Willyam Ciksfir

Willyam Ciksfir

afgan

Anaw n waris	masculin
Tamazirt n tɣlant	royaume d'Angleterre
Ism s tutlayt taymmat	William Shakespeare
Ism amzwaru	William
Ḍfṛism	Shakespeare
Surnom	The Bard of Avon
Assf n tlalit	Ibrir 1564
Ida n tlalit	Stratford upon Avon
Date de baptême	26 Ibrir 1564
Assf n tmttant	23 Ibrir 1616
Ida n tmttant	Stratford upon Avon
Circonstances de la mort	causes naturelles
Cause de la mort	valeur inconnue
Date d'enterrement ou de crémation	25 Ibrir 1616
Timḍlt	église de la Sainte-Trinité de Stratford-upon-Avon
Père	John Shakespeare
Mère	Mary Shakespeare
Conjoint ou conjointe	Anne Hathaway
Enfant	Susanna Hall, Hamnet Shakespeare, Judith Quiney
Langue maternelle	anglais moderne naissant
Tutlayin s ar isawal, d s ar ittara	anglais moderne naissant
Tutlayin n tirra	anglais moderne naissant, Tutlayt Tanglizt
Tawuri d mad isala	dramaturge
Scolarité	King Edward VI School, Stratford-upon-Avon
Résidence	Stratford upon Avon
Affilié à	Lord Chamberlain's Men, King's Men
Liste de ses œuvres	William Shakespeare bibliography
Anaw n tẓuṛi	pièce de théâtre, poésie
Présent dans l'œuvre	Star Trek: The Original Series Core Game Book
Asra	Renaissance anglaise
Discipline dont c'est l'objet	Shakespeare studies
Est représenté par	Portrait Chandos
Collection comprenant une œuvre de la personne	Minneapolis Institute of Art, National Gallery of Art, musée d'art Nelson-Atkins, Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, Musée J. Paul Getty
Statut des droits d'auteur du créateur	droits d'auteurs ne pouvant plus être enfreints
Dossier documentaire conservé par	Fondation SAPA, Archives suisses des arts de la scène

Willyam Ciksfir (ilul ɣ 23 ibril 1564 – 23 ibril 1616) iga yan umara anmzgun d yan umdyaz d usmday anglizy. Ittyawssan bahra is iga amara imqqurn ɣ tutlayt tanglizt d umara adramay da tn yufn ɣ umaḍal. Ittɣra as s "umdyaz anamur n Inglatirra" d "unḍḍam n Abun" (niɣ d ɣar "Anḍḍam"). Tawuri nns iflin tgru ula xtilli iskr d wiyyaḍ, rad akkʷ gint ɣ wuṭṭun nnsnt kra n 39 n urarn inmzgunn, 154 n sunitat, kraḍ n tmdyazin ɣzzifnin d kra n isaffn n tmdyazt, tili turda ɣ manwa ad tnt yuran.

Urarn nns inmzgunn aɣulnt s tutlayin akkʷ mqqurnin d ar ttyurarn uggar n tin imaran yaḍnin. Shakespeare iga sul amara anglizi da bahra issnfluln tutlayt tanglizt, d ɣwalli akkʷ gisn ilan iḍiṣ.

Ciksfir Willyam ilul d ɣ Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire imqqur gis, Lliɣ ila 18 n usggʷas, itahl d Anne Hathaway, ilin sin itsn kraḍ n tarwa: Susanna, d iknwn Hamnet d Judith. Kra n wakud gr 1585 d 1592, issnti yat twada ifulkin ɣ Lunḍun ig yan usmday, amara, d bab n yat tdrawt n urarn mi ism Lord Chamberlain's Men, infl as sul ism s King's Men lliɣ iɣli ugllid James wis sḍis n Iskutlanda s isni n Inglterra. Lliɣ dars tlla 49 n usggʷas (ɣ 1613), yuman is izri s Stratford, ɣ immut kraḍ isggʷasn tiɣrdin n ɣayad. Ur d yagur aysilad imikkatin n izmmimn f tudrt nns iẓlin; ɣaylli d yiwin aswingm ur idrusn f kra n tɣawsiwin zun d asgd nns, tazzit nns, aris nns niɣ d akkʷ yak is nit iga ɣaylli yura wins niɣ d win kra n tsga yaḍni.

Shakespeare iskr tuggt n twuriwin nns ttyawssanin gr 1589 d 1613. Urarn nns imzwura gan zwar ikumidiyn d win umzruy, ttyawmnadn is gan umudn akkʷ attuynin ɣ wanaw nnsn. Ukan izri ilmma d inn ad nit ittara itrajidn ar 1608, ad gisn ittyawbdar *Romeo d Juliet*, *Hamlet*, *Othello*, *King Lear* d *Macbeth*, da akkʷ ttyawmnadn is gan umudn akkʷ cwanin ɣ tutlayt tanglizt. Ɣ tgira n tudrt nns, yura Ikumidn-Itrajidn (da ttyawssanin s "izlan n tayri") zun d *The Winter's Tale* d *The Tempest*, imyawas ula d imaran d ismdayn yaḍnin.

Mnnaw wurarn n Ciksfir ttyawfsarn, sɣ dar tẓṛigin ggutnin ku yat d tcwi nns. Imil, ɣ 1623, John Heminges d Henry Condell, sin agmat imddukkal n Shakespeare, fsrn yan uḍris iggʷran ittyawssann s First Folio (Afulyu amzwaru), yan uḍris da d iffɣn dffir lmut nns d 36 n wurarn nnsn ad gis illan. Tamzwarut n udlis nns tga tt yat tmdyazt n Ben Jonson da rad as ig yan wafna, da t yullɣn s yan wawal da igan ɣilad amaway: "ur d win yan uzmz ad iga, macc win akkʷ izmaz".

Tudrt nns

Ciksfir iga yus n Jun Ciksfir, yan umɣar n tmdint d yan urgaz imursn ɣ uskar n ilmḍaḍn, d wad d yuckan sɣ Snitterfield ɣ Warwickshire, d Mary Arden, illis n yat takat imqqurn iṭṭafn ikaliwn, Ilul ɣ Stratford-upon-Avon, ɣ imẓal ass n 26 ibril 1564. Ass n tlalit nns ur ittyawssan, macc nnan is d ilul ɣ wass n 23 ibril ass n ugrram jurj. Ɣassad, lli iẓḍarn ad d yurri s William Oldys d George Steevens, ildi d mayann taɣḍft n imaratn n tudrt nns acku Shakespeare immut ɣ wass ad nit ɣ usggʷas n 1616. Iga wis kraḍ ɣ tam n tarwa, d warraw amnzu da isuln.

Mqqar ur llin kra n izmmimn n wakud ann ɣ iddr, taggat n imaratn n tudrt nns llan s ugʷri is d Ciksfir iɣra ɣ tinml tamaynut n Ugllid ɣ Stratford yat tinml igan fabur d xtalli ittyawskarn ɣ 1553, tmgala s uzgn n umil (400 m) d tgmmi nns.

Ɣ twada nns ɣ twuri, Ciksfir ibḍa akud nns gr Lunḍun d Stratfurd. Ɣ 1596, asggʷas izwurn iɣ isɣa New Place ad tg tigmmi n twja nns ɣ Stratford, Ciksfir ikka tt inn izdɣ ɣ tgrart n tgʷrramt Helen's, Bishopsgate, ɣ ugafa n wasif n Ṭams. Izgr asif s sawthwark ɣ 1599, asggʷas nit ɣ tskr tdrawt nns amzgun n Globe. Ar 1604, immatti daɣ s ugafa n wasif, s yan udɣar ɣ ugafa n ukanis imqqurn n St Paul da ɣ llant gigan tgʷmma fulkinin. Ɣinn, ikru tignarin sɣ dar yan uhugunut afransis mi ismn Christopher Mountjoy, amskar n icakukn n tmɣarin d id tarazal.

Ciksfir immut ass n 23 ibril 1616, ilkm 52 n usggʷas. Immut yan wayyur hlli ur ta iṛcm f taysi nns, yan warra ɣ issnti ad iglm ixf nns is illa ɣ "tadusi imuccdn". Ur illi kra n uɣbalu sɣ wakud ann issfrun manmk niɣ mas immut. Azgn n tasut sul, John Ward, anflus n Stratford, yura ɣ udlis nns is: "Shakespeare, Drayton, d Ben Jonson skrn yan umnaggar afrawas, yuman is nit swan anẓiẓ, acku Ciksfir immut s tawla da d yusi sɣ dɣin", ayann ur igi kra n usinaryu agcṛaṛaḍ acku Shakespeare issn Jonson d Drayton.

Tamdyazt nns

Ɣ 1593 d 1594, lliɣ qqnn imzgunn acku illa waṭṭan n tsrka, Shakespeare ifsr snat tmdyazin ɣzzifnin s yan ussntl n tayri: *Venus d Adonis* d *udɣɣr n Lucretia*, lli yura i Wriothesley Henry, Akunt n Southampton. Ɣ *Venus d Adonis*, yan Adonis imẓẓiyn ur irḍil i usurrf n Venus, aylli ɣ *Asurrf n Lucretia*, Lucretia tafulkit tettusurrf s Tarquin bu ccḥwat.

Yat tmdyazt tis kraḍṭ iɣzzifn, Asmammi n Bu Tayri, ɣ ar talla yat tfruxt imẓẓiyn f lliɣ tt yiwi baḍaḍ n yan urgaz amnzaɣ , tettyawɣnab tmdyazt ad ɣ 1609. Tuggt n imsiggiln n ɣassad tqbl is d *Asmammi n Bu Tayri* ad nit igan taɣarast n Shakespeare s tidt, tili daɣ tin ufiniq d mu ttgra/tafkrunt (1601) tga asmammi f lmut n yan ufniq umiyan d tayri nns, tafkrunt influsn.

Ɣ 1599, yat talɣa izwurn n snat sunitat, 138 d 144, tnfalal d ɣ *umẓaṛ irramn* (The pationate Pilgrim), tettyara ddu ism n Ciksfir, macc bla immurwa.