yo
Translingual
Symbol
yo
English
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
As a greeting first attested in 1859, attested first as a cry of sailors and huntsmen (first attested in the 1400s; compare e.g. huzzah, giddyup). Originally from Middle English yo, io, ȝo, yeo, yaw, variant forms of ya, ye (“yes, yea”), from Old English ġēa (“yes, yea”), from Proto-Germanic *ja (“yes, thus, so”), from Proto-Indo-European *yē (“already”); or perhaps from Old English ēow (“Wo!, Alas!”, interjection). Compare Danish, Swedish, German, Norwegian jo (“yes (flexible meaning)”), Dutch jow (“hi, hey”) and Dutch jo (“hi, hey”). More at yea, ow, ew.
Modern popularity apparently dates from World War II (claimed to be a common response at roll calls; see definition 4), and then most intensely attested in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; it thence spread globally from American dominance of pop culture post-WWII.
Interjection
yo
- (slang) A greeting similar to hi.
- (slang) An interjection similar to hey.
- Synonyms: ahoy, oi; see also Thesaurus:hey
- Yo, check this out!
- Check this out, yo!
- (slang) An expression of surprise or excitement.
- Yo, that's crazy, but I don't remember asking.
- 2021 October 2, Mason Cannon, “Don't Feel Pressured To Declare Your Major Right Away”, in Study Breaks[1]:
- I have quickly acclimated myself to the standard form of greeting on campus: "Oh hey what’s your name? … Yeah, nice to meet you, what're you studying? … Yo that’s sick!" A script to recite, nearly verbatim, 10 times a day or more.
- (military slang) Present! Here!
- Sergeant: Smith?
Private Smith: Yo!
- Sergeant: Smith?
- (chiefly African-American Vernacular) Emphatic conclusion to a statement.
- 2010, "Kafkaesque" (Breaking Bad TV series, season 3, episode 9)
- JESSE: That is messed up, yo.
- 2010, "Kafkaesque" (Breaking Bad TV series, season 3, episode 9)
Synonyms
- (greeting): hey, hi; see also Category:English greetings
- (interjection): hey
Derived terms
Translations
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Etymology 2
Alternative forms
Determiner
yo
- (colloquial) Pronunciation spelling of your.
- Yo sandwich has only bacon in it. Want some ketchup on that?
Derived terms
Pronoun
yo
- (Baltimore) third-person singular, familiar
- Yo was tuckin' in his shirt! (Stotko and Troyer 2007)
Etymology 3
Noun
yo
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
Noun
yo (plural yos)
Derived terms
Translations
Etymology 5
Numeral
yo
- Short for yoleven.
Etymology 6
From irregular romanization of the standard Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 龠 (yuè).
Noun
yo (plural yo or yos)
See also
Anagrams
Afar
Pronunciation
Pronoun
yó
Usage notes
- The form yóo is used when the pronoun isn't followed by a clitic.
See also
References
- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “yo”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
Aragonese
Etymology
Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.
Pronoun
yo m sg or f sg
- First-person singular nominative pronoun; I
See also
nominative | disjunctive | dative | accusative | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me, m'2 | ||||
plural | masculine | nusatros1.1 | nos1.6 | ||||
feminine | nusatras1.1 | ||||||
second person | singular | familiar | tú | te, t'2 | |||
formal | vusté,1.2 vos | ||||||
plural | familiar | masculine | vusatros1.3 | vos, tos3 | |||
feminine | vusatras1.3 | ||||||
formal | vustés,1.2 vos | ||||||
third person | singular | masculine | él1.4 | le1.7 | lo,1.8 l'2 | ||
feminine | ella1.5 | la | |||||
plural | masculine | els, ellos1.4 | les1.7 | los1.9 | |||
feminine | ellas1.5 | las | |||||
reflexive | — | se, s'2 |
- The forms shown in the table are the most widespread ones. Some varieties use different forms:
- nusotros/as (Ansotano, Cheso, Somontanos) and nusaltros/as (Benasquese and Belsetán).
- usté(s) (Benasquese), ustet(z) (Ansotano), vustet(z) (Tensino, Somontanos)
- vusotros/as (Ansotano, Cheso, Somontanos) and vusaltros/as (Benasquese and Belsetán).
- ell(s) (Benasquese) and er(s) (Belsetán).
- era(s) (Belsetán).
- mos (Ribagorçan). Before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en the contracted form mo' is used.
- li(s) (Cheso, Tensino).
- el (Ribagorçan). The contracted form l' is used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds and 'l after pronouns ending in vowels and no (“no, not”).
- es, els (Ribagorçan). These forms are contracted to 's and 'ls after pronouns ending in vowels and no (“no, not”).
- The contracted forms are used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds.
- In Ribagorçan the contracted form to' is used before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en.
References
- “yo”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)
Asturian
Etymology
Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.
Pronoun
yo
- I (first-person singular pronoun)
Chavacano
Etymology
Pronoun
yo (accusative conmigo)
- I (first-person singular pronoun)
Chinese
Etymology
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: jou1
- Yale: yōu
- Cantonese Pinyin: jou1
- Guangdong Romanization: you1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jou̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Adjective
yo
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, chiefly university slang) outgoing; sociable
Verb
yo (Hong Kong Cantonese, chiefly university slang)
- to act in an outgoing manner
- to socialize with; to interact with
- (euphemistic) Used in certain interjections to replace vulgar verbs.
Derived terms
Danish
Etymology
Interjection
yo
- (slang) yo
- 2016, Lisbeth Zornig, Mikael Lindholm, Bundfald, Art People, →ISBN:
- “Yo!” Mathias så op.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Dutch
Etymology
Pronunciation
Interjection
yo
Guerrero Amuzgo
Adjective
yo
Haitian Creole
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Article
yo pl
Usage notes
This word is only used in its article sense when it modifies a plural noun.
See also
- a
- an
- la
- lan
- nan
- sa a (emphatic value)
- yon (indef. art.)
Pronoun
yo (contracted form y)
Indonesian
Etymology 1
A shortening of "ayo" (come on)
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Interjection
yo
Japanese
Romanization
yo
Kristang
Pronoun
yo
See also
Kristang personal pronouns (edit) | ||
---|---|---|
Person | Singular | Plural |
First | yo | nus |
Second | bos | bolotu |
Third | eli | olotu |
References
- ^ 2010, Ladislav Prištic, Kristang - Crioulo de Base Portuguesa, Masaryk University, page 26.
Ladino
Etymology
From Old Spanish yo, from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
yo (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling ייו)
Lashi
Etymology 1
From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *hja, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hja. Cognates include Jingpho yi.
Pronunciation
Noun
yo
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Noun
yo
Etymology 3
From Proto-Lolo-Burmese [Term?], from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ja. Cognates include Jingpho kăya.
Pronunciation
Noun
yo
References
- Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid[2], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis), pages 15-16
Lingala
Pronoun
yo
- Alternative form of yɔ̂
Lower Tanana
Noun
yo
References
- James Kari, Lower Tanana Athabaskan Listening and Writing Exercises (1991)
Mandarin
Romanization
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 喲/哟
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嚛/𪠸, 𪠸
yo
- Nonstandard spelling of yō.
Usage notes
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Middle English
Etymology 1
Pronoun
yo
- Alternative form of yow
Etymology 2
Pronoun
yo
- Alternative form of heo (“she”)
Noone
Noun
yo (plural yɔ́)
References
- R. Blench, Beboid Comparative
Norman
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old French yaue, ewe, euwe, egua (“water”), from Latin aqua (“water”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekʷeh₂ (“water, flowing water”).
Noun
yo f (plural yos)
Old Spanish
Etymology
Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.
Adverb
yo
Descendants
Pali
Alternative forms
Pronoun
yo
- masculine nominative singular of ya (“who (relative)”)
Spanish
Etymology
From Old Spanish yo, from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
yo
- First-person singular pronoun in the nominative case; I
Usage notes
- When more pronouns are included in the same sentence, it is considered impolite to say the pronoun yo at first; it must be the last one (this also applies to mí):
- Iremos Rosa, tú y yo. ― Rosa, you and I will go.
Derived terms
See also
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
Noun
- (psychoanalysis) Freud's concept of the ego
Descendants
- Chavacano: yo
Further reading
- “yo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Turkish
Alternative forms
Etymology
Pronunciation
Interjection
yo
Further reading
- “yo”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “yo¹”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5343
West Makian
Pronunciation
Particle
yo
- sentence-final action negation particle; not
- de tifiam yo ― I am not eating
Usage notes
Specifically negates action verbs (intransitive, transitive, ditransitive, etc.). To negate a stative verb, see wayo. The verbs seba/tope (“to want”) are not negated by ua, which would be ungrammatical. Instead, one uses the verb fono (“to not want”).
References
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[3], Pacific linguistics
Xhosa
Pronoun
-yo
- Combining stem of yona.
Yanomamö
Noun
yo (plural yoku)
References
- Lizot, Jacques (2004) Diccionario enciclopédico de la lengua yãnomãmɨ[4] (in Spanish), Vicariato apostólico de Puerto Ayacucho, →ISBN
Ye'kwana
Pronunciation
Verb
yo
- (transitive) to leave (someone) without a portion from the hunt
References
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “yo”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[5], Lyon
Yoruba
Pronunciation
Verb
yó
- to become saturated with food or drinks; to become full (after eating)
- to become drunk
- to become fleshy or robust (in reference to the belly or body)
- (idiomatic, euphemistic) to become pregnant
Derived terms
- Àwòyó (“a nickname for the orisha Yemọja”)
Zulu
Pronoun
-yo
- Combining stem of yona.
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- ISO 639-1
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