Семиологија

Семиологија (grč. semeios знак, особина) је наука о знацима (симболима) тј. општа наука о свим системима знакова који се појављују у човековом друштвеном животу (језик, обичаји, комуницирање). Она се развила средином 20. века, иако је човеков интерес за знакове настао веома рано, вероватно, појавом човека као свесног бића. Зачетницима семиологије можемо сматрати Платона, Аристотела, св. Августина и др.

Назив

Осим назива семиологија, користи се и назив семиотика који је 1867. године створио Чарлс Сандерс Пирс, амерички филозоф прагматичарске школе (1839–1914; семиотика је стално превођење знакова у друге знакове). Фердинанд де Сосир је у свом Курсу опште лингвистике ову науку назвао семиологијом, па од тог тренутка паралелно постоје два термина - семиологија (углавном на франкофоном подручју) и семиотика (англофоно подручје).

Подела

Чарлс Морис је извршио поделу семиотике на:

1. семиолошку семантику - проучава однос између знака и онога што је њиме означено.
2. семиолошку синтаксу - бави се односима међу знаковима унутар система.
3. семиолошку прагматику - изучава релације између знакова и човека који их употребљава.
   

Познати постсосировски лингвисти - структуралисти

1. Луис Хјемслев
2. Ерик Буисенс
3. Пјер Жирард
4. Џорџ Мунин
5. Луј Пријето

Знак

Основни проблем при дефинисању семиологије и њеног подручја је питање како се одређује знак. Знак је, у најширем смислу те речи, свака појава која за човека означава неку другу појаву: Човек, дакле, интерпретира знак, он иза њега очитава неки други изванзнаковни феномен. Такође, знак може бити ограничен само на оне феномене који за човека нешто означавају, а употребљавају се у међусобној комуникацији.

Литература

• Шкиљан, Дубравко (1987). Поглед у општу лингвистику (3 изд.). Загреб: Школска књига Загреб. стр. 190. 
• Дубравко Шкиљан Поглед у општу лингвистику
• Atkin, Albert. (2006). "Peirce's Theory of Signs", Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
• Barthes, Roland. ([1957] 1987). Mythologies. New York: Hill & Wang.
• Barthes, Roland ([1964] 1967). Elements of Semiology. (Translated by Annette Lavers & Colin Smith). London: Jonathan Cape.
• Chandler, Daniel. (2001/2007). Semiotics: The Basics. London: Routledge.
• Bittar, Eduardo C. B. (2015). Linguagem jurídica: semiótica, discurso e direito. 6. ed. São Paulo: Editora Saraiva, 2015.
• Clarke, D. S. (1987). Principles of Semiotic. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
• Clarke, D. S. (2003). Sign Levels. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
• Culler, Jonathan (1975). Structuralist Poetics: Structuralism, Linguistics and the Study of Literature. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
• Danesi, Marcel & Perron, Paul. (1999). Analyzing Cultures: An Introduction and Handbook. Bloomington: Indiana UP.
• Danesi, Marcel. (1994). Messages and Meanings: An Introduction to Semiotics. Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press.
• Danesi, Marcel. (2002). Understanding Media Semiotics. London: Arnold; New York: Oxford UP.
• Danesi, Marcel. . The Quest for Meaning: A Guide to Semiotic Theory and Practice. . Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 2007. 
• Deely, John. (2005 [1990]). Basics of Semiotics. 4th ed. . Tartu: Tartu University Press. 
• Deely, John. (2000), The Red Book: The Beginning of Postmodern Times or: Charles Sanders Peirce and the Recovery of Signum. Sonesson, Göran (1989). „Pictorial concepts. Inquiries into the semiotic heritage and its relevance for the analysis of the visual world”. Lund: Lund University Press.  Sonesson, Göran, 1989, Pictorial concepts. Inquiries into the semiotic heritage and its relevance for the analysis of the visual world, Lund: Lund University Press.(578 KiB)Pictorial concepts. Inquiries into the semiotic heritage and its relevance for the analysis of the visual world„Eprint” (PDF).  (571 KiB).
• Deely, John. . Four Ages of Understanding. . Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 2001. 
• Deely, John. (2003), "On the Word Semiotics, Formation and Origins", Semiotica 146.1/4, 1–50.
• Deely, John. . The Impact on Philosophy of Semiotics. South Bend: St. . Augustine Press. 2003. 
• Deely, John. (2004), "'Σημειον' to 'Sign' by Way of 'Signum': On the Interplay of Translation and Interpretation in the Establishment of Semiotics", Semiotica 148–1/4, 187–227.
• Deely, John. (2006), "On 'Semiotics' as Naming the Doctrine of Signs", Semiotica 158.1/4 (2006), 1–33.
• Derrida, Jacques . Positions. (Translated by Alan Bass). . London: Athlone Press. 1981. 
• Eagleton, Terry. (1983). Literary Theory: An Introduction. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
• Eco, Umberto. (1976). A Theory of Semiotics. London: Macmillan.
• Eco, Umberto. Semiotics and the Philosophy of Language. . Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 1986. 
• Eco, Umberto. (2000) Kant and the Platypus. New York, Harcourt Brace & Company.
• Eco, Umberto. A Theory of Semiotics. . Indiana: Indiana University Press. 1976. 
• Emmeche, Claus; Kull, Kalevi (eds.) (2011) Towards a Semiotic Biology: Life is the Action of Signs. London: Imperial College Press. pdf
• Foucault, Michel. (1970). The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. London: Tavistock.
• Greimas, Algirdas. (1987). On Meaning: Selected Writings in Semiotic Theory. (Translated by Paul J Perron & Frank H Collins). London: Frances Pinter.
• Herlihy, David. 1988–present. "2nd year class of semiotics". CIT.
• Hjelmslev, Louis . Prolegomena to a Theory of Language. (Translated by Francis J. Whitfield). . Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 1961. 
• Hodge, Robert & Kress, Gunther. (1988). Social Semiotics. Ithaca: Cornell UP.
• Lacan, Jacques. (1977) Écrits: A Selection. (Translated by Alan Sheridan). New York: Norton.
• Lidov, David (1999) Elements of Semiotics. New York: St. Martin's Press.
• Liszka, J. J. (1996) A General Introduction to the Semeiotic of C.S. Peirce. Indiana University Press.
• Locke, John, The Works of John Locke, A New Edition, Corrected, In Ten Volumes, Vol.III, T. Tegg, (London), 1823. (facsimile reprint by Scientia, (Aalen), 1963.)
• Lotman, Yuri M. (1990). Universe of the Mind: A Semiotic Theory of Culture. (Translated by Ann Shukman). London: I.B. Tauris.
• Morris, Charles W. (1971). Writings on the general theory of signs. The Hague: Mouton.
• Menchik, Daniel A; Tian, Xiaoli (2008). „Putting Social Context into Text: The Semiotics of E‐mail Interaction” (PDF). American Journal of Sociology. 114 (2): 332—70. doi:10.1086/590650. 
• Peirce, Charles S. . Collected papers: Volume V. Pragmatism and pragmaticism. Cambridge, MA, USA. . Harvard University Press. 1934. 
• Petrilli, Susan (2009). „Semiotics as semioethics in the era of global communication”. Semiotica. 2009 (173): 343—67. doi:10.1515/SEMI.2009.015. 
• Ponzio, Augusto & S. Petrilli (2007) Semiotics Today. From Global Semiotics to Semioethics, a Dialogic Response. New York, Ottawa, Toronto: Legas. 84 pp. ISBN 978-1-894508-98-8.
• Romeo, Luigi (1977), "The Derivation of 'Semiotics' through the History of the Discipline", Semiosis, v. 6 pp. 37–50.
• Sebeok, T.A. (1976), Contributions to the Doctrine of Signs, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN.
• Sebeok, Thomas A. (Editor) . A Perfusion of Signs. Bloomington, IN. . Indiana University Press. 1977. 
• Signs and Meaning: 5 Questions, edited by Peer Bundgaard and Frederik Stjernfelt, 2009 (Automatic Press / VIP). (Includes interviews with 29 leading semioticians of the world.)
• Short, T.L. , Peirce's Theory of Signs. . Cambridge University Press. 2007. 
• Stubbe, Henry (Henry Stubbes), The Plus Ultra reduced to a Non Plus: Or, A Specimen of some Animadversions upon the Plus Ultra of Mr. Glanvill, wherein sundry Errors of some Virtuosi are discovered, the Credit of the Aristotelians in part Re-advanced; and Enquiries made...., (London), 1670.
• von Uexküll, Thure (1982). „Semiotics and medicine”. Semiotica. 38 (3–4). doi:10.1515/semi.1982.38.3-4.205. 
• Williamson, Judith. (1978). Decoding Advertisements: Ideology and Meaning in Advertising. London: Boyars.
• Zlatev, Jordan. (2009). "The Semiotic Hierarchy: Life, Consciousness, Signs and Language, Cognitive Semiotics". Sweden: Scania.

Спољашње везе

• Applied Semiotics / Sémiotique appliquée
• Communicology: The link between semiotics and phenomenological manifestations
• Signo—www.signosemio.com—Presents semiotic theories and theories closely related to semiotics
• It from bit and fit from bit. On the origin and impact of information in the average evolution (Yves Decadt, 2000). Book published in Dutch with English paper summary in The Information Philosopher, http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/scientists/decadt/
• The Semiotics of the Web
• Arisbe: The Peirce Gateway
• Semiotics according to Robert Marty, with 76 definitions of the sign by C. S. Peirce
• The Commens Dictionary of Peirce's Terms

Часописи и серијали књига

• American Journal of Semiotics, John Deely, Editor, & Christopher Morrissey, Managing Editor—from the [1].
• Applied Semiotics / Sémiotique appliquée (AS/SA), Peter G. Marteinson & Pascal G. Michelucci, Editors.
• Approaches to Applied Semiotics (2000–2009 book series), Thomas Sebeok et al., Editors.
• Approaches to Semiotics (1969–97 book series), Thomas A. Sebeok, Alain Rey, Roland Posner, et al., Editors.
• Biosemiotics, Marcello Barbieri, Editor-in-Chief—from the International Society for Biosemiotic Studies.
• Center for Semiotics, Aarhus University, Denmark.
• Cognitive Semiotics, Per Aage Brandt & Todd Oakley, Editors-in-Chief.
• Cybernetics and Human Knowing, Søren Brier, Chief Editor.
• International Journal of Marketing Semiotics, George Rossolatos, Chief Editor.
• International Journal of Signs and Semiotic Systems (IJSSS), Angelo Loula & João Queiroz, Editors.
• Open Semiotics Resource Center. Journals, lecture courses, etc.
• The Public Journal of Semiotics, Paul Bouissac, Editor in Chief; Alan Cienki, Associate Editor; René Jorna, Winfried Nöth.
• S.E.E.D. Journal (Semiotics, Evolution, Energy, and Development) (2001–7), Edwina Taborsky, Editor—from SEE.
• The Semiotic Review of Books, Gary Genosko, General Editor; Paul Bouissac, Founding Editor.
• Semiotica, Marcel Danesi, Chief Editor—from the International Association for Semiotic Studies.
• Semiotiche, Gian Paolo Caprettini, Managing Director; Andrea Valle & Miriam Visalli, Editors. Some articles in English. Home site seems gone from Web, old url [2] no longer good, and Wayback Machine cannot retrieve.
• Semiotics, Communication and Cognition (book series), Paul Cobley & Kalevi Kull, Editors.
• Semiotics: Yearbook of the Semiotic Society of America, Jamin Pelkey, Editor—from the [3].
• SemiotiX New Series: A Global Information Bulletin, Paul Bouissac et al.
• Sign Systems Studies, Kalevi Kull, Kati Lindstrom, Mihhail Lotman, Timo Maran, Silvi Salupere, Peeter Torop, Editors—from the Dept. of Semiotics, University of Tartu, Estonia.
• Signs and Society, Richard J. Parmentier, Editor.
• Signs: International Journal of Semiotics. Martin Thellefsen, Torkild Thellefsen, & Bent Sørensen, chief eds.
• Tartu Semiotics Library (book series), Peeter Torop, Kalevi Kull, Silvi Salupere, Editors.
• Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society, Cornelis de Waal, Chief Editor—from The Charles S. Peirce Society.
• Versus: Quaderni di studi semiotici, founded by Umberto Eco.