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A '''free radical''' is a [[molecule]] with an unpaired [[electron]]. The molecule is reactive and seeks another electron to pair.<ref name=Rice-Evans1> Rice-Evans, C. (1999). “Screening of phenolics and flavonoids for antioxidant activity”. In: Antioxidant Food Supplements in Human Health. Academic Press, p. 239–253. </ref> Free radicals are involved in the mechanisms of damage associated with disease development. Examples are hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide.<ref name=AfzalArmstrong1> Afzal, M., Armstrong, D. (2002). “Fractionation of herbal medicine for identifying antioxidant activity”. In: Armstrong, D. (Ed.) Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 186: Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Antioxidant Protocols, Humana Press Inc. </ref> |
A '''free radical''' is a [[molecule]] with an unpaired [[electron]]. The molecule is reactive and seeks another electron to pair.<ref name=Rice-Evans1> Rice-Evans, C. (1999). “Screening of phenolics and flavonoids for antioxidant activity”. In: Antioxidant Food Supplements in Human Health. Academic Press, p. 239–253. </ref> Free radicals are involved in the mechanisms of damage associated with disease development. Examples are hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide.<ref name=AfzalArmstrong1> Afzal, M., Armstrong, D. (2002). “Fractionation of herbal medicine for identifying antioxidant activity”. In: Armstrong, D. (Ed.) Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 186: Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Antioxidant Protocols, Humana Press Inc. </ref> |
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A '''radical''' is an atom or group of an (?) which possesses electric charge.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Radical {{!}} Chemistry {{!}} Britannica|url=https://britannica.com/science/radical-chemistry |
A '''radical''' is an atom or group of an (?) which possesses electric charge.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Radical {{!}} Chemistry {{!}} Britannica|url=https://britannica.com/science/radical-chemistry|access-date=2021-11-22|website=britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> There are two types of radicals: Cation and anion. Cation are positively charged while anion are negatively charged.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-27|title=Cation vs. Anion: The Difference Between Them Is Electrifying|url=https://dictionary.com/e/cation-vs-anion/|access-date=2021-11-22|website=dictionary.com|language=en}}</ref> Examples of cation are '''Calcium''' '''(Ca<sup>2</sup>'''<sup>+</sup>'''), Potassium (K'''<sup>+</sup>'''), Hydrogen (H'''<sup>+</sup>''')'''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thoughtco.com/cation-definition-and-examples-602142 | title=What is Cation? Review Your Chemistry Concepts }}</ref> Examples of anion are '''Iodide''' ('''I'''<sup>-</sup>), '''Chlorine''' ('''Cl'''<sup>-</sup>) and '''Hydroxide''' ('''OH'''<sup>-</sup>).<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Gorm|first1=Mary|last2=Writer|first2=y White Staff|title=Ion Examples With Positive & Negative Charges|url=https://examples.yourdictionary.com/ion-examples.html|access-date=2021-11-22|website=yourdictionary.com|language=en}}</ref> |
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The need for [[Antioxidant|antioxidants]] in peoples’ daily life is becoming more critical with increased exposure to free radicals.<ref>Percival, M. (1998). “Antioxidants”. ''Clinical Nutrition Insights'' 1/96 Rev. 10/98. http://acudoc.com/Antioxidants.PDF</ref> Pollution, cigarette smoke, drugs, illness and stress can increase our exposure. |
The need for [[Antioxidant|antioxidants]] in peoples’ daily life is becoming more critical with increased exposure to free radicals.<ref>Percival, M. (1998). “Antioxidants”. ''Clinical Nutrition Insights'' 1/96 Rev. 10/98. http://acudoc.com/Antioxidants.PDF</ref> Pollution, cigarette smoke, drugs, illness and stress can increase our exposure. |
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Latest revision as of 23:06, 13 August 2023
A free radical is a molecule with an unpaired electron. The molecule is reactive and seeks another electron to pair.[1] Free radicals are involved in the mechanisms of damage associated with disease development. Examples are hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide.[2]
A radical is an atom or group of an (?) which possesses electric charge.[3] There are two types of radicals: Cation and anion. Cation are positively charged while anion are negatively charged.[4] Examples of cation are Calcium (Ca2+), Potassium (K+), Hydrogen (H+).[5] Examples of anion are Iodide (I-), Chlorine (Cl-) and Hydroxide (OH-).[6]
The need for antioxidants in peoples’ daily life is becoming more critical with increased exposure to free radicals.[7] Pollution, cigarette smoke, drugs, illness and stress can increase our exposure.
References[change | change source]
- ↑ Rice-Evans, C. (1999). “Screening of phenolics and flavonoids for antioxidant activity”. In: Antioxidant Food Supplements in Human Health. Academic Press, p. 239–253.
- ↑ Afzal, M., Armstrong, D. (2002). “Fractionation of herbal medicine for identifying antioxidant activity”. In: Armstrong, D. (Ed.) Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 186: Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Antioxidant Protocols, Humana Press Inc.
- ↑ "Radical | Chemistry | Britannica". britannica.com. Retrieved 2021-11-22.
- ↑ "Cation vs. Anion: The Difference Between Them Is Electrifying". dictionary.com. 2021-07-27. Retrieved 2021-11-22.
- ↑ "What is Cation? Review Your Chemistry Concepts".
- ↑ Gorm, Mary; Writer, y White Staff. "Ion Examples With Positive & Negative Charges". yourdictionary.com. Retrieved 2021-11-22.
- ↑ Percival, M. (1998). “Antioxidants”. Clinical Nutrition Insights 1/96 Rev. 10/98. http://acudoc.com/Antioxidants.PDF
