, Michael (4 October 2016). "Abraham Lincoln: Campaign and Elections". Miller Center. Archived from the original on November 21, 2016. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  3. ^ a b Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 764.
  4. ^ "The Secession of Arkansas". The New York Times. June 8, 1861. Archived from the original on September 24, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  5. ^ a b Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 765.
  6. ^ "Reuniting the Union: A Chronology". Digital History. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  7. ^ "A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 – 1875". Journal of the Senate of the United States of America. 68: 344–345. February 12, 1873. Archived from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved July 11, 2021 – via Library of Congress.
  8. ^ Schreckhise, William D.; Parry, Janine A.; Schields, Todd G. (2001). "Rising Republicanism in Arkansas Electorate? A Characterization of Arkansas' Political Attitudes and Participation Rates" (PDF). The Midsouth Political Science Review. 5. The Arkansas Political Science Association: 1–16. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
  9. ^ Leip, David. "1968 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  10. ^ a b Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 797.
  11. ^ Leip, David. "1992 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  12. ^ Liep, Dave. "Presidential General Election Graph Comparison – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on July 11, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  13. ^ Leip, David. "1836 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  14. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 758.
  15. ^ a b c d e Burnham 1955, p. 254.
  16. ^ Leip, David. "1840 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  17. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 759.
  18. ^ a b Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 89.
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  23. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 90.
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  26. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 91.
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  28. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 763.
  29. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 92.
  30. ^ Egerton, Douglas (2010). Year of Meteors: Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln, and the Election That Brought on the Civil War. Bloomsbury Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-59691-619-7.
  31. ^ Egerton, Douglas (2010). Year of Meteors: Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln, and the Election That Brought on the Civil War. Bloomsbury Press. pp. 293–305. ISBN 978-1-59691-619-7.
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  37. ^ a b c Burnham 1955, p. 255.
  38. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 95.
  39. ^ Official Proceedings of the National Democratic Convention – Held at Baltimore, July 9, 1872. Rockwell & Churchill. 1872. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-4255-0353-6. OL 20466806M.
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  42. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 767.
  43. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 96.
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  45. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 768.
  46. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 97.
  47. ^ Leip, David. "1880 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  48. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 98.
  49. ^ Leip, David. "1884 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on June 29, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  50. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 770.
  51. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 99.
  52. ^ Leip, David. "1888 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on November 30, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  53. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 771.
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  56. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 772.
  57. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 101.
  58. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 773.
  59. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 102.
  60. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 774.
  61. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 103.
  62. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 775.
  63. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 104.
  64. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 776.
  65. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 105.
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  68. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 106.
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  98. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 118.
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  100. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 790.
  101. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 119.
  102. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 791.
  103. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 120.
  104. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 792.
  105. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 121.
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Works cited

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