Medicina: Differentia inter versiones

; Medicina
	instantia de: field of study[], disciplina academic[], field of work[*]
	subclasse de: scientia de sanitate[*]
	parte de: scientias del vita
	;
	Commons: Medicine

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Le medicina ([me-di-tsí-na]) es le scientia e practica de diagnosis, tractamento, e prevention de maladias in le corpore human.^[1]^[2] Le parola "medicina" on deriva del Latin medicus, significante "un medico".^[3]^[4] Le Medicina comprende un varietate de practicas pro reguardo del sanitate disveloppate pro mantener e restaurar le sanitate pro le prevention e le tractamento del maladia. Le medicina contemporanee applica le scientia biomedicas, reserca biomedicas, genetica, e technologia medica pro diagnosticar tractar e prevenir lesiones e maladias, generalmente per medio de pharmacos o chirurgia, pro etiam per medio de therapias tanto differente como psychotherapia, ferula e traction externas, instrumentos medicos, biologic, e radiation ionisante e alteres.^[5]

Le Medicina existeva per mille de annos, dum le majoritate del cual esseva un arte (un area de habilitate e cognoscentia) e frequentemente haveva connecxiones con le credentia religiose e philosophic del cultura local. Per exemplo, un shaman aplicava herbas e precava pro sanar, o un ancian philosopho e medico qui applicarea sanguine de accordo con le theorias del humorismo. In recente seculos, desde le advenimento del scientia moderne, le majiorie del medicina ha convertite un combination de arte e scientia (tanto basic e applicate, basse le parapluvia del scientia medica). Durante que le technic pro le suturas es un arte apprendite per le practica, le cognoscimento del que eveni a nivello cellular e molecular in le texite que on suer surge per le scientia.

Le formas del medicina prescientific alora es cognoscite como medicina traditional e medicina popular. Seque essendo de uso commun con o in vice de le medicina scientista e es appelate medicina alternative. Per exemplo, le evidentia super le efficacia del acupunctura es "variable e inconsistente" pro ulle condition,^[6] ma generalmente es secur queando es realisate por un professional.^[7] In contrasto, le tractamentos fora del limites del seguritate e efficacia es nominate charlataneria. Patrono:TOC limit

Scopos del medicina

Le medicina debe aspirar a esser honorabile e diriger su proprie vita professional; esser moderate e prudente; esser economicamente sustenibile; esser juste e respectar le optiones e le dignitate del personas.

Le valores elemental del medicina contribue a preservar su integritate fronte al pressiones politic e social que defende un scopos alien o anachronic. Le scopos del medicina es:

Le prevention de maladias e lesiones e le promotion e conservation del salute.
Le relievo del dolor e le suffrentia causate per maladias.
Le attention e curation del malados e le custodia del incurabiles.
Le elution del morte prematur e le cerca de un morte tranquille.

Le scopos erronee del medicina es:

Le uso incorrecte de technicas e cognoscentias medic.
Le uso de information re salute public por justificar le coercition antidemocratic de grande gruppos de personas por que modifica lor comportamentos "insan".
Le medicina non pote consister in le benesser absolute del individuo, ultra su bon stato de salute.
Non corresponde al medicina definir lo que es le ben general por le societate.

Materias basic

Specialisationes del Medicina

Allergologia
Analyse clinic
Anatomia pathologic
Andrologia
Anesthesiologia e reanimation
Angiologia, chirurgia vascular
Apparato digestive
Biochimia
Cardiologia
Chirurgia cardiovascular
Chirurgia general e del apparato digestive
Chirurgia orthopedic e traumatologia
Chirurgia pediatric
Chirurgia plastic reparatori
Chirurgia thoracic
Chirurgia oral maxilofacial
Chirurgia vascular
Dermatologia e venereologia
Endocrinologia e nutrition
Stomatologia
Pharmacologia clinic
Geriatria
Gynecologia e Obstetricia
Hematologia
Immunologia
Medicina aeronautic
Medicina de emergentia
Medicina del sport
Prime succurso = medicina familiar e del communitate
Medicina intensive
Medicina interne
Medicina nuclear
Medicina preventive
Medicina veterinari
Microbiologia e parasitologia
Nefrologia
Neurochirurgia
Neurophysiologia clinica
Neurologia
Obstetricia e gynecologia
Ophtalmologia
Oncologia medic
Oncologia radiotherapic
Otorrhynolaringologia
Pediatria
Pneumologia
Psychiatria
Radiologia
Radiophysica
Radiologia
Rehabilitation
Rheumatologia
Urologia

Vide etiam

↑ "Medicine, n.1". Oxford University Press (September 2014). Consultate le 8 Nov 2014.
↑ "Medicine". Oxford University Press. Consultate le 8 Nov 2014.
↑ Etymologia: latino: medicina, de ars medicina "le arte del medicina", de medicus "medico". (Etym.Online) Cf. mederi "pro sanar", etym. "Cognose le mejior course pro", de PIE base *med- "pro mesurar, limit. Cf. Grec medos "consilio, plan", Avestan vi-mad "medico"
↑ "Medicine" Online Etymology Dictionary
↑ "Dictionary, medicine". Consultate le 2 Dec 2013.
↑ Colquhoun, D (2013). "Acupuncture is a theatrical placebo: the end of a myth" (PDF). Anesthesia & Analgesia 116 (6): 1360–1363. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e31828f2d5e. PMID 23709076.
↑ Acupuncture (PDQ®). National Cancer Institute. Recuperate le 15 Sep 2013.

[1] "Medicine, n.1". Oxford University Press (September 2014). Consultate le 8 Nov 2014.

[2] "Medicine". Oxford University Press. Consultate le 8 Nov 2014.

[3] Etymologia: latino: medicina, de ars medicina "le arte del medicina", de medicus "medico". (Etym.Online) Cf. mederi "pro sanar", etym. "Cognose le mejior course pro", de PIE base *med- "pro mesurar, limit. Cf. Grec medos "consilio, plan", Avestan vi-mad "medico"

[4] "Medicine" Online Etymology Dictionary

[5] "Dictionary, medicine". Consultate le 2 Dec 2013.

[Colquhoun2013-6] Colquhoun, D (2013). "Acupuncture is a theatrical placebo: the end of a myth" (PDF). Anesthesia & Analgesia 116 (6): 1360–1363. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e31828f2d5e. PMID 23709076.

[nciacupuncture-7] Acupuncture (PDQ®). National Cancer Institute. Recuperate le 15 Sep 2013.

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@@ Linea 3: / Linea 3: @@
 Le '''medicina''' ([me-di-tsí-na]) es le [[scientia]] e practica de [[diagnosis]], [[therapia|tractamento]], e [[Medicina preventive|prevention]] de [[maladia]]s in le corpore human.<ref>{{cita web |title=Medicine, n.1 |url= http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/115715?result=1&rskey=YZWqVc& |encyclopedia=OED Online |date=September 2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |accessdate=8 Nov 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cita web |title=Medicine |url= http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/medicine?q=medicine |encyclopedia=[[Oxford Dictionaries Online]] |publisher=Oxford University Press |accessdate=8 Nov 2014}}</ref> Le parola "medicina" on deriva del [[Latin]] ''medicus'', significante "un medico".<ref>Etymologia: {{lang-la|medicina}}, de ''ars medicina'' "le arte del medicina", de ''medicus'' "medico". ([http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=medicine Etym.Online]) Cf. ''mederi'' "pro sanar", etym. "Cognose le mejior course pro", de [[Proto-Indo-European language|PIE]] base *med- "pro mesurar, limit. Cf. [[Linguage Grec|Grec]] ''medos'' "consilio, plan", [[Linguage Avestan|Avestan]] ''vi-mad'' "medico"</ref><ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=medicine "Medicine"] ''Online Etymology Dictionary''</ref> Le Medicina comprende un varietate de practicas pro [[reguardo del sanitate]] disveloppate pro mantener e restaurar le [[sanitate]] pro le [[prevention (medica)|prevention]] e le [[therapia|tractamento]] del [[maladia]]. Le medicina contemporanee applica le [[scientia biomedicas]], [[reserca biomedicas]], [[medicina genetica|genetica]], e [[technologia medica]] pro diagnosticar tractar e prevenir lesiones e maladias, generalmente per medio de pharmacos o [[chirurgia]], pro etiam per medio de therapias tanto differente como [[psychotherapia]], [[ferulas (medicina)|ferula e traction externas]], [[instrumentos medicos]], [[producto medico biologico|biologic]], e [[Radiation (medicina)|radiation ionisante]] e alteres.<ref>{{cita web | url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/medicine | title=Dictionary, medicine | accessdate=2 Dec 2013}}</ref>
-Medicine has existed for thousands of years, during most of which it was an art (an area of skill and knowledge) frequently having connections to the [[religion|religious]] and [[philosophy|philosophical]] beliefs of local culture. For example, a [[medicine man]] would apply herbs and say [[prayer]]s for healing, or an ancient philosopher and [[physician]] would apply [[bloodletting]] according to the theories of [[humorism]]. In recent centuries, since the [[history of science|advent of modern science]], most medicine has become a combination of art and science (both [[fundamental science|basic]] and [[applied science|applied]], under the [[umbrella term|umbrella]] of '''medical science'''). While stitching technique for [[surgical suture|sutures]] is an art learned through practice, the knowledge of what happens at the [[cytology|cellular]] and [[molecular medicine|molecular]] level in the tissues being stitched arises through science.
+Le Medicina existeva per mille de annos, dum le majoritate del cual esseva un arte (un area de habilitate e cognoscentia) e frequentemente haveva connecxiones con le credentia [[religion|religiose]] e [[philosophia|philosophic]] del cultura local. Per exemplo, un [[shaman]] aplicava herbas e [[precar|precava]] pro sanar, o un ancian philosopho e [[medico]] qui applicarea [[sanguine]] de accordo con le theorias del [[humorismo]]. In recente seculos, desde le [[historia del scientia|advenimento del scientia moderne]], le majiorie del medicina ha convertite un combination de arte e scientia (tanto [[scientia fundamental|basic]] e [[science applicada|applicate]], basse le [[parapluvia]] del ''' scientia medica'''). Durante que le technic pro le [[suture chirurgic|suturas]] es un arte apprendite per le practica, le cognoscimento del que eveni a nivello [[cytologia|cellular]] e [[medicina molecular|molecular]] in le texite que on suer surge per le scientia.
-Prescientific forms of medicine are now known as [[traditional medicine]] and [[folk medicine]]. They remain commonly used with or instead of scientific medicine and are thus called [[alternative medicine]]. For example, evidence on the effectiveness of [[acupuncture]] is "variable and inconsistent" for any condition,<ref name=Colquhoun2013>{{cite journal | last = Colquhoun | first = D | authorlink = David Colquhoun |author2= [[Steven Novella|Novella S]] | pmid = 23709076 | url = http://www.dcscience.net/Colquhoun-Novella-A&A-2013.pdf | format = PDF | title = Acupuncture is a theatrical placebo: the end of a myth | journal = Anesthesia & Analgesia | volume = 116 | issue = 6 | year = 2013 | pages = 1360–1363 | doi=10.1213/ANE.0b013e31828f2d5e}}</ref> but is generally safe when done by an appropriately trained practitioner.<ref name="nciacupuncture">{{cite web|title=Acupuncture (PDQ®)|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/acupuncture/healthprofessional/page6|publisher=[[National Cancer Institute]]|accessdate=15 Sep 2013}}</ref> In contrast, treatments outside the bounds of safety and efficacy are termed [[quackery]].
+Le formas del medicina prescientific alora es cognoscite como [[medicina traditional]] e [[medicina popular]]. Seque essendo de uso commun con o in vice de le medicina scientista e es appelate [[medicina alternative]]. Per exemplo, le evidentia super le efficacia del [[acupunctura]] es "variable e inconsistente" pro ulle condition,<ref name=Colquhoun2013>{{cite journal | last = Colquhoun | first = D | authorlink = David Colquhoun |author2= [[Steven Novella|Novella S]] | pmid = 23709076 | url = http://www.dcscience.net/Colquhoun-Novella-A&A-2013.pdf | format = PDF | title = Acupuncture is a theatrical placebo: the end of a myth | journal = Anesthesia & Analgesia | volume = 116 | issue = 6 | year = 2013 | pages = 1360–1363 | doi=10.1213/ANE.0b013e31828f2d5e}}</ref> ma generalmente es secur queando es realisate por un professional.<ref name="nciacupuncture">{{cite web|title=Acupuncture (PDQ®)|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/acupuncture/healthprofessional/page6|publisher=[[National Cancer Institute]]|accessdate=15 Sep 2013}}</ref> In contrasto, le tractamentos fora del limites del seguritate e efficacia es nominate [[charlataneria]].
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