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{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
| image = Bulbophyllum echinolabium.jpg
| image = Bulbophyllum echinolabium.jpg
| image_caption = ''Bulbophyllum echinolabium''
| image_caption = ''Bulbophyllum echinolabium''
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]]
| unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]]
| unranked_classis = [[Monocotyledones]]
| unranked_classis = [[Monocotyledones]]
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Epidendroideae]]
| subfamilia = [[Epidendroideae]]
| tribus = [[Podochilaeae]]
| tribus = [[Malaxideae]]
| subtribus = [[Bulbophyllinae]]
| subtribus = [[Dendrobieae]]
| genus = '''''Bulbophyllum'''''
| genus = '''''Bulbophyllum'''''
| genus_authority = [[Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars|Thouars]], 1822
| genus_authority = [[Ludovicus Maria Albertus du Petit-Thouars|Thouars]]
⚫
| synonyms = *''Anisopetalum'' Hkr. 1825.
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = [[Index specierum Bulbophyllorum]]<br />
<small>
1805 species, including:<br />
''Bulb. barbigerum'' ([[Bearded Bulbophylllum]])<br />
⚫
''[[Bulbophyllum beccarii|Bulb. beccarii]]''<br />
''Bulb. crassulifolium'' ([[Wheat-leaved Bulbophyllum]])<br />
⚫
''[[Bulbophyllum falcatum|Bulb. falcatum]]''<br />
''Bulb. flaviflorum'' ([[Golden comb orchid]])<br />
''[[Bulbophyllum fletcherianum|Bulb. fletcherianum]]'' (Tongue Orchid)<br />
''[[Bulbophyllum globuliforme|Bulb. globuliforme]]''<br />
''[[Bulbophyllum macphersonii|Bulb. macphersonii]]''<br />
''Bulb. macraei'' ([[Wu-lai cirrous orchid]])<br />
''Bulb. makayanum'' ([[Daisy orchid]])<br />
''[[Bulbophyllum medusae|Bulb. medusae]]''<br />
''Bulb. pachyrhachis'' ([[Rattail orchid]])<br />
''Bulb. purpurea'' ([[Lizard Orchid]])<br />
''Bulb. retusiusculum'' ([[Yellow comb orchid]])<br />
''Bulb. transarisanense'' ([[Lily Orchid|Lily orchid]])<br />
</small>
⚫
| synonyms = *''Anisopetalum'' Hkr. 1825.
* ''Bolbophyllaria'' Rchb.f 1852.
* ''Bolbophyllaria'' Rchb.f 1852.
* ''Bolbophyllum'' Spreng. 1826.
* ''Bolbophyllum'' Spreng. 1826.
Linea 60: Linea 40:
* ''Zygoglossum'' Reinw. 1826 [1828].
* ''Zygoglossum'' Reinw. 1826 [1828].
|}}
|}}
'''''Bulbophyllum''''' est maximum [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Orchidaceae|Orchidacearum]] [[genus (taxinomia)|genus]], quod, circa 1803 [[species|specierum]] habens, unum est maximorum in omne [[planta]]rum regno generum, post ''[[Senecio]]nem'' et ''[[Euphorbia]]m.'' Sigla generis in diurnis commercii<!--trade journals--> est ''Bulb.''
'''''Bulbophyllum''''' est maximum [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Orchidaceae|Orchidacearum]] [[genus (taxinomia)|genus]], quod, circa 1803 [[species|specierum]] habens, unum est maximorum in omne [[planta]]rum regno generum, post ''[[Senecio]]nem'' et ''[[Euphorbia]]m.'' Sigla generis in [[diurnum|diurnis]] commercii est ''Bulb.''


== Descriptio ==
== Descriptio ==
Genus a [[Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars|Ludovico-Maria Aubert du Petit-Thouars]] (siglo ''Thouars'') primum descriptum est in libro ''Histoire particulière des plantes orchidées recueillies sur les trois Iles Australes d’Afrique, de France, de Bourbon et de Madagascar,'' qui septendecim Bulbophylli species describit. Generi hodie sunt plus quam 2,800 documentorum (nominum acceptorum et nominum idem significantium).<!-- This large number and the great variety of its forms make this genus a nightmare for a taxonomist:--> [[Taxonomia|Taxonomistae]] 120 sectiones et subgenera invenerunt. Aliae [[planta]]e statum genericum fortasse commerentur. Nonnullis speciebus adeo sunt nomina idem significantia. Communis huius generis recognitio hactenus caret; sed, ut [[Carlyle A. Luer]] [[Hortus Botanicus Missuriensis|Horti Botanici Missuriensis]] confusionem similem inter [[Pleurothallidinae|Pleurothallidinas]] explicavit, ita investigatio [[phylogenetic]]a scientiam generis emendare expectatur.
Genus a [[Ludovicus Maria Albertus du Petit-Thouars|Ludovico-Maria Alberto du Petit-Thouars]] (siglo ''Thouars'') anno [[1822]] primum descriptum est in libro ''Histoire particulière des plantes orchidées recueillies sur les trois Iles Australes d’Afrique, de France, de Bourbon et de Madagascar,'' qui septendecim Bulbophylli species describit. Generi hodie sunt plus quam 2,800 documentorum (nominum acceptorum et nominum idem significantium).<!-- This large number and the great variety of its forms make this genus a nightmare for a taxonomist:--> [[Taxonomia|Taxonomistae]] 120 sectiones et subgenera invenerunt. Aliae [[planta]]e statum genericum fortasse commerentur. Nonnullis speciebus adeo sunt nomina idem significantia. Communis huius generis recognitio hactenus caret; sed, ut [[Carlyle A. Luer]] [[Hortus Botanicus Missuriensis|Horti Botanici Missuriensis]] confusionem similem inter [[Pleurothallidinae|Pleurothallidinas]] explicavit, ita investigatio [[phylogenetic]]a scientiam generis emendare expectatur.


Nomen scientificum de verbo [[Lingua Latina|Latino]] ''bulbo'' et verbo [[Lingua Graeca|Graeco]] ''phyllon'' deducitur, quod attinet ad [[pseudobulbum]] super quem [[folium]] crescit.
Nomen scientificum de verbo [[Lingua Latina|Latino]] ''bulbo'' et verbo [[Lingua Graeca|Graeco]] ''phyllon'' deducitur, quod attinet ad [[pseudobulbum]] super quem [[folium]] crescit.


Duae parvae veteresque species [[Australia]]nae, ''B. globuliforme'' et ''B. minutissimum,'' anno [[1961]] in novo genere, ''[[Oncophyllum|Oncophyllo]],'' positae sunt, in quo eae sunt solae species, nunc ''[[Oncophyllum globuliforme]]'' et ''[[Oncophyllum minutissimum]]'' nominatae.<ref>D. L. Jones et M. A. Clements, ''Orchadian'' 13(9):421 (2001).</ref>
Duae parvae veteresque species [[Australia]]nae, ''B. globuliforme'' et ''B. minutissimum,'' anno [[1961]] in novo genere, ''[[Oncophyllum|Oncophyllo]],'' positae sunt, in quo eae sunt solae species, nunc ''[[Oncophyllum globuliforme]]'' et ''[[Oncophyllum minutissimum]]'' nominatae.<ref>D. L. Jones et M. A. Clements, ''Orchadian'' 13 (9): 421 (2001).</ref>


Media generis diversitas est in<!-- montage (=?)--> [[silva|silvis]] [[Papua Nova Guinea|Papuae Novae Guineae]] (plus quam 600 species), [[evolutio]]naria ut videtur patria, quamquam genus est pantropicum et longe lateque diffusum, inventum in [[Australia]], [[Asia Meridionalis|Asia Meridionali]] (cum plus quam 200 speciebus in [[Borneo]]), [[Africa]], [[Madagascaria]] (cum 135 speciebus, aliquibus [[endemismus|endemicis]]), et in tropica [[America Media]] et [[America Meridionalis|Meridionali]].
Media generis diversitas est in<!-- montage (=?)--> [[silva|silvis]] [[Papua Nova Guinea|Papuae Novae Guineae]] (plus quam 600 species), [[evolutio]]naria ut videtur patria, quamquam genus est pantropicum et longe lateque diffusum, inventum in [[Australia]], [[Asia Meridionalis|Asia Meridionali]] (cum plus quam 200 speciebus in [[Borneo]]), [[Africa]], [[Madagascaria]] (cum 135 speciebus, aliquibus [[endemismus|endemicis]]), et in tropica [[America Media]] et [[America Meridionalis|Meridionali]].


Communes generis proprietates sunt [[pseudobulbus|pseudobulbi]] unius nodi, [[inflorescentia]] basalis, et mobile [[flos|floris]] [[labium]].<!--
Communes generis proprietates sunt [[pseudobulbus|pseudobulbi]] unius nodi, [[inflorescentia]] basalis, et mobile [[flos|floris]] [[labium]].

This genus covers an incredible range of vegetative forms, from tall plants with cane-like stems, to root climbers that wind or creep their way up tree trunks. Other members are pendulous [[epiphyte]]s (growing on other plants), and quite a number that have developed succulent foliage to a greater or lesser degree. Some species are [[lithophyte|lithophytic]]. One species has almost become leafless and uses its [[pseudobulb]]s as the organs of [[photosynthesis]].

These orchids with a [[sympodial]] growth have [[rhizome|rhizomatous]] stems with often angled [[pseudobulb]]s. The thin to leathery leaves are folded lengthwise.

Many ''Bulbophyllum'' species have the typical odor of [[Decomposition|rotting]] [[carcass]]es, and the [[Fly|flies]] they attract assist in their reproduction through [[pollination]].

The erect to pendent [[inflorescence]] arises laterally from the base of the pseudobulb. The flower form has a basic structural blueprint that serves to identify this genus. But this form can be very diverse : compound or single, with few to many flowers, with the [[resupination|resupinate]] flowers arranged spirally or in two vertical ranks. The [[sepal]]s and the [[petal]]s can also be very varied : straight or turned down, without footstalk or with a long claw at the base. They are often hairy of callous. There are two to four hard and waxy [[pollinia]] with [[stipe (botany)|stipes]] present or absent. The fruits are beakless capsules. -->


Aliquibus speciebus sunt egregiae [[vegetatio]]nis et [[flos|floris]] formae:
Aliquibus speciebus sunt egregiae [[vegetatio]]nis et [[flos|floris]] formae:
Linea 85: Linea 57:
* ''[[Bulbophyllum barbigerum]]''
* ''[[Bulbophyllum barbigerum]]''
* ''[[Bulbophyllum falcatum]]''
* ''[[Bulbophyllum falcatum]]''
⚫
* ''[[Bulbophyllum longiscapum]]''
* ''[[Bulbophyllum macphersonii]]''
* ''[[Bulbophyllum macphersonii]]''
* ''[[Bulbophyllum medusae]]''
* ''[[Bulbophyllum medusae]]''
⚫
* ''[[Bulbophyllum samoanum]]''


Novae species quotannis inveniuntur; exempli gratia:
Novae species quotannis inveniuntur; exempli gratia:
Linea 107: Linea 81:
* ''[[Bulbophyllum tokioi]],'' endangered{{dubsig}}
* ''[[Bulbophyllum tokioi]],'' endangered{{dubsig}}


Etiam, ''[[Bulbophyllum porphyrostachys]]'' in indice rubro "near threatened" stat.
Etiam ''[[Bulbophyllum porphyrostachys]]'' in indice rubro "near threatened" stat.


== Pinacotheca ==
== Pinacotheca ==
Linea 125: Linea 99:


== Nexus externi ==
== Nexus externi ==
{{Commons}}
{{CommuniaCat}}
{{Fontes de plantis}}
* [http://www.bulbophyllum.at/index.php?l=english Pagina ''Bulbophyllum'']
* [http://www.bulbophyllum.at/index.php?l=english Pagina ''Bulbophyllum'']
* [http://bulbophyllum-checklist.bulbophyllum.at/ Index ''Bulbophyllorum'']
* [http://bulbophyllum-checklist.bulbophyllum.at/ Index ''Bulbophyllorum'']


[[Categoria:Bulbophyllum|*]]
[[Categoria:Genera plantarum]]{{Titulus italicus}}
⚫
[[Categoria:Bulbophyllum|!]]

[[Categoria:Taxa Thouars]]
[[az:Bulbofillium]]
[[Categoria:Taxa 1822]]
⚫
[[de:Bulbophyllum]]
[[en:Bulbophyllum]]
[[es:Bulbophyllum]]
[[fr:Bulbophyllum]]
[[it:Bulbophyllum]]
[[ja:マメヅタラン属]]
[[koi:Бульбофиллум]]
[[kv:Бульбофиллум]]
[[lt:Gumblapis]]
[[mdf:Бульбофиллум]]
[[mhr:Бульбофиллум]]
[[mrj:Бульбофиллум]]
[[nl:Bulbophyllum]]
[[pt:Bulbophyllum]]
[[ru:Бульбофиллюм]]
[[sk:Bulbophyllum]]
[[udm:Бульбофиллюм]]
[[vi:Bulbophyllum]]

Redactio novissime (die 21 Iulii 2022, hora 17:55) facta

Bulbophyllum echinolabium
Monocotyledones 
Ordo : Asparagales 
Familia : Orchidaceae 
Subfamilia : Epidendroideae 
Tribus : Malaxideae 
Subtribus : Dendrobieae 
Genus : Bulbophyllum 
Thouars
   
Synonyma
*Anisopetalum Hkr. 1825.
  • Bolbophyllaria Rchb.f 1852.
  • Bolbophyllum Spreng. 1826.
  • Cochlia Bl. 1825.
  • Didactyle Lindley 1852.
  • Diphyes Bl. 1825.
  • Ephippium Blume 1825.
  • Epicranthes Bl. 1825.
  • Epicrianthes Bl. 1828.
  • Gersinia Neraud. 1826.
  • Henosis Hkr.f 1890.
  • Katherinea A. D. Hawkes 1956.
  • Lyraea Lindl. 1830.
  • Macrolepis A. Rich. 1834.
  • Malachadenia Lindley 1839.
  • Megaclinium Lindley 1826.
  • Odontostyles Breda 1827.
  • Osyricera Bl. 1825.
  • Oxysepala Wight 1851.
  • Phyllorchis Thou. 1822.
  • Sarcopodium Lindley & Paxton 1850.
  • Sestochilos Breda 1828.
  • Sunipia Lindley 1826.
  • Taurostalix Rchb.f. 1852.
  • Tribrachia Lindley 1824.
  • Xiphizusa Rchb.f 1852.
  • Zygoglossum Reinw. 1826 [1828].

Bulbophyllum est maximum familiae Orchidacearum genus, quod, circa 1803 specierum habens, unum est maximorum in omne plantarum regno generum, post Senecionem et Euphorbiam. Sigla generis in diurnis commercii est Bulb.

Descriptio[recensere | fontem recensere]

Genus a Ludovico-Maria Alberto du Petit-Thouars (siglo Thouars) anno 1822 primum descriptum est in libro Histoire particulière des plantes orchidées recueillies sur les trois Iles Australes d’Afrique, de France, de Bourbon et de Madagascar, qui septendecim Bulbophylli species describit. Generi hodie sunt plus quam 2,800 documentorum (nominum acceptorum et nominum idem significantium). Taxonomistae 120 sectiones et subgenera invenerunt. Aliae plantae statum genericum fortasse commerentur. Nonnullis speciebus adeo sunt nomina idem significantia. Communis huius generis recognitio hactenus caret; sed, ut Carlyle A. Luer Horti Botanici Missuriensis confusionem similem inter Pleurothallidinas explicavit, ita investigatio phylogenetica scientiam generis emendare expectatur.

Nomen scientificum de verbo Latino bulbo et verbo Graeco phyllon deducitur, quod attinet ad pseudobulbum super quem folium crescit.

Duae parvae veteresque species Australianae, B. globuliforme et B. minutissimum, anno 1961 in novo genere, Oncophyllo, positae sunt, in quo eae sunt solae species, nunc Oncophyllum globuliforme et Oncophyllum minutissimum nominatae.[1]

Media generis diversitas est in silvis Papuae Novae Guineae (plus quam 600 species), evolutionaria ut videtur patria, quamquam genus est pantropicum et longe lateque diffusum, inventum in Australia, Asia Meridionali (cum plus quam 200 speciebus in Borneo), Africa, Madagascaria (cum 135 speciebus, aliquibus endemicis), et in tropica America Media et Meridionali.

Communes generis proprietates sunt pseudobulbi unius nodi, inflorescentia basalis, et mobile floris labium.

Aliquibus speciebus sunt egregiae vegetationis et floris formae:

Novae species quotannis inveniuntur; exempli gratia:

Est una hybrida intergenerica: Triasphyllum, plenius Bulbophyllum × Trias (siglo Tphm.).

Status conservationis[recensere | fontem recensere]

Secundum World Conservation Union (IUCN), detrimentum habitationis multis Bulbophylli speciebus exstinctionem minatur:

Etiam Bulbophyllum porphyrostachys in indice rubro "near threatened" stat.

Pinacotheca[recensere | fontem recensere]

  • Bulbophyllum falcatum
    Bulbophyllum falcatum
  • Bulbophyllum lepidum
    Bulbophyllum lepidum
  • Bulbophyllum putidum
    Bulbophyllum putidum
  • Bulbophyllum pectenveneris
    Bulbophyllum pectenveneris

Notae[recensere | fontem recensere]

  1. ↑ D. L. Jones et M. A. Clements, Orchadian 13 (9): 421 (2001).

Bibliographia[recensere | fontem recensere]

  • Vermeulen, J. J. 1993. A taxonomic revision of Bulbophyllum, sections Adelopetalum, Lepanthanthe, Macrouris, Pelma, Peltopus, and Uncifera (Orchidaceae). Orchid Monographs, 7. ISBN 90-71236-17-X.
  • Siegerist, E. S. 2001. Bulbophyllums and their allies. ISBN 0-88192-506-3.

Nexus externi[recensere | fontem recensere]

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Bulbophyllum spectant.
Situs scientifici: Tropicos • GRIN • ITIS • NCBI • Biodiversity • Encyclopedia of Life • Plant Name Index • Plantes d'Afrique • Flora of China • Flora of North America • USDA Plants Database
Receptum de "https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bulbophyllum&oldid=3693890"