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{{Egyiptomi dinasztiák}}
{{Egyiptomi dinasztiák}}


Az [[ókori Egyiptom|ókori egyiptomi]] '''V. dinasztia''' a [[III. dinasztia|III.]], [[IV. dinasztia|IV.]] és [[VI. dinasztia|VI. dinasztiával]] együtt alkotja az [[Egyiptomi Óbirodalom|Óbirodalmat]]. A dinasztia kilenc ismert uralkodója összesen kb. 150 évig volt hatalmon az [[i. e. 25. század|i. e. 25.]]–[[i. e. 24. század]]ban.
Az [[Ókori Egyiptom]] ''V. dinasztiá''ja [[I. e. 25. század|Kr. e. 2498]]-tól [[I. e. 24. század|Kr. e. 2345]]-ig irányította az országot. Ez idő alatt 9 fáraót adott Egyiptomnak:

==Kronológia==
A dinasztia időbeli elhelyezésére több elmélet is született: i. e. 2513–2374,{{sfn|Verner|2001b|pp=588{{endash}}590}}{{sfn|Altenmüller|2001|pp=597{{endash}}600}} 2510–2370,{{sfn|Verner|2001d|p=473}} 2510–2460,{{sfn|Grimal|1992|p=390}} 2504–2345,{{sfn|von Beckerath|1997|p=188}} 2498–2345,{{sfn|Clayton|1994|p=60}} 2494–2345,{{sfn|Shaw|2000|p=482}}{{sfn|Bard|1999|p=xlv|loc=Chronology of Ancient Egypt}}{{sfn|Málek|2000|pp=98 & 100}}{{sfn|Rice|1999|p=xlix|loc=Chronoloy}} 2465–2323,{{sfn|Lehner|2008|p=8}}{{sfn|Allen ''et al.''|1999|p=xx}} 2454–2297,{{sfn|von Beckerath|1997|p=188}} 2450–2335,{{sfn|Verner|2001a|p=418}}{{sfn|Krauss|1998|p=56}}
2450–2325,{{sfn|Arnold|2003|p=267}} 2435{{endash}}2306,{{sfn|Hornung|2012|p=491}}{{sfn|Bárta|2017|p=3}} 2392–2282.{{sfn|Dodson|Hilton|2004|p=288}} A dinasztiához tartozó uralkodók sorrendje nagyjából ismert, de nem teljesen bizonyított, mert a kevéssé ismert [[Sepszeszkaré]] uralkodását illetően ellentmondások vannak a történelmi források és a régészeti leletek között.


*[[Uszerkaf]] (ur.: [[I. e. 25. század|Kr. e. 2498]] – [[I. e. 25. század|Kr. e. 2491]])
*[[Uszerkaf]] (ur.: [[I. e. 25. század|Kr. e. 2498]] – [[I. e. 25. század|Kr. e. 2491]])
27. sor: 31. sor:


[[de:Altes Reich#5. Dynastie]]
[[de:Altes Reich#5. Dynastie]]

<!--
{{Infobox Former Country
| title_leader = [[List of pharaohs|Pharaoh]]
| leader1 = [[Userkaf]]
| year_leader1 = 7–8 years {{smaller|(first)}}
| leader2 = [[Sahure]]
| year_leader2 = 13 years
| leader3 = [[Neferirkare Kakai]]
| year_leader3 = {{circa}} 10 years
| leader4 = [[Neferefre]]
| year_leader4 = {{circa}} 2 years
| leader5 = [[Shepseskare]]
| year_leader5 = Few months
| leader6 = [[Nyuserre Ini]]
| year_leader6 = 24–35 years
| leader7 = [[Menkauhor Kaiu]]
| year_leader7 = 8–9 years
| leader8 = [[Djedkare Isesi]]
| year_leader8 = 33 up to over 44 years
| leader9 = [[Unas]]
| year_leader9 = 15–30 years {{smaller|(last)}}
| image_map =Unas-Pyramide (Sakkara) 13.jpg
| image_map_caption =The pyramid of [[Unas]] at [[Saqqara]]
| capital = [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]]
| common_languages = [[Egyptian language]]
| religion = [[ancient Egyptian religion]]
}}

== Rulers ==
Known rulers in the Fifth Dynasty are listed below.{{sfn|Shaw|2000|p=482}} [[Manetho]] assigns 248 years of rule to the Fifth Dynasty; however, the [[pharaoh]]s of this dynasty more probably ruled for an approximate 150 years.{{sfn|Altenmüller|2001|p=597}} This estimate varies between both scholar and source. The [[Horus name]]s{{sfn|Dodson|Hilton|2004|p=288}} and most names of the queens{{sfn|Dodson|Hilton|2004|p=65}} are taken from Dodson and Hilton.{{sfn|Dodson|Hilton|2004|pp=65 & 288}}

{|class="wikitable"
|+'''Dynasty V pharaohs'''
! style="width:110px" |Name of King !! style="width:120px" |Horus (throne) Name !! style="width:50px"|Images!!style="width:120px" |Estimated reign duration !!style="width:120px" |Pyramid !! style="width:200px" |Queen(s)
|-
| [[Userkaf]] || Irimaat || [[File:By_ovedc_-_Egyptian_Museum_(Cairo)_-_046_(cropped).jpg|70px]]||7 years || [[Pyramid of Userkaf|Pyramid]] in [[Saqqara]] || [[Khentkaus I]] ? <br /> [[Neferhetepes]]
|-
| [[Sahure]] || Nebkhau || [[File:SahureAndNomeGod-CloseUpOfSahure_MetropolitanMuseum.png|70px]]||13 years, 5 months and 12 days || [[Pyramid of Sahure|Pyramid]] in [[Abusir]] || [[Neferetnebty]]
|-
| [[Neferirkare Kakai]] || Neferirkare || [[File:Neferirkare_Kakai_2.png|70px]]||20 years || [[Pyramid of Neferirkare Kakai|Pyramid]] in Abusir || [[Khentkaus II]]
|-
| [[Neferefre]] ||Neferkhau ||[[File:Neferefre_2.jpg|70px]]|| 2 to 3 years|| [[Pyramid of Neferefre|Unfinished Pyramid of Neferefre]] in Abusir || [[Khentakawess III]] ?
|-
| [[Shepseskare]] || Shepseskare ||[[File:Shepseskare_Cylinder_Seal.png|70px]]|| Likely a few months || Possibly in Abusir ||
|-
| [[Nyuserre Ini]] || Nyuserre ||[[File:Niuserre_Double_Statue.jpg|70px]]|| 24 to 35 years || [[Pyramid of Nyuserre|Pyramid]] in Abusir || [[Reptynub]]
|-
| [[Menkauhor Kaiu]] || Menkauhor || [[File:Menkauhor_CG_40.jpg|70px]]||8 or 9 years || "[[Headless Pyramid]]" in [[Saqqara]] || [[Meresankh IV]]?
|-
| [[Djedkare Isesi]] || Djedkare ||[[File:Berlin_122009_036_b.jpg|70px]]|| 33 to more than 44 years || [[Pyramid of Djedkare-Isesi|Pyramid]] in Saqqara|| [[Setibhor]]
|-
| [[Unas]] || Wadjtawy ||[[File:Ounas-chambre2.jpg|70px]]|| 15 to 30 years || [[Pyramid of Unas|Pyramid]] in Saqqara|| [[Nebet (queen)|Nebet]]<br />[[Khenut]]
|}

Manetho writes that the Dynasty V kings ruled from [[Elephantine]], but archeologists have found evidence clearly showing that their palaces were still located at [[Memphis, Egypt#Old Kingdom|Ineb-hedj]] ("White Walls").

As before, expeditions were sent to [[Wadi Maghareh]] and [[Wadi Kharit]] in the [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]] to mine for [[turquoise]] and [[copper]], and to quarries northwest of [[Abu Simbel]] for [[gneiss]]. Trade expeditions were sent south to [[Land of Punt|Punt]] to obtain [[malachite]], [[myrrh]], and [[electrum]], and archeological finds at [[Byblos]] attest to diplomatic expeditions sent to that [[Phoenicia]]n city. Finds bearing the names of several Dynasty V kings at the site of [[Dorak (Egyptology)|Dorak]], near the [[Sea of Marmara]], may be evidence of trade but remain a mystery.

=== Userkaf ===
How [[Pharaoh]] [[Userkaf]] founded this dynasty is not known for certain. The [[Westcar Papyrus]], which was written during the [[Middle Kingdom of Egypt|Middle Kingdom]], tells a story of how king [[Khufu]] of Dynasty IV was given a prophecy that triplets born to the wife of the priest of [[Ra]] in [[Sakhbu]] would overthrow him and his heirs, and how he attempted to put these children – named Userkaf, [[Sahure]], and [[Neferirkare Kakai|Neferirkare]] – to death; however in recent years, scholars have recognized this story to be at best a legend and admit their ignorance over how the transition from one dynasty to another transpired.

During this dynasty, [[Ancient Egyptian religion|Egyptian religion]] made several important changes. The earliest known copies of funerary prayers inscribed on royal tombs (known as the [[Pyramid Texts]]) appear. The cult of the god [[Ra]] gains added importance, and kings from Userkaf through [[Menkauhor Kaiu]] built temples dedicated to Ra at or near [[Abusir]]. Then late in this dynasty, the cult of the [[Ancient Egyptian deities|deity]] [[Osiris]] assumes importance, most notably in the inscriptions found in the tomb of [[Unas]].

=== Djedkare Isesi ===
Amongst non-royal Egyptians of this time, [[Ptahhotep]], [[vizier]] to [[Djedkare Isesi]], won fame for his wisdom; ''[[The Maxims of Ptahhotep]]'' was ascribed to him by its later copyists. Non-royal tombs were also decorated with inscriptions, like the royal ones, but instead of prayers or incantations, biographies of the deceased were written on the walls.

==Notes==
{{notelist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|20em}}

==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
:{{cite book|last1=Allen|first1=James|title=Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/research/metpublications/Egyptian_Art_in_the_Age_of_the_Pyramids|first2=Susan|last2=Allen|first3=Julie|last3=Anderson|first4=Arnold|last4=Arnold|first5=Dorothea|last5=Arnold|first6=Nadine|last6=Cherpion|first7=Élisabeth|last7=David|first8=Nicolas|last8=Grimal|first9=Krzysztof|last9=Grzymski|first10=Zahi|last10=Hawass|first11=Marsha|last11=Hill|first12=Peter|last12=Jánosi|first13=Sophie|last13=Labée-Toutée|first14=Audran|last14=Labrousse|first15=Jean-Phillippe|last15=Lauer|first16=Jean|last16=Leclant|first17=Peter|last17=Der Manuelian|first18=N. B.|last18=Millet|first19=Adela|last19=Oppenheim|first20=Diana|last20=Craig Patch|first21=Elena|last21=Pischikova|first22=Patricia|last22=Rigault|first23=Catharine H.|last23=Roehrig|last24=Wildung|first24=Dietrich|first25=Christiane|last25=Ziegler|year=1999|publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|location=New York|oclc=41431623|ref={{harvid|Allen ''et al.''|1999}}}}
:{{cite book|last=Altenmüller|first=Hartwig|author-link=Hartwig Altenmüller|chapter=Old Kingdom: Fifth Dynasty|editor-last=Redford|editor-first=Donald B.|editor-link=Donald B. Redford|year=2001|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-510234-5|pp=597–601|ref=harv}}
:{{cite book|last=Arnold|first=Dieter|title=The Encyclopaedia of Ancient Egyptian Architecture|year=2003|location=London|publisher=I.B Tauris & Co Ltd|isbn=1860644651|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofa00diet|ref=harv}}
:{{cite book|editor-last=Bard|editor-first=Kathryn|title=Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt|year=1999|publisher=Routledge|location=London; New York|isbn=978-0-203-98283-9|ref=harv}}
:{{cite journal|last=Bárta|first=Miroslav|isbn=978-0-615-21403-0|title=Radjedef to the Eighth Dynasty|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/67n4m4c4|journal=UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology|volume=1|issue=1|publisher=The University of California|location=San Diego|year=2017|ref={{harvid|Bárta|2017}}}}
:{{cite book |last=Clayton |first=Peter |year=1994 |title=Chronicle of the Pharaohs|publisher=Thames & Hudson |location=New York|isbn= 978-0-500-05074-3|url=https://archive.org/details/ChronicleOfThePharaohsBySamySalah|ref=harv}}
:{{cite book|last1=Dodson|first1=Aidan|first2=Dyan|last2=Hilton|year=2004|title=The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt|publisher=Thames & Hudson|location=London|isbn=978-0-500-05128-3|ref=harv}}
:{{cite book|last=Grimal|first=Nicolas|author-link=Nicolas Grimal|title=A History of Ancient Egypt|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|others=Translated by Ian Shaw|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-631-19396-8|year=1992|ref=harv}}
:{{cite book | editor1-last = Hornung | editor1-first = Erik | editor2-last = Krauss | editor2-first = Rolf | editor3-last = Warburton | editor3-first = David | year = 2012 | title = Ancient Egyptian Chronology | series = Handbook of Oriental Studies | publisher = Brill | location = Leiden, Boston | isbn = 978-90-04-11385-5 | issn = 0169-9423 | url = https://archive.org/details/AncientEgyptianChronology |ref={{harvid|Hornung|2012}}}}
:{{cite journal|last=Krauss|first=Rolf|year=1998|title=Wenn und aber: Das Wag-Fest und die Chronologie des Alten Reiches|journal=Göttinger Miszellen|volume=162|publisher=Universität der Göttingen. Seminar für Agyptologie und Koptologie|location=Göttingen|language=German|pp=53–64|issn=0344-385X|ref=harv}}
:{{cite book|last=Lehner|first=Mark|author-link=Mark Lehner|year=2008|title=The Complete Pyramids|location=London|publisher=Thames & Hudson Ltd.|isbn=978-0-500-05084-2|ref=harv|url=https://archive.org/details/completepyramids00lehn}}
:{{cite book|last=Málek|first=Jaromir|chapter=The Old Kingdom (c.2160-2055 BC)|editor-last=Shaw|editor-first=Ian|title=The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt|year=2000|pp=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhisto00shaw/page/83 83–107]|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-815034-3|ref=harv|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhisto00shaw|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhisto00shaw/page/83}}
:{{cite book|last=Rice|first=Michael|title=Who is who in Ancient Egypt|publisher=Routledge London & New York|year=1999|isbn=978-0-203-44328-6|ref=harv}}
:{{cite book|editor-last=Shaw|editor-first=Ian|title=The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt|year=2000|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-815034-2|ref=harv|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhisto00shaw}}
:{{cite journal |last=Verner |first=Miroslav |date=2001a |title=Archaeological Remarks on the 4th and 5th Dynasty Chronology |url=http://www.gizapyramids.org/pdf_library/verner_archiv_or_69.pdf |journal=Archiv Orientální |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=363&ndash;418 |ref=harv}}
:{{cite book|last=Verner|first=Miroslav|chapter=Old Kingdom: An Overview|editor-last=Redford|location=Oxford|editor-first=Donald B.|editor-link=Donald B. Redford|date=2001b|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510234-5|pp=585–591|ref=harv}}
:{{cite book|last=Verner|first=Miroslav|title=The Pyramids. The Mystery, Culture, and Science of Egypt's Great Monuments|publisher=Grove Press|location=New York|year=2001d|url=https://archive.org/details/pyramidscomplete00vern|others=Translated by Steven Rendall|isbn=978-0-8021-3935-1|ref=harv}}
:{{cite book|last=von Beckerath|first=Jürgen|author-link=Jürgen von Beckerath|year=1997|title=Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägypten : die Zeitbestimmung der ägyptischen Geschichte von der Vorzeit bis 332 v. Chr.|language=German|location=Mainz am Rhein|publisher=Philipp von Zabern|series=Münchner ägyptologische Studien|volume=46|isbn=978-3-8053-2310-9|ref=harv}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Fifth Dynasty of Egypt| ]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 3rd millennium BC]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 3rd millennium BC]]
[[Category:Dynasties of ancient Egypt|05]]
-->

A lap 2020. augusztus 24., 09:22-kori változata

Az ókori Egyiptom dinasztiái
predinasztikus kor
protodinasztikus kor
thiniszi kor
Óbirodalom
I. átmeneti kor
Középbirodalom
II. átmeneti kor
Újbirodalom
III. átmeneti kor
későkor, hellenisztikus kor
Sablon:Egyiptomi dinasztiák

Az ókori egyiptomi V. dinasztia a III., IV. és VI. dinasztiával együtt alkotja az Óbirodalmat. A dinasztia kilenc ismert uralkodója összesen kb. 150 évig volt hatalmon az i. e. 25.–i. e. 24. században.

Kronológia

A dinasztia időbeli elhelyezésére több elmélet is született: i. e. 2513–2374,[1][2] 2510–2370,[3] 2510–2460,[4] 2504–2345,[5] 2498–2345,[6] 2494–2345,[7][8][9][10] 2465–2323,[11][12] 2454–2297,[5] 2450–2335,[13][14] 2450–2325,[15] 2435Sablon:Endash2306,[16][17] 2392–2282.[18] A dinasztiához tartozó uralkodók sorrendje nagyjából ismert, de nem teljesen bizonyított, mert a kevéssé ismert Sepszeszkaré uralkodását illetően ellentmondások vannak a történelmi források és a régészeti leletek között.

Talán még Uszerkaf előtt uralkodott rövid ideig I. Hentkauesz (bár őt inkább a IV. dinasztiába kellene sorolni).

Kapcsolódó cikkek

  • ókor Ókorportál • összefoglaló, színes tartalomajánló lap


  1. ↑ Verner 2001b, 588Sablon:Endash590. o.
  2. ↑ Altenmüller 2001, 597Sablon:Endash600. o.
  3. ↑ Verner 2001d, 473. o.
  4. ↑ Grimal 1992, 390. o.
  5. ↑ a b von Beckerath 1997, 188. o.
  6. ↑ Clayton 1994, 60. o.
  7. ↑ Shaw 2000, 482. o.
  8. ↑ Bard 1999, Chronology of Ancient Egypt.
  9. ↑ Málek 2000, 98 & 100. o.
  10. ↑ Rice 1999, Chronoloy.
  11. ↑ Lehner 2008, 8. o.
  12. ↑ Allen et al. 1999, xx. o.
  13. ↑ Verner 2001a, 418. o.
  14. ↑ Krauss 1998, 56. o.
  15. ↑ Arnold 2003, 267. o.
  16. ↑ Hornung 2012, 491. o.
  17. ↑ Bárta 2017, 3. o.
  18. ↑ Dodson & Hilton 2004, 288. o.
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