Llobarro atlàntic ratllat: diferència entre les revisions
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| sinonims = *''Morone lineatus '' {{mida|85%|([[Marcus Elieser Bloch|Bloch]], [[1792]])}} |
| sinonims = *''Morone lineatus '' {{mida|85%|([[Marcus Elieser Bloch|Bloch]], [[1792]])}} |
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*''Morone saxitilis '' {{mida|85%|(Walbaum, [[1792]])}} |
* ''Morone saxitilis '' {{mida|85%|(Walbaum, [[1792]])}} |
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*''Perca mitchilli alternata '' {{mida|85%|(Mitchill, [[1815]])}} |
* ''Perca mitchilli alternata '' {{mida|85%|(Mitchill, [[1815]])}} |
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*''Perca saxatilis '' {{mida|85%|(Walbaum, [[1792]])}} |
* ''Perca saxatilis '' {{mida|85%|(Walbaum, [[1792]])}} |
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*''Roccus lineatus '' {{mida|85%|([[Marcus Elieser Bloch|Bloch]], [[1792]])}} |
* ''Roccus lineatus '' {{mida|85%|([[Marcus Elieser Bloch|Bloch]], [[1792]])}} |
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*''Roccus saxatilis '' {{mida|85%|(Walbaum, [[1792]])}} |
* ''Roccus saxatilis '' {{mida|85%|(Walbaum, [[1792]])}} |
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*''Sciaena lineata '' {{mida|85%|([[Marcus Elieser Bloch|Bloch]], [[1792]])}}<ref>[http://www.catalogueoflife.org/details/species/id/9037355 Catalogue of Life] {{en}}</ref> |
* ''Sciaena lineata '' {{mida|85%|([[Marcus Elieser Bloch|Bloch]], [[1792]])}}<ref>[http://www.catalogueoflife.org/details/species/id/9037355 Catalogue of Life] {{en}}</ref> |
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[[Fitxer:StripedBass.JPG|miniatura|Exemplar capturat a [[Nova Jersey]]]] |
[[Fitxer:StripedBass.JPG|miniatura|Exemplar capturat a [[Nova Jersey]]]] |
Revisió del 04:37, 8 ago 2020
Morone saxatilis | |
---|---|
Estat de conservació | |
Risc mínim | |
UICN | 192942 |
Taxonomia | |
Super-regne | Holozoa |
Regne | Animalia |
Fílum | Chordata |
Classe | Actinopteri |
Ordre | Perciformes |
Família | Moronidae |
Gènere | Morone |
Espècie | Morone saxatilis (Walbaum, 1792) |
Nomenclatura | |
Sinònims | |
Protònim | Perca saxatilis |
Distribució | |
El llobarro atlàntic ratllat (Morone saxatilis) és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels morònids.[2]
Descripció
- Pot arribar a fer 200 cm de llargària màxima[3] (normalment, en fa 120)[4] i 57 kg de pes.[5]
- Cos comprimit lateralment.
- Pot ésser de color verd clar, oliva, blau acerat, negre o marró al dors. Ventre blanc iridescent.
- Boca terminal i grossa.
- Dues aletes dorsals separades.
- 9-11 espines i 10-13 radis tous a l'aleta dorsal i 3 espines i 7-13 radis tous a l'anal.
- Té entre sis i nou franges contínues laterals a ambdós flancs.
- La tercera espina de l'aleta anal és més llarga i prima que la segona.[6][7]
Reproducció
Té lloc quan la temperatura arriba als 18 °C als rius o estuaris on es realitzarà l'aparellament (com ara, el rius Hudson[8] i Roanoke o la badia de Chesapeake). La femella pot arribar a dipositar entre 500.000 i 3 milions d'ous però menys d'1% dels embrions arribaran a sobreviure més d'un parell de mesos després de l'eclosió.[9] Els pares no protegeixen ni els ous ni les larves i els embrions van a la deriva durant 1,5-3 dies. La maduresa sexual és assolida pels mascles en arribar als 2-4 anys d'edat i per les femelles entre els 5 i els 8.[7][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]
Alimentació
Les larves mengen zooplàncton; els juvenils gambetes i d'altres crustacis, anèl·lids i insectes,[18][19] mentre que els adults es nodreixen d'una gran varietat de peixos[20] i invertebrats (calamars, crancs, cucs de mar i amfípodes), amb la particularitat que deixen d'alimentar-se poc abans de la fresa.[6][21][22][23][24][25]
Depredadors
És depredat per taurons,[26] pinnípedes, gàdids (Microgadus tomcod i Gadus morhua), el lluç platejat (Merluccius bilinearis), Morone saxatilis (el canibalisme hi és present), el tallahams (Pomatomus saltator), Cyclops bicuspidatus[27] i la llampresa de mar (Petromyzon marinus).[7][28][29]
Paràsits
Els seus paràsits inclouen Ergasilus labracid, Scolex pleuronectis, larves de cestodes, Colponema, Trichodina, Glossatella, Myxosoma morone, Philometra rubra i Pomphorhynchus rocci, entre d'altres.[7]
Hàbitat
És un peix d'aigua dolça (entra als rius a la primavera per fresar), salabrosa i marina, anàdrom,[30] demersal i de clima temperat (8 °C-25 °C;[31] 51°N-24°N, 94°W-44°W), el qual viu a les aigües costaneres i les badies. N'hi ha poblacions mancades de sortida al mar.[6][32][33]
Distribució geogràfica
És originari de l'Atlàntic occidental: des del riu Sant Llorenç[34] (el Canadà)[35][36] fins al riu St. John's River (el nord de Florida) i el nord del golf de Mèxic,[31] i, també, des de l'oest de Florida fins a Louisiana. Ha estat introduït a altres països i territoris[37] (com ara, l'Argentina,[38] l'Equador, les illes Hawaii,[39][40] l'Iran,[41] Mèxic,[42] Rússia, Sud-àfrica, Turquia[43] i Letònia).[6][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]
Observacions
És inofensiu per als humans i la seua esperança de vida és de 30 anys.[6][61][62][63]
Referències
- ↑ Catalogue of Life (anglès)
- ↑ The Taxonomicon (anglès)
- ↑ Page, L.M. i B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Estats Units. 432 p.
- ↑ Frimodt, C., 1995. Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, Anglaterra. 215 p.
- ↑ Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald i H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Estats Units. 336 p.
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 FishBase (anglès)
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 Animal Diversity Web (anglès)
- ↑ Dey, W.P., 1981. Mortality and growth of young-of-the-year striped bass in the Hudson River estuary. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 110(1):151-157.
- ↑ Bailey, K.M. i E.D. Houde, 1989. Predation on eggs and larvae of marine fishes and the recruitment problem. Adv. Mar. Biol. 25:1-83.
- ↑ Breder, C. M.; Rosen, D. E. Modes of Reproduction in Fishes (en anglès). Museu Americà d'Història Natural, 1966.
- ↑ Carmichael, J.T., S.L. Haeseker i J.E. Hightower, 1998. Spawning migration of telemetered striped bass in the Roanoke River, North Carolina. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 127(2):286-297.
- ↑ Chesney, E.J., 1986. Multiple environmental factors as determinants of survival and growth in larval striped bass, Morone saxatilis. ICES C.M. 1986/M:26. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Copenhaguen.
- ↑ Eldridge, M.B., J.A. Whipple i M.J. Bowers, 1982. Bioenergetics and growth of striped bass, Morone saxatilis, embryos and larvae. Fish. Bull. 80:461-474.
- ↑ Eldridge, M.B., J.A. Whipple, D. Eng, M.J. Bowers i B.M. Jarvis, 1981. Effects of food and feeding factors on laboratory-reared striped bass larvae. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 110(1):111-120.
- ↑ Mansueti, R., 1958. Eggs, larvae and young of the striped bass, Roccus saxatilis. Md. Dept. Res. Educ. Chesapeake Lab. Contrib. (112):1-35.
- ↑ Rogers, B.A. i D.T. Westin, 1981. Laboratory studies on effects of temperature and delayed initial development of striped bass larvae. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 110(1):100-110.
- ↑ Scotton, L.N., R.E. Smith, N.S. Smith, K.S. Price i D.P. de Sylva, 1973. Pictorial guide to fish larvae of Delaware Bay: with information and bibliographies useful for the study of fish larvae. Delaware Bay Report Series. Vol. 7. College of Marine Studies, University of Delaware. 205 p.
- ↑ Etnier, D.A. i W.C. Starnes, 1993. The fishes of Tennessee. The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville (Tennessee), Estats Units.
- ↑ Scott, W.B. i E.J. Crossman, 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184:1-966.
- ↑ Scott, W.B. i M.G. Scott, 1988. Atlantic fishes of Canada. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 219: 731 p.
- ↑ Dew, C.B., 1988. Stomach contents of commercially caught Hudson River striped bass, Morone saxatilis, 1973-75. Fish. Bull. 86(2):397-401.
- ↑ Ozkizilcik, S. i F.-L.E. Chu, 1994. Evaluation of omega-3 fatty acid enrichment of Artemia nauplii as food for striped bass Morone saxatilis Walbaum larvae. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 25(1):147-154.
- ↑ Stevens, D.E., 1966. Food habits of striped bass, Roccus saxatilis in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. P. 68-96. A: J.L. Turner i D. W. Kelly (comp.). Ecological studies of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Part II Fishes of the Delta, Fish. Bull. 136.
- ↑ Tupper, M. i K.W. Able, 2000. Movements and food habits of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in Delaware Bay (USA) salt marshes: comparison of a restored and a reference marsh. Mar. Biol. 137(5-6):1049-1058.
- ↑ Walter, J.F. III i H.M. Austin, 2003. Diet composition of large striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in Chesapeake Bay. Fish Bull. 101(2):414-423.
- ↑ Ebert, D.A., 1991. Observations on the predatory behavior of the sevengill shark Notorhynchus cepedianus. S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 11:455-465.
- ↑ Smith, R.E. i R.J. Kernehan, 1981. Predation by the free-living copepod, Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi on larvae of the striped bass and white perch. Estuaries 1981 21(4):32-38.
- ↑ Hardisty, M.W., 1986. Petromyzon marinus (Linnaeus, 1758). P. 94-116. A: J. Holcík (ed.). The Freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 1, Part 1. Petromyzontiformes.
- ↑ FishBase (anglès)
- ↑ Riede, K., 2004. Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Alemanya. 329 p.
- ↑ 31,0 31,1 Van Den Avyle, M.J. i J.W. Evans, 1990. Temperature selection by striped bass in a Gulf of Mexico coastal river system. N. Amer. J. Fish. Manage. 10:58-66.
- ↑ Robins, C.R. i G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Estats Units. 354 p.
- ↑ Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald i H. Hammann, 1983.
- ↑ Robichaud-LeBlanc, K.A., S.C. Courtenay i T.J. Benfey, 1998. Distribution and growth of young-of-the-year striped bass in the Miramichi River Estuary, Gulf of St. Lawrence. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 127(1):56-69.
- ↑ Scott, W.B. i E.J. Crossman, 1969. Checklist of Canadian freshwater fishes with keys for identification. Life Sci. Misc. Publ. Roy. Ont. Mus. 104 p.
- ↑ Coker, G.A., C.B. Portt i C.K. Minns, 2001. Morphological and ecological characteristics of Canadian freshwater fishes. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. Núm. 2554. 89 p.
- ↑ Chiba, K., Y. Taki, K. Sakai i Y. Oozeki, 1989. Present status of aquatic organisms introduced into Japan. P. 63-70. A: S.S. De Silva (ed.). Exotic aquatic organisms in Asia. Proceedings of the Workshop on Introduction of Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia. Spec. Publ. Asian Fish. Soc. 3, 154 p.
- ↑ Vigliano, P.H. i G. Darrigran, 2002. Argentina's Freshwater Systems, Aliens in Wonderland. P. 25-44. A: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Aquatic Invasive Species.
- ↑ Randall, J.E., 1987. Introductions of marine fishes to the Hawaiian Islands. Bull. Mar. Sci. 41(2):490-502.
- ↑ Maciolek, J.A., 1984. Exotic fishes in Hawaii and other islands of Oceania. P. 131-161. A: W.R. Courtenay, Jr. i J.R. Stauffer, Jr. (eds.). Distribution, biology and management of exotic fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
- ↑ Coad, B.W., 1995. Freshwater fishes of Iran. Acta Sci. Nat. Acad. Sci. Brno. 29(1):1-64.
- ↑ Contreras-Balderas, S. i M.A. Escalante-C., 1984. Distribution and known impacts of exotic fishes in Mexico. P. 102-130. A: W.R. Courtenay, Jr. i J.R. Stauffer, Jr. (eds.). Distribution, biology and management of exotic fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
- ↑ Innal, D. i F. Erk'akan, 2006. Effects of exotic and translocated fish species in the inland waters of Turkey. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 16:39-50.
- ↑ FishBase (anglès)
- ↑ Bigelow, H.B. i W.C. Schroeder, 1953. Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. Fish. Bull. 53:1-577.
- ↑ Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels i M.D. Grosslein, 2000. Food of northwest Atlantic fishes and two common species of squid. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NE 155, 138 p.
- ↑ Collins, B.W., 1982. Growth of adult striped bass in the Sacramento-San Joaquin estuary. Calif. Fish Game 68:39-51.
- ↑ Hassan-Williams, C. i T.H. Bonner, 2007. Texas freshwater fishes. Texas State University- San Marcos: Biology Department/ Aquatic Station.
- ↑ Holcík, J., 1991. Fish introductions in Europe with particular reference to its central and eastern part. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48 (Suppl. 1):13-23.
- ↑ Ma, X., X. Bangxi, W. Yindong i W. Mingxue, 2003. Intentionally introduced and transferred fishes in China's inland waters. Asian Fish. Sci. 16(3&4):279-290.
- ↑ Missouri Department of Conservation, 2008. Fish of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation.
- ↑ Perley, M.H., 1852. Reports of the sea and river fisheries of New Brunswick. Fredericton, N.B. 294 p.
- ↑ Scofield, E.C., 1931. The striped bass of California (Roccus lineatus). Div. Fish. Games Calif. Fish. Bull. 29:82 p.
- ↑ Scofield, N.B. i H.C. Bryant, 1926. The striped bass in California. Calif. Fish Game 12(2):55-74.
- ↑ Vasil'eva, E.D., 2003. Main alterations in ichthyofauna of the largest rivers of the northern coast of the Black Sea in the last 50 years: A review. Folia Zool. 52(4):337-358.
- ↑ Vladykov, V.D. i D.H. Wallace, 1952. Studies of the striped bass, Roccus saxatilis (Walbaum), with special reference to the Chesapeake Bay region during 1936-1938. Bull. Bingham Ocean. Col. 14(1):132-177.
- ↑ Welcomme, R.L., 1988. International introductions of inland aquatic species. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 294. 318 p.
- ↑ Wilber, D.H., D.G. Clarke, M.H. Burlas, H. Ruben i R.J. Will, 2003. Spatial and temporal variability in surf zone fish assemblages on the coast of northern New Jersey. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 56(2):291-304.
- ↑ Wirgin, I.I., C. Grunwald, S.J. Garte i C. Mesing, 1991. Use of DNA fingerprinting in the identification and management of a striped bass population in the southeastern United States. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 120(3):273-282.
- ↑ Xie, Y., Z. Lin, W.P. Gregg i D. Li, 2001. Invasive species in China - an overview. Biodivers. Conserv. 10:1317-1341.
- ↑ Fiedler, K., 1991. Lehrbuch der Speziellen Zoologie. Band II: Wirbeltiere. 2. Teil: Fische. D. Starck (ed.). Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena. 498 p.
- ↑ Flower, M.S.S., 1925. Contributions to our knowledge of the duration of life in vertebrate animals - I. Fishes. Proc. of the Zool. Soc. of London 1925(1):247-267.
- ↑ Robinson, J.B., 1960. The age and growth of striped bass (Roccus saxatilis) in California. Calif. Fish Game 46:279-290.
Bibliografia
- Divisió de Peixos de la Smithsonian Institution. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del Museu Nacional d'Història Natural (en anglès). Smithsonian Institution, 2001.
- Anònim, 2002. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, NY 10024-5192, Estats Units.
- Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.), 1998. Catalog of fishes. Publicació especial de la California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p.
- Freadman, M.A., 1979. Swimming energetics of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and bluefish (Pomatomous saltatrix): gill ventilation and swimming metabolism. J. Exp. Biol. 83:217-230.
- Freadman, M.A., 1981. Swimming energetics of stiped bass (Morone saxatilis) and bluefish (Pomatomous saltatrix): hydrodynamic correlates of locomotion and gill ventilation. J. Exp. Biol. 90:253-265.
- Garibaldi, L., 1996. List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p.
- Gray, I.E., 1954. Comparative study of the gill area of marine fishes. Biol. Bull. Mar. Biol. Lab. Woods Hole 107:219-225.
- Hinegardner, R. i D.E. Rosen, 1972. Cellular DNA content and the evolution of teleostean fishes. Am. Nat. 106(951): 621-644.
- Jelks, H.L., S.J. Walsh, N.M. Burkhead, S. Contreras-Balderas, E. Díaz-Pardo, D.A. Hendrickson, J. Lyons, N.E. Mandrak, F. McCormick, J.S. Nelson, S.P> Platania, B.A. Porter, C.B. Renaud, J.J. Schmitter-Soto, E.B. Taylor i M.L. Warren, Jr., 2008. Conservation status of imperiled North American freshwater and diadromous fishes. Fisheries 33(8): 372-407.
- Kruger, R.L. i R.W. Brocksen, 1978. Respiratory metabolism of striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), in relation to temperature. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 31:55-66.
- Laughlin, T.F. i B.J. Turner, 1996. Hypervariable DNA markers reveal high genetic variability within striped bass populations of the lower Chesapeake Bay. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 125(1):49-55.
- Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea i J.D. Williams, 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland, Estats Units.
- Neumann, D.A., J.M. O'Connor i J.A. Sherk, Jr., 1981. Oxygen consumption of white perch (Morone americana), striped bass (M. saxatilis) and spot (Leiostomus xanthurus). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 69A:467-478.
- Pauly, D., 1978. A preliminary compilation of fish length growth parameters. Ber. Inst. Meereskd. Christian-Albrechts-Univ. Kiel (55):1-200.
- Rachlin, J.W., A.P. Beck i J.M. O'Connor, 1978. Karyotypic analysis of Hudson river striped bass, Morone saxatilis. Copeia (2):343-345.
- Raney, E.C., 1952. The life history of the striped bass, Roccus saxatilis (Walbaum). Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Collect. 14(1):5-97.
- Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea i W.B. Scott, 1980. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174.
- Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea i W.B. Scott, 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Pub. (20):183 p.
- Setler, E.M., W.R. Boynton, K.V. Wood, H.H. Zion, L. Lubbers, N.K. Mountford, P. Frere, L. Tucker i J.A. Mihursky, 1980. Synopsis of biological data on striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum). NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circular 433, FAO Synopsis Núm. 121.
- Wirgin, I.I. i L. Maceda, 1991. Development and use of striped bass-specific RFLP probes. J. Fish Biol. 39 (Suppl. A):159-167.
- Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao i C.F. Lai (eds.), 1999. Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.
Enllaços externs
- BioLib (anglès)
- Barcodes of Life (anglès)
- AQUATAB
- Arctos Specimen Database (anglès)