Сухая кладка

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Seventeenth century dry stone wall at Muchalls Castle, Scotland

Inca wall of dry stone construction in Cusco, Peru

Intihuatana ritual buildings of dry stone at Machu Picchu, Peru

The Lion Gate of the Mycenae acropolis is dry stone

Сухая кладка — is a building method by which structures are constructed from stones without any mortar to bind them together. Dry stone structures are stable because of their unique construction method, which is characterized by the presence of a load-bearing facade of carefully-selected interlocking stones. Dry-stone technology is best known as wall construction, but dry stone buildings, bridges, and other structures also exist.

Some dry-stone wall constructions in north-west Europe have been dated back to the Neolithic Age. Many Cornish hedges are believed to date from 4000 B.C., although there appears to be little dating evidence. In County Mayo, Ireland, an entire field system made from dry-stone walls, since covered in peat, have been carbon-dated to 3800 B.C. The cyclopean walls of the acropolis of Mycenae have been dated to 1350 B.C. and those of Tiryns slightly earlier. In Belize, the Mayan ruins at Lubaantun illustrate use of dry stone construction in architecture of the eighth and ninth century AD.

Литература

• Murray-Wooley, Carolyn and Karl Raitz. Rock Fences of the Bluegrass, University Press of Kentucky. 1992.
• Francis Pryor, Britain BC, Harper Perennial. 2003.
• Colonel F. Rainsford-Hannay, Dry Stone Walling, Faber & Faber. 1957

Галерея

• 
  Medieval Drystone wall in the Ottenby Reserve, Oland, Sweden
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  Inca wall of dry stone in Sacsayhuamán fortress, Cusco, Peru
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  Completed end section of dry stone wall in south Wales UK
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  Dry stone wall with window in Bignasco, Switzerland (Swiss-Italian part)
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  Detail of a dry stone wall in the Yorkshire Dales
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  Adding dry stone wall to convert the space under the large rock into the functional building near Bignasco, Switzerland
• 
  Inca wall of dry stone at Machu Picchu, Peru
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  Bluegrass and rock fence of local limestone in central Kentucky
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  A rock fence
• 
  The dry stone arch, so called Porta Rosa (half of the IV Century b.C.), in Elea, Magna Graecia
• 
  Showing a "sheep creep" in a drystone wall on Dartmoor UK

См. также

• Каирн
• Брох (Шотландия)

Ссылки

• Dry Stone Walling Association of Canada
• Dry Stone Walls Association of Australia
• Dry Stone Walling Association of Great Britain
• The Guild of Cornish Hedgers
• British Trust for Conservation Volunteers skills page on dyking
• BTCV dry stone walling book
• Current Archaeology notes on Working Holidays repairing dry stone walls
• Dry Stone Conservancy, dedicated to preserving and promoting dry stone masonry
• Stone-Line, Group of the Swiss dry stone masons
• SVTSM, Association of the professional Swiss dry stone masons
• Umwelteinsatz, Drystone activity of the Swiss Foundation for Environmental Action
• The Character of a Wall. The changing construction of agricultural (dry stone) walls on the island of Gozo, Malta Article by Adam Thompson based on anthropological field research. Omertaa, Journal for Applied Anthropology (www.xpeditions.eu)