spiritus

See also: Spiritus

English

Noun

spiritus

1. A breathing.
2. An aspirate.
3. Any spirituous preparation.

Related terms

• spiritus asper
• spiritus lenis
• spiritus mundi

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Czech

Etymology

From Latin spiritus, from or related to spiro.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈspɪrɪtus]

Noun

1. ethanol

Related terms

Related terms

• aspirace
• aspirant
• aspirantura
• aspirovat
• expirace
• exspirace
• inspirace
• inspirátor
• inspirovat
• konspirace
• konspirátor
• perspirace
• respirace
• respirátor
• spiritismus
• spiritista
• spiritistický
• spirituál
• spiritualismus
• spiritualista
• spiritualistický
• spiritualita
• spirituální
• spirometr
• spirometrický
• spirometrie
• špiritus
• transpirace

Further reading

• Template:R:PSJC
• Template:R:SSJC
• Template:R:ASCS

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Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

spiritus m (plural spiritussen or spiritus, diminutive spiritusje n) (in sense 2)

1. methylated spirit
2. (orthography) A kind of diacritic used on Ancient Greek vowels to indicate aspiration or lack thereof. See spiritus asper and spiritus lenis.

Synonyms

• (methylated spirit): brandspiritus

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Latin

Etymology

From spīrō (“I breathe, I respire; I live”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈspiː.ri.tus/, [ˈs̠piːrɪt̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈspi.ri.tus/, [ˈspiːrit̪us]

Noun

spīritus m (genitive spīritūs); fourth declension

1. breath, breathing
   • Classicorum auctorum e Vaticanicis codicibus editorum tomus V., Rome, 1833, p.595:

     Spīritūs sunt duo dasia et psile.

2. light breeze
3. spirit, ghost
   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.1.2:

     Terra autem erat inānis et vacua, et tenebrae erant super faciem abyssī: et spīritus Deī ferēbātur super aquās.

     And the earth was void and empty, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God moved over the waters.

4. energy
5. pride, arrogance

Declension

Fourth-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	spīritus	spīritūs
Genitive	spīritūs	spīrituum
Dative	spīrituī	spīritibus
Accusative	spīritum	spīritūs
Ablative	spīritū	spīritibus
Vocative	spīritus	spīritūs

Synonyms

• (breath, breathing): spīrātiō

Derived terms

• spīrituālis
• spīritus asper
• spīritus lēnis

• spīritus mundī
• spīritus sānctus

Related terms

• spīrābilis
• spīrāculum
• spīrāmen
• spīrāmentum
• spīrātiō

• spīrātus
• spīritālitās
• spīritāliter
• spīrō

Descendants

• Albanian: shpirt
• Asturian: espíritu
• Dutch: spiritus
• English: spirit
• French: esprit
• Friulian: spirt
• Italian: spirito
• Ladin: spiert, spirt
• Old Irish: spirut
  • Irish: spiorad
  • Manx: spyrryd
  • Scottish Gaelic: spiorad

• Old Galician-Portuguese: espirito
  • Galician: espírito
  • Portuguese: espírito
• Old Occitan: esperit
  • Catalan: esperit
  • Occitan: esperit
• Romanian spirit, spiriduș
• Romansch: spiert, spért
• Sardinian: ispìritu
• Sicilian: spìritu, spirdu
• Spanish: espíritu
• Venetian: spirito
• Welsh: ysbryd

References

• “spiritus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “spiritus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• spiritus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• spiritus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to breathe, live: animam, spiritum ducere
    
  • to breathe the air: aera spiritu ducere
    
  • to suffocate a person: spiritum intercludere alicui
    
  • to give up the ghost: extremum vitae spiritum edere
    
  • inspired: divino quodam spiritu inflatus or tactus
    
  • to be haughty: magnos spiritus sibi sumere (B. G. 1. 33)
    
  • to lower a person's pride: spiritus alicuius reprimere
    
  • patrician arrogance; pride of caste: spiritus patricii (Liv. 4. 42)
    
  • to assume a despotic tone: regios spiritus sibi sumere
    
  • to destroy a despotism, tyranny: regios spiritus reprimere (Nep. Dion. 5. 5)