Sodium carbonate
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Sodium carbonate (kent as washin soda, soda ash an soda crystals an aw), Na2CO3, is a sodium saut o carbonic acid (soluble in watter).
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Names | |||
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IUPAC name
Sodium carbonate
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Ither names
Soda ash, Washin soda, Soda crystals
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Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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ChEBI | |||
ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider | |||
PubChem CID
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RTECS nummer | VZ4050000 | ||
UNII | |||
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Properties | |||
Na2CO3 | |||
Molar mass | 105.9888 g/mol | ||
Appearance | White solid, hygroscopic | ||
Odour | Odorless | ||
Density | 2.54 g/cm3 (25 °C, anhydrous) 1.92 g/cm3 (856 °C) 2.25 g/cm3 (monohydrate)[1] 1.51 g/cm3 (heptahydrate) 1.46 g/cm3 (decahydrate)[2] | ||
Meltin pynt | 851 °C (1,564 °F; 1,124 K) | ||
Decahydrate: 7 g/100 mL (0 °C) 16.4 g/100 mL (15 °C) 34.07 g/100 mL (27.8 °C) Heptahydrate: 48.69 g/100 mL (34.8 °C) Monohydrate: 50.31 g/100 mL (29.9 °C) 48.1 g/100 mL (41.9 °C) 45.62 g/100 mL (60 °C) 43.6 g/100 mL (100 °C)[3] | |||
Solubility | Soluble in aq. alkalis,[3] glycerol Slichtly soluble in aq. alcohol Insoluble in CS2, acetone, alkyl acetates, alcohol, benzonitrile, liquid ammonia[4] | ||
Solubility in glycerine | 98.3 g/100 g (15.5 °C)[4] | ||
Solubility in ethanediol | 3.46 g/100 g (20 °C)[5] | ||
Solubility in dimethylformamide | 0.5 g/kg[5] | ||
Basicity (pKb) | 3.67 | ||
Magnetic susceptibility | −4.1·10−5 cm3/mol[2] | ||
Refractive index (nD) | 1.485 (anhydrous) 1.420 (monohydrate)[6] 1.405 (decahydrate) | ||
Viscosity | 3.4 cP (887 °C)[5] | ||
Structur | |||
Monoclinic (γ-form, β-form, δ-form, anhydrous)[7] Orthorhombic (monohydrate, heptahydrate)[1][8] | |||
Space group | C2/m, No. 12 (γ-form, anhydrous, 170 K) C2/m, No. 12 (β-form, anhydrous, 628 K) P21/n, No. 14 (δ-form, anhydrous, 110 K)[7] Pca21, No. 29 (monohydrate)[1] Pbca, No. 61 (heptahydrate)[8] | ||
Pynt group | 2/m (γ-form, β-form, δ-form, anhydrous)[7] mm2 (monohydrate)[1] 2/m 2/m 2/m (heptahydrate)[8] | ||
a = 8.920(7) Å, b = 5.245(5) Å, c = 6.050(5) Å (γ-form, anhydrous, 295 K)[7] α = 90°, β = 101.35(8)°, γ = 90°
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Octahedral (Na+, anhydrous) | |||
Thermochemistry | |||
Speceefic heat capacity, C | 112.3 J/mol·K[2] | ||
Staundart molar entropy S |
135 J/mol·K[2] | ||
Std enthalpy o formation ΔfH |
−1130.7 kJ/mol[2][5] | ||
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG˚)
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−1044.4 kJ/mol[2] | ||
Hazards | |||
GHS pictograms | |||
GHS signal wird | Warning | ||
GHS hazard statements | H319[9] | ||
GHS precautionary statements | P305+351+338[9] | ||
NFPA 704 | |||
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (Median dose)
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4090 mg/kg (rat, oral) [10] | ||
Relatit compoonds | |||
Ither anions
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Sodium bicarbonate | ||
Ither cations
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Lithium carbonate Potassium carbonate Rubidium carbonate Caesium carbonate | ||
Relatit compoonds
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Sodium sesquicarbonate Sodium percarbonate | ||
Except whaur itherwise notit, data are gien for materials in thair staundart state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
Infobox references | |||
References
eedit- ↑ a b c d Harper, J.P (1936). Antipov, Evgeny; Bismayer, Ulrich; Huppertz, Hubert; Petrícek, Václav; Pöttgen, Rainer; Schmahl, Wolfgang; Tiekink, E.R.T.; Zou, Xiaodong (eds.). "Crystal Structure of Sodium Carbonate Monohydrate, Na2CO3. H2O". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. De Gruyter. 95 (1): 266–273. doi:10.1524/zkri.1936.95.1.266. ISSN 2196-7105. Retrieved 25 Julie 2014.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Lide, David R., ed. (2009). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (90th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-9084-0.
- ↑ a b Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1919). Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (2nd ed.). New York: D. Van Nostrand Company. p. 633.
- ↑ a b Comey, Arthur Messinger; Hahn, Dorothy A. (1921-02). A Dictionary of Chemical Solubilities: Inorganic (2nd ed.). New York: The MacMillan Company. p. 208–209. Check date values in:
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(help) - ↑ a b c d Anatolievich, Kiper Ruslan. "sodium carbonate". http://chemister.ru. Archived frae the original on 6 Mey 2014. Retrieved 25 Julie 2014. freemit airtin in
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(help) - ↑ a b Pradyot, Patnaik (2003). Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. p. 861. ISBN 0-07-049439-8.
- ↑ a b c d Dusek, Michal; Chapuis, Gervais; Meyer, Mathias; Petricek, Vaclav (2003). "Sodium carbonate revisited" (PDF). Acta Crystallographica Section B. International Union of Crystallography. 59 (3): 337–352. doi:10.1107/S0108768103009017. ISSN 0108-7681. Retrieved 25 Julie 2014.
- ↑ a b c Betzel, C.; Saenger, W.; Loewus, D. (1982). "Sodium Carbonate Heptahydrate". Acta Crystallographica Section B. International Union of Crystallography. 38 (11): 2802–2804. doi:10.1107/S0567740882009996.
- ↑ a b c Sigma-Aldrich Co. Retrieved on 2014-05-06.
- ↑ http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/497-19-8
- ↑ "Material Safety Data Sheet – Sodium Carbonate, Anhydrous" (PDF). http://www.conservationsupportsystems.com. ConservationSupportSystems. Retrieved 25 Julie 2014. freemit airtin in
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