謙
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See also: 谦
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]謙 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+10, 17 strokes, cangjie input 卜口廿難金 (YRTXC), four-corner 08637, composition ⿰訁兼)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1175, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35821
- Dae Jaweon: page 1639, character 36
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4009, character 2
- Unihan data for U+8B19
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 謙 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 谦 | |
2nd round simp. | 𰵋 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 謙 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
譧 | *r'eːms |
賺 | *r'eːms |
尲 | *kreːm |
鹻 | *kreːmʔ |
歉 | *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms |
槏 | *kʰreːmʔ |
鰜 | *ɡreːm, *keːm |
稴 | *ɡreːm, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ, *ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm |
豏 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡreːms |
甉 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡraːm |
廉 | *ɡ·rem |
鎌 | *ɡ·rem |
鬑 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
鐮 | *ɡ·rem |
簾 | *ɡ·rem |
薕 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
蠊 | *ɡ·rem |
嬚 | *ɡ·remʔ |
溓 | *ɡ·remʔ, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ |
嵰 | *kʰremʔ |
隒 | *ŋɡremʔ |
熑 | *ɡ·reːm |
濂 | *ɡ·reːm |
燫 | *ɡ·reːm |
兼 | *keːm, *keːms |
縑 | *keːm |
鶼 | *keːm |
蒹 | *keːm |
搛 | *keːm |
謙 | *kʰeːm |
膁 | *kʰeːmʔ |
嗛 | *kʰeːmʔ |
慊 | *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːb |
傔 | *kʰeːms |
馦 | *qʰeːm |
嫌 | *ɡeːm |
鼸 | *ɡeːmʔ |
尷 | *kreːm |
Etymology
[edit]Cognate with 歉 (OC *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms, “deficient”), 廉 (OC *ɡ·rem, “upright; having integrity; uncorrupt”) (Schuessler, 2007), Tibetan ཁྲམ་པ (khram pa, “modest”) (Geilich, 1995).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qian1
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): qien1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): qie1
- Northern Min (KCR): gíng / kíng
- Eastern Min (BUC): kiĕng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1chi
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qienn1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cian
- Wade–Giles: chʻien1
- Yale: chyān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chian
- Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: qian1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kian
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: him1
- Yale: hīm
- Cantonese Pinyin: him1
- Guangdong Romanization: him1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hiːm⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: him1
- Sinological IPA (key): /him³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: qien1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiɛn⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiâm
- Hakka Romanization System: kiam´
- Hagfa Pinyim: kiam1
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯am²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: qie1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰie¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gíng / kíng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiŋ⁵⁴/, /kʰiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kiĕng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰieŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: qienn1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ẽ³³/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 謙 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰian⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰian²¹/ | |
Jinan | /t͡ɕʰiã²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡ɕʰiã²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕʰian²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰiã²¹/ | |
Xining | /t͡ɕʰiã⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰiɛ̃n³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰiɛn⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰian⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰian⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /t͡ɕʰiɛ̃⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /t͡ɕʰien⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /t͡ɕʰiĩ²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰie¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /t͡ɕʰie̞¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰie³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /t͡ɕʰiɪ⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /t͡ɕʰiẽ̞³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡ɕʰi³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰie³¹/ |
Tunxi | /t͡sʰiɛ¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕʰiẽ³³/ |
Xiangtan | /t͡ɕʰiẽ³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰiɛn⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /kʰiam⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /kʰiɑm²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /him⁵³/ |
Nanning | /him⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /him⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰiam⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰieŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kiŋ⁵⁴/ /kʰiŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰiam³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /xiam²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: khem
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*k-r̥ˤem/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰeːm/
Definitions
[edit]謙
Compounds
[edit]- 一謙四益/一谦四益
- 你謙我讓/你谦我让
- 和謙/和谦 (Héqiān)
- 太謙/太谦
- 平易謙沖/平易谦冲
- 恭謹謙和/恭谨谦和
- 撝謙/㧑谦
- 滿招損,謙受益/满招损,谦受益 (mǎn zhāosǔn, qiān shòuyì)
- 益謙虧盈/益谦亏盈
- 者者謙謙/者者谦谦
- 自謙/自谦 (zìqiān)
- 謙以下士/谦以下士
- 謙光/谦光
- 謙克/谦克
- 謙卑/谦卑 (qiānbēi)
- 謙卑感/谦卑感
- 謙卑自牧/谦卑自牧
- 謙厚/谦厚
- 謙受益/谦受益
- 謙和/谦和 (qiānhé)
- 謙善/谦善
- 謙恭/谦恭 (qiāngōng)
- 謙恭下士/谦恭下士
- 謙恭厚道/谦恭厚道
- 謙抑/谦抑 (qiānyì)
- 謙挹/谦挹
- 謙沖/谦冲 (qiānchōng)
- 謙沖自牧/谦冲自牧 (qiānchōngzìmù)
- 謙洽/谦洽
- 謙稱/谦称 (qiānchēng)
- 謙虛/谦虚 (qiānxū)
- 謙虛自牧/谦虚自牧
- 謙詞/谦词 (qiāncí)
- 謙誠/谦诚 (qiānchéng)
- 謙語/谦语
- 謙謝/谦谢
- 謙謙/谦谦
- 謙謙下士/谦谦下士
- 謙謙君子/谦谦君子 (qiānqiānjūnzǐ)
- 謙謹/谦谨
- 謙讓/谦让 (qiānràng)
- 謙辭/谦辞 (qiāncí)
- 謙退/谦退
- 謙遜/谦逊 (qiānxùn)
- 謙遜下士/谦逊下士
- 進履之謙/进履之谦
- 過謙/过谦 (guòqiān)
Japanese
[edit]Shinjitai | 謙 | |
Kyūjitai [1] |
謙󠄁 謙+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) |
|
謙󠄃 謙+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
[edit]謙
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)←けむ (kemu, historical)
- Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)←けむ (kemu, historical)
- Kun: へりくだる (herikudaru, 謙る)
References
[edit]- ^ “謙”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]謙 (eumhun 사양할 겸 (sayanghal gyeom))
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]謙: Hán Việt readings: khiêm[1][2]
謙: Nôm readings: khem[1][3], khiêm[1][2], khom[4], khòm[4], khọm[3]
- Chữ Hán form of khiêm (“humble, self-effacing”).
- Nôm form of khem (“to put on a diet”). See kiêng khem.
- Nôm form of khom (“to make a bow, to bend (one's body), to walk with a stoop”). See lom khom.
- Nôm form of khòm (“to make a bow, to bend (one's body), to walk with a stoop”).
- Nôm form of khọm (“very old”). See già khọm.
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
- 謙恭 (khiêm cung)
- 謙讓 (khiêm nhường)
- 謙遜 (khiêm tốn)
References
[edit]Categories:
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