Carbon monoxide: Difference between revisions

Carbon monoxide
Wireframe model of carbon monoxide	Spacefill model of carbon monoxide
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name Carbon monoxide
	Other names Carbon monooxide; Carbonous oxide; Carbon(II) oxide; Carbonyl
Identifiers
CAS Number	630-08-0 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Beilstein Reference	3587264
ChEBI	CHEBI:17245 ;
ChemSpider	275 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.010.118
EC Number	211-128-3;
Gmelin Reference	421
KEGG	D09706 ;
MeSH	Carbon+monoxide
PubChem CID	281;
RTECS number	FG3500000;
UNII	7U1EE4V452 ;
UN number	1016
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5027273 ;
	SMILES [C-]#[O+];
Properties
Chemical formula	CO
Molar mass	28.010 g mol−1
Appearance	colourless, odorless gas
Density	0.789 g mL−1, liquid; 1.250 g L−1 at 0 °C, 1 atm; 1.145 g L−1 at 25 °C, 1 atm
Melting point	−205 °C (−337.0 °F; 68.1 K)
Boiling point	−191.5 °C (−312.7 °F; 81.6 K)
Solubility in water	2.6 mg/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility	soluble in chloroform, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, ethanol, ammonium hydroxide
Dipole moment	0.112 D
Hazards
MSDS	ICSC 0023
EU classification	Highly flammable (F+); Very toxic (T+)
EU Index	006-001-00-2
	4 4 2
R-phrases	R61 R12 R26 R48/23
S-phrases	S53 S45
Flash point	−191 °C
Autoignition; temperature	609 °C
Related compounds
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references

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Revision as of 07:07, 3 December 2016

Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas. It consists of one carbon atom covalently bonded to one oxygen atom. It is made when carbon compounds burn and there is not enough oxygen. It is a good fuel and burns in air with a blue flame, making carbon dioxide. It is very toxic, but it is useful for modern technology as well.

The most important use for carbon monoxide in industry is making iron from iron ore. The carbon monoxide takes the oxygen from the iron ore when heated in a large oven called a blast furnace. Liquid metal iron is left behind. The carbon monoxide turns into carbon dioxide.

Carbon monoxide can accidentally form when there is too little air to burn all the fuel into carbon dioxide. Such a situation may happen if the oven shutters are closed too early or if a mobile cooker is used in a small tent with no ventilation (Ventilation is fresh air coming in and smoke going out). Many people have died from carbon monoxide poisoning. Carbon monoxide poisoning can cause feelings of paranoia and hallucinations, and has been determined to be a major cause of "haunted" houses. Small amounts of it are found in coal gas, a fuel produced by heating coal without any air.

Production

Despite that it is a poison, carbon monoxide is very useful in chemical industry so lots of ways of making it have been discovered.^[1] Normally we burn coke at high temperature with not enough oxygen. The chemical equation for this is:

2C + O₂ → 2CO

It can be also made by blowing hot steam through red-hot crushed coke

C + H₂O → CO + H₂

Carbon monoxide can be used as heating fuel because it burns easily into carbon dioxide. It can also be used as so-called "synthesis gas" for making man-made gasoline in the Fischer-Tropsch process.

During the World War II when petrol was rare and reserved for the military, many cars were converted to use wood gas. It is carbon monoxide made by burning wood chips in insufficient amount of air. The wood gas was made in a special oven called generator, which was carried on the car. The resulting carbon monoxide was then used as fuel for the car itself. Even today there are cars which use wood gas as fuel.

References

↑ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.

Other websites

[1] Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.

[1]

@@ Line 67: / Line 67: @@
 The most important use for carbon monoxide in industry is making [[iron]] from iron ore. The carbon monoxide takes the oxygen from the iron ore when heated in a large oven called a [[blast furnace]]. Liquid metal iron is left behind. The carbon monoxide turns into [[carbon dioxide]].
-Carbon monoxide can accidentally form when there are too little air to burn all the fuel into [[carbon dioxide]]. Such situation may happen if the oven shutters are closed too early or if a mobile cooker is used in a small tent with no ventilation (= fresh air coming in and smoke going out). Many people have died from carbon monoxide poisoning. Carbon monoxide poisoning can cause feelings of paranoia and hallucinations, and has been determined to be a major cause of [[Haunted house|"haunted" houses]]. Small amounts of it are found in coal gas, a fuel produced by heating coal without any air.
+Carbon monoxide can accidentally form when there is too little air to burn all the fuel into [[carbon dioxide]]. Such a situation may happen if the oven shutters are closed too early or if a mobile cooker is used in a small tent with no ventilation (Ventilation is fresh air coming in and smoke going out). Many people have died from carbon monoxide poisoning. Carbon monoxide poisoning can cause feelings of paranoia and hallucinations, and has been determined to be a major cause of [[Haunted house|"haunted" houses]]. Small amounts of it are found in coal gas, a fuel produced by heating coal without any air.
 == Production ==